Phylogenetics And Diversification Of Escallonia Escalloniaceae
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Phylogenetics And Diversification Of Escallonia Escalloniaceae
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Author : Felipe Zapata
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Phylogenetics And Diversification Of Escallonia Escalloniaceae written by Felipe Zapata and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Biodiversity categories.
Despite a large accumulation of evidence on the high richness of plant species in the mountains of South America, little is known about the historical underpinnings of this diversity. To contribute to our understanding of the origin and diversification of plant species in these mountains, I analyzed geographic patterns of variation in molecular and phenotypic characters for the genus Escallonia L.f. (Escalloniaceae), a group of shrubs widespread in montane habitats in South America. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast and nuclear loci revealed i) that Escallonia is monophyletic, ii) a remarkable level of geographical phylogenetic structure, and iii) a widespread absence of species-level monophyly. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that geography played an important role early in the history of Escallonia by separating populations, which later diversified rapidly and/or recently in isolation. To evaluate whether the lack of monophyly could reflect problems with species boundaries, I present a new statistical approach that uses morphological and geographical data to i) weigh the strength of the evidence to support the hypothesis that species are separated by morphological gaps, and ii) examine if gaps could be explained by an alternative hypothesis of geographic differentiation within a single species rather than by a hypothesis of a species boundary. Analyses of morphological measurements using this approach provided support to several of the current hypotheses of species boundaries within Escallonia, suggesting that neutral molecular variation and phenotypic variation are not evolving in concert. Analyses of bioclimatic data provided further evidence that most species differed in their climatic niche, and thus display differences in their present day selective regimes. By integrating molecular, morphological and bioclimatic analyses, I provide evidence to infer that most species (71%) within Escallonia represent distinct evolutionary lineages on independent evolutionary trajectories. A new species of Escallonia is described. Data exploration suggests that environmental gradients may have played an important role in recent speciation events. Taken together, these results illustrate the usefulness of an approach to studying plant diversification that emphasizes the collection and integration of a variety of biological data to better understand the origin and evolution of species.
Phylogeny And Evolution Of The Angiosperms
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Author : Douglas Soltis
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2018-01-24
Phylogeny And Evolution Of The Angiosperms written by Douglas Soltis and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-24 with Science categories.
Although they are relative latecomers on the evolutionary scene, having emerged only 135?170 million years ago, angiosperms—or flowering plants—are the most diverse and species-rich group of seed-producing land plants, comprising more than 15,000 genera and over 350,000 species. Not only are they a model group for studying the patterns and processes of evolutionary diversification, they also play major roles in our economy, diet, and courtship rituals, producing our fruits, legumes, and grains, not to mention the flowers in our Valentine’s bouquets. They are also crucial ecologically, dominating most terrestrial and some aquatic landscapes. This fully revised edition of Phylogeny and Evolution of the Angiosperms provides an up-to-date, comprehensive overview of the evolution of and relationships among these vital plants. Incorporating molecular phylogenetics with morphological, chemical, developmental, and paleobotanical data, as well as presenting a more detailed account of early angiosperm fossils and important fossil information for each evolutionary branch of the angiosperms, the new edition integrates fossil evidence into a robust phylogenetic framework. Featuring a wealth of new color images, this highly synthetic work further reevaluates long-held evolutionary hypotheses related to flowering plants and will be an essential reference for botanists, plant systematists, and evolutionary biologists alike.
Flowering Plants Eudicots
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Author : Joachim W. Kadereit
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-09
Flowering Plants Eudicots written by Joachim W. Kadereit and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-09 with Science categories.
This volume covers the orders Boraginales, Garryales and Solanales (except Convolvulaceae) of the Lamiids (Asterids I) as well as three unplaced families of that clade, i.e. Vahliaceae, Icacinaceae and Metteniusaceae, and the orders Aquifoliales, Escalloniales, Bruniales, Dipsacales and Paracryphiales of the Campanulids (Asterids II). It is the first of two final volumes to (almost) complete the treatment of the Asterids, which started with Vol. VI (Cornales, Ericales, 2004) and continued with Vol. VII (Lamiales, 2004) and Vol. VIII (Asterales, 2007). The present volume provides descriptions for 35 families and altogether 340 genera, including three genera of somewhat uncertain family affiliation. It provides identification keys for families within orders and for all genera within families, and also discusses probable phylogenetic relationships. The wealth of information contained in this volume makes it an indispensable source for all those working in pure and applied plant sciences.
Plants Of Oceanic Islands
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Author : Tod F. Stuessy
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-10-26
Plants Of Oceanic Islands written by Tod F. Stuessy and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-26 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive view of the origin and evolution of the plants of an entire oceanic archipelago.
