Physiological And Biochemical Changes In The Soybean Glycine Max Cultivars Essex And Forrest In Response To Water Deficit Stress
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Physiological And Biochemical Changes In The Soybean Glycine Max Cultivars Essex And Forrest In Response