Phylogeography And Population Genetic Structure Of Double Crested Cormorants Phalacrocorax Auritus
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Phylogeography And Population Genetic Structure Of Double Crested Cormorants Phalacrocorax Auritus
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Author : Dacey M. Mercer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Phylogeography And Population Genetic Structure Of Double Crested Cormorants Phalacrocorax Auritus written by Dacey M. Mercer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Animal population genetics categories.
The Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) is a widespread, colonial, North American waterbird with bicoastal and inland distributions. Four subspecies have been described within North America corresponding to five geographic breeding regions: Interior and North Atlantic cormorants (P. a. auritus); Southeastern cormorants (P. a. floridanus); Alaskan cormorants (P. a. cincinnatus); and Pacific cormorants (P. a. albociliatus). Management strategies vary widely across the species' range according to local perceptions rather than relative population status. An understanding of population genetic structure is necessary for delineating appropriate management units. We examined the genetic structure of Double-crested Cormorants across their range in the United States and Canada to quantify variation within and among breeding sites and to assess the status of traditional geographically defined subspecies. Sequences (700bp) from domains I and II of the mitochondrial control region were analyzed for 234 Double-crested Cormorants from 23 breeding sites. Variation was also examined at 8 microsatellite loci for 395 cormorants from the same 23 breeding sites. The mtDNA and microsatellite data provided strong evidence that the Alaskan subspecies is genetically divergent from other populations in North America (net sequence divergence = 6.72%; [Phi]ST for mtDNA control region = 0.738; FST for microsatellite loci = 0.05). Our data also suggested strong genetic divergence in the southwestern U.S.; southern California may represent a zone of introgression resulting from a northward expansion of a unique lineage from the species' range in northwestern Mexico. In contrast, there was little support for recognition of subspecies within the conterminous U.S. and Canada, outside of Alaska. Rather than genetically distinct regions corresponding to the putative subspecies, we observed a distribution of genetic variation consistent with a pattern of gradual isolation by distance. This pattern implies that genetic differences across the range are due to geographic distance rather than discrete subspecific breaks. Although three of the four subspecies were not genetically distinct, potential demographic separation, habitat differences, and recent declines at some colonies within the regions, suggests that the Pacific and possibly the North Atlantic breeding regions may still warrant consideration as distinct populations. This thesis provides the first species-wide assessment of the phylogeography and population genetic structure of the Double-crested Cormorant. It further resulted in the first microsatellite markers developed specifically for a North American pelecaniform. The mitochondrial and microsatellite data provide a comprehensive assessment of the four putative subspecies described for the species. Given the highly varying conservation status of Double-crested Cormorants throughout their range, results of this study provide guidance for conservation and management practices on their behalf in North America.
The Double Crested Cormorant
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Author : Linda R. Wires
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2014-04-29
The Double Crested Cormorant written by Linda R. Wires and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-29 with Science categories.
Explores the roots of the human-cormorant conflict and assesses the federal policies that have been developed to manage the bird's population in the twenty-first century.
The Devil S Cormorant
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Author : Richard J. King
language : en
Publisher: University of New Hampshire Press
Release Date : 2013-09-22
The Devil S Cormorant written by Richard J. King and has been published by University of New Hampshire Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-22 with Science categories.
Behold the cormorant: silent, still, cruciform, and brooding; flashing, soaring, quick as a snake. Evolution has crafted the only creature on Earth that can migrate the length of a continent, dive and hunt deep underwater, perch comfortably on a branch or a wire, walk on land, climb up cliff faces, feed on thousands of different species, and live beside both fresh and salt water in a vast global range of temperatures and altitudes, often in close proximity to man. Long a symbol of gluttony, greed, bad luck, and evil, the cormorant has led a troubled existence in human history, myth, and literature. The birds have been prized as a source of mineral wealth in Peru, hunted to extinction in the Arctic, trained by the Japanese to catch fish, demonized by Milton in Paradise Lost, and reviled, despised, and exterminated by sport and commercial fishermen from Israel to Indianapolis, Toronto to Tierra del Fuego. In The DevilÕs Cormorant, Richard King takes us back in time and around the world to show us the history, nature, ecology, and economy of the worldÕs most misunderstood waterfowl.
Geographical Genetics Mpb 38
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Author : Bryan K. Epperson
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2003-08-11
Geographical Genetics Mpb 38 written by Bryan K. Epperson and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-08-11 with Science categories.