The Flowering Plants Handbook
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Author : James W. Byng
language : en
Publisher: Plant Gateway Ltd.
Release Date : 2014-10-16
The Flowering Plants Handbook written by James W. Byng and has been published by Plant Gateway Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-16 with Nature categories.
This plant book aims to help identify flowering plants to genus and family level anywhere in the world. In 2014 there were very few available works which were both comprehensive and up-to-date for all the flowering plants families and genera of the world. The Flowering Plants Handbook is an easy to use identification guide to the worlds flowering plants designed for both specialists and non-specialists and from beginner to expert. The book contains descriptions of all currently recognised flowering plant families, morphological notes for 6656 genera (all current genera for 398/413 families) and over 3000 images and illustrations. Flowering plants can be identified using the book to family and much of the world's generic diversity in four 'easy' steps. Some plants will be identified correctly quickly, whilst others may require some retracing of steps and take a little more time. The advantage of this book is that it helps the user learn about the classification system and plant diversity during the identification process. This work was compiled and developed using the living, library and herbarium collections at the University of Aberdeen, Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Early Flowers And Angiosperm Evolution
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Author : Else Marie Friis
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2011-08-18
Early Flowers And Angiosperm Evolution written by Else Marie Friis and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-18 with Science categories.
The recent discovery of diverse fossil flowers and floral organs in Cretaceous strata has revealed astonishing details about the structural and systematic diversity of early angiosperms. Exploring the rich fossil record that has accumulated over the last three decades, this is a unique study of the evolutionary history of flowering plants from their earliest phases in obscurity to their dominance in modern vegetation. The discussion provides comprehensive biological and geological background information, before moving on to summarise the fossil record in detail. Including previously unpublished results based on research into Early and Late Cretaceous fossil floras from Europe and North America, the authors draw on direct palaeontological evidence of the pattern of angiosperm evolution through time. Synthesising palaeobotanical data with information from living plants, this unique book explores the latest research in the field, highlighting connections with phylogenetic systematics, structure and the biology of extant angiosperms.
Biogeography Of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
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Author : Leho Tedersoo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-01
Biogeography Of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis written by Leho Tedersoo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-01 with Science categories.
This book offers a timely overview and synthesis of biogeographic patterns of plants and fungi and their mycorrhizal associations across geographic scales. Written by leading experts in the field, it provides an updated definition of mycorrhizal types and establishes the best practices of modern biogeographic analyses. Individual chapters address the basic processes and mechanisms driving community ecology, population biology and dispersal in mycorrhizal fungi, which differ greatly from these of prokaryotes, plants and animals. Other chapters review the state-of-the-art knowledge about the distribution, ecology and biogeography of all mycorrhizal types and the most important fungal groups involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis. The book argues that molecular methods have revolutionized our understanding of the ecology and biogeography of mycorrhizal symbiosis and that rapidly evolving high-throughput identification and genomics tools will provide unprecedented information about the structure and functioning of mycorrhizal symbiosis on a global scale. This volume appeals to scientists in the fields of plant and fungal ecology and biogeography.
Plant Geography Of Chile
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Author : Andres Moreira-Munoz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-01-19
Plant Geography Of Chile written by Andres Moreira-Munoz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-19 with Science categories.
The first and so far only Plant Geography of Chile was written about 100 years ago, since when many things have changed: plants have been renamed and reclassified; taxonomy and systematics have experienced deep changes as have biology, geography, and biogeography. The time is therefore ripe for a new look at Chile’s plants and their distribution. Focusing on three key issues – botany/systematics, geography and biogeographical analysis – this book presents a thoroughly updated synthesis both of Chilean plant geography and of the different approaches to studying it. Because of its range – from the neotropics to the temperate sub-Antarctic – Chile’s flora provides a critical insight into evolutionary patterns, particularly in relation to the distribution along the latitudinal profiles and the global geographical relationships of the country’s genera. The consequences of these relations for the evolution of the Chilean Flora are discussed. This book will provide a valuable resource for both graduate students and researchers in botany, plant taxonomy and systematics, biogeography, evolutionary biology and plant conservation.
Experimental Statistics
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Author : Mary Gibbons Natrella
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2013-03-13
Experimental Statistics written by Mary Gibbons Natrella and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-13 with Mathematics categories.
A handbook for those seeking engineering information and quantitative data for designing, developing, constructing, and testing equipment. Covers the planning of experiments, the analyzing of extreme-value data; and more. 1966 edition. Index. Includes 52 figures and 76 tables.
American Journal Of Botany
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
American Journal Of Botany written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Botany categories.
