Physics Of Complexity
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Computational Complexity And Statistical Physics
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Author : Allon Percus
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2006-02-23
Computational Complexity And Statistical Physics written by Allon Percus and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-23 with Computers categories.
Computer science and physics have been closely linked since the birth of modern computing. In recent years, an interdisciplinary area has blossomed at the junction of these fields, connecting insights from statistical physics with basic computational challenges. Researchers have successfully applied techniques from the study of phase transitions to analyze NP-complete problems such as satisfiability and graph coloring. This is leading to a new understanding of the structure of these problems, and of how algorithms perform on them. Computational Complexity and Statistical Physics will serve as a standard reference and pedagogical aid to statistical physics methods in computer science, with a particular focus on phase transitions in combinatorial problems. Addressed to a broad range of readers, the book includes substantial background material along with current research by leading computer scientists, mathematicians, and physicists. It will prepare students and researchers from all of these fields to contribute to this exciting area.
A Concise Introduction To The Statistical Physics Of Complex Systems
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Author : Eric Bertin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-09-28
A Concise Introduction To The Statistical Physics Of Complex Systems written by Eric Bertin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-28 with Science categories.
This concise primer (based on lectures given at summer schools on complex systems and on a masters degree course in complex systems modeling) will provide graduate students and newcomers to the field with the basic knowledge of the concepts and methods of statistical physics and its potential for application to interdisciplinary topics. Indeed, in recent years, statistical physics has begun to attract the interest of a broad community of researchers in the field of complex system sciences, ranging from biology to the social sciences, economics and computer science. More generally, a growing number of graduate students and researchers feel the need to learn some basic concepts and questions originating in other disciplines without necessarily having to master all of the corresponding technicalities and jargon. Generally speaking, the goals of statistical physics may be summarized as follows: on the one hand to study systems composed of a large number of interacting ‘entities’, and on the other to predict the macroscopic (or collective) behavior of the system considered from the microscopic laws ruling the dynamics of the individual ‘entities’. These two goals are, to some extent, also shared by what is nowadays called ‘complex systems science’ and for these reasons, systems studied in the framework of statistical physics may be considered as among the simplest examples of complex systems—allowing in addition a rather well developed mathematical treatment.
Measures Of Complexity
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Author : Luca Peliti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-10-01
Measures Of Complexity written by Luca Peliti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-01 with categories.
Complexity And Criticality
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Author : Kim Christensen
language : en
Publisher: Imperial College Press
Release Date : 2005
Complexity And Criticality written by Kim Christensen and has been published by Imperial College Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Science categories.
This book provides a challenging and stimulating introduction to the contemporary topics of complexity and criticality, and explores their common basis of scale invariance, a central unifying theme of the book.Criticality refers to the behaviour of extended systems at a phase transition where scale invariance prevails. The many constituent microscopic parts bring about macroscopic phenomena that cannot be understood by considering a single part alone. The phenomenology of phase transitions is introduced by considering percolation, a simple model with a purely geometrical phase transition, thus enabling the reader to become intuitively familiar with concepts such as scale invariance and renormalisation. The Ising model is then introduced, which captures a thermodynamic phase transition from a disordered to an ordered system as the temperature is lowered in zero external field. By emphasising analogies between percolation and the Ising model, the reader's intuition of phase transitions is developed so that the underlying theoretical formalism may be appreciated fully. These equilibrium systems undergo a phase transition only if an external agent finely tunes certain external parameters to particular values.Besides fractals and phase transitions, there are many examples in Nature of the emergence of such complex behaviour in slowly driven non-equilibrium systems: earthquakes in seismic systems, avalanches in granular media and rainfall in the atmosphere. A class of non-equilibrium systems, not constrained by having to tune external parameters to obtain critical behaviour, is addressed in the framework of simple models, revealing that the repeated application of simple rules may spontaneously give rise to emergent complex behaviour not encoded in the rules themselves. The common basis of complexity and criticality is identified and applied to a range of non-equilibrium systems. Finally, the reader is invited to speculate whether self-organisation in non-equilibrium systems might be a unifying concept for disparate fields such as statistical mechanics, geophysics and atmospheric physics.Visit http: //www.complexityandcriticality.com for animations for the models in the book (available for Windows and Linux), solutions to exercises, as well as a list with corrections.