Population genetics has made great strides in applying statistical analysis and mathematical modeling to understand how genes mutate and spread through populations over time. But real populations also live in space. Streams, mountains, and other geographic features often divide populations, limit migration, or otherwise influence gene flow. This book rigorously examines the processes that determine geographic patterns of genetic variation, providing a comprehensive guide to their study and interpretation. Geographical Genetics has a unique focus on the mathematical relationships of spatial statistical measures of patterns to stochastic processes. It also develops the probability and distribution theory of various spatial statistics for analysis of population genetic data, detailing exact methods for using various spatial features to make precise inferences about migration, natural selection, and other dynamic forces. The book also reviews the experimental literature on the types of spatial patterns of genetic variation found within and among populations. And it makes an unprecedented strong connection between observed measures of spatial patterns and those predicted theoretically. Along the way, it introduces readers to the mathematics of spatial statistics, applications to specific population genetic systems, and the relationship between the mathematics of space-time processes and the formal theory of geographical genetics. Written by a leading authority, this is the first comprehensive treatment of geographical genetics. It is a much-needed guide to the theory, techniques, and applications of a field that will play an increasingly important role in population biology and ecology.
Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Medicine categories.
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Why Penguins Communicate
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Author : Pierre Jouventin
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-09-15
Why Penguins Communicate written by Pierre Jouventin and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-15 with Science categories.
Why Penguins Communicate: The Evolution of Visual and Vocal Signals is a comprehensive and condensed review of several hundred publications on the evolution of penguin behaviors, particularly signaling, linking genetics and ecology via such behavioral adaptations as nuptial displays. This exciting work has developed from the authors’ many years researching on the behavioral strategies of penguins, such as the unique vocal signatures for individual recognition. Studies of penguins on islands surrounding Antarctica are presented, fully showcasing the behavioral significance of visual ornaments (mating displays) and how and why penguins behave via adaptive evolutionary explanations. Through this evolutionary lens, the authors address several questions involving their identification and taxonomy, habitat and location, breeding, and differences between penguins and other seabirds. Each species occupies a unique ecological niche, and behaviors permit separating the species through mutual display. Although model organisms in science are diverse and specialized, we see the entire integration in penguins, from acoustical and optical physics, to behavioral display and speciation. This work highlights the adaptive significance of their behavior through an evolutionary point- of-view. Provides a focused view on visual and vocal communication behavior, also presenting the family of penguins as a model for acoustical studies Considers the role of ecological and social environments on the evolution of communication in penguins Spans the gap between the scientific community and an interested lay audience, featuring a readable style for students, professional researchers in biology, ornithologists, ethologists and penguin enthusiasts alike Ideal resource for graduate seminar courses on evolution of behavior, marine ecology, polar biology and ornithology
Modeling The Transmission And Prevention Of Infectious Disease
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Author : Christon J. Hurst
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-08-31
Modeling The Transmission And Prevention Of Infectious Disease written by Christon J. Hurst and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-31 with Science categories.
This volume focuses on blocking disease transmission and the ecological perspective of pathogens and pathogenic processes. The chapters on blocking transmission cover the environmental safety of space flight, biocides and biocide resistance, as well as infection control in healthcare facilities. The book also offers insights into the ecological aspects of infectious disease, introducing the reader to the role of indigenous gut microbiota in maintaining human health and current discussions on environmentally encountered bacterial and fungal pathogens including species that variously cause the necrotizing skin disease Buruli ulcer and coccidioidomycosis. Further, it explores the influenza A virus as an example for understanding zoonosis. It is a valuable resource for microbiologists and biomedical scientists alike.
The Rattlesnakes Of Arizona
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Author : Tell Hicks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-07-01
The Rattlesnakes Of Arizona written by Tell Hicks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-01 with categories.
A Comparative Study Of Some Social Communication Patterns In The Pelecaniformes
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Author : Gerard F. Van Tets
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
A Comparative Study Of Some Social Communication Patterns In The Pelecaniformes written by Gerard F. Van Tets and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Science categories.
The Szczecin Lagoon Ecosystem
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Author : Norbert Wolnomiejski
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2013-08-21
The Szczecin Lagoon Ecosystem written by Norbert Wolnomiejski and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-21 with Science categories.
The Great Lagoon is a central part of the Szczecin Lagoon, a major component in the Odra River estuary system. It is also an important European natural heritage site and one of the largest resting places for migratory birds in the Baltic Sea area. The first part of Wolnomiejski's and Witek’s book gives a thorough overview of the most up-to-date knowledge of this region, including the assessment of its biological production. Based on these findings authors develop a food web model of the Polish part of the Szczecin Lagoon, identifying a total of 45 trophic-functional components. The model describes a variety of features ranging from the magnitude of consumption, to the amount of unassimilated food and export of individual system components, and serves as an invaluable source, helping researchers to estimate various ecological indicators of The Great Lagoon’s ecosystem.