Sociology And Complexity Science
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Author : Brian Castellani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-10-03
Sociology And Complexity Science written by Brian Castellani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-03 with Science categories.
By now, most academics have heard something about the new science of complexity. In a manner reminiscent of Einstein and the last hundred years of physics, complexity science has captured the public imagination. ® One can go to Amazon. com and purchase books on complexification (Casti 1994), emergence (Holland 1998), small worlds (Barabási 2003), the web of life (Capra 1996), fuzzy thinking (Kosko 1993), global c- plexity (Urry 2003) and the business of long-tails (Anderson 2006). Even television has incorporated the topics of complexity science. Crime shows ® ® such as 24 or CSI typically feature investigators using the latest advances in computational modeling to “simulate scenarios” or “data mine” all p- sible suspects—all of which is done before the crime takes place. The ® World Wide Web is another example. A simple search on Google. Com using the phrase “complexity science” gets close to a million hits! C- plexity science is ubiquitous. What most scholars do not realize, however, is the remarkable role sociologists are playing in this new science. C- sider the following examples. 0. 1 Sociologists in Complexity Science The first example comes from the new science of networks (Barabási 2003). By now, most readers are familiar with the phenomena known as six-degrees of separation—the idea that, because most large networks are comprised of a significant number of non-random weak-ties, the nodes (e. g. , people, companies, etc.
Complexity And The Arrow Of Time
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Author : Charles H. Lineweaver
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-08-08
Complexity And The Arrow Of Time written by Charles H. Lineweaver and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-08 with Philosophy categories.
Written by a wide range of experts, this work presents cosmological, biological and philosophical perspectives on complexity in our universe.
Why More Is Different
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Author : Brigitte Falkenburg
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-02-26
Why More Is Different written by Brigitte Falkenburg and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-26 with Science categories.
The physics of condensed matter, in contrast to quantum physics or cosmology, is not traditionally associated with deep philosophical questions. However, as science - largely thanks to more powerful computers - becomes capable of analysing and modelling ever more complex many-body systems, basic questions of philosophical relevance arise. Questions about the emergence of structure, the nature of cooperative behaviour, the implications of the second law, the quantum-classical transition and many other issues. This book is a collection of essays by leading physicists and philosophers. Each investigates one or more of these issues, making use of examples from modern condensed matter research. Physicists and philosophers alike will find surprising and stimulating ideas in these pages.
Statistical Mechanics
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Author : James Sethna
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-04-07
Statistical Mechanics written by James Sethna and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-07 with Science categories.
In each generation, scientists must redefine their fields: abstracting, simplifying and distilling the previous standard topics to make room for new advances and methods. Sethna's book takes this step for statistical mechanics - a field rooted in physics and chemistry whose ideas and methods are now central to information theory, complexity, and modern biology. Aimed at advanced undergraduates and early graduate students in all of these fields, Sethna limits his main presentation to the topics that future mathematicians and biologists, as well as physicists and chemists, will find fascinating and central to their work. The amazing breadth of the field is reflected in the author's large supply of carefully crafted exercises, each an introduction to a whole field of study: everything from chaos through information theory to life at the end of the universe.
How Can Physics Underlie The Mind
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Author : George Ellis
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-31
How Can Physics Underlie The Mind written by George Ellis and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-31 with Science categories.
Physics underlies all complexity, including our own existence: how is this possible? How can our own lives emerge from interactions of electrons, protons, and neutrons? This book considers the interaction of physical and non-physical causation in complex systems such as living beings, and in particular in the human brain, relating this to the emergence of higher levels of complexity with real causal powers. In particular it explores the idea of top-down causation, which is the key effect allowing the emergence of true complexity and also enables the causal efficacy of non-physical entities, including the value of money, social conventions, and ethical choices.
Dynamics Information And Complexity In Quantum Systems
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Author : Fabio Benatti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-04-17
Dynamics Information And Complexity In Quantum Systems written by Fabio Benatti and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-17 with Computers categories.
This book offers a self-contained overview of the entropic approach to quantum dynamical systems. In it, complexity in quantum dynamics is addressed by comparison with the classical ergodic, information, and algorithmic complexity theories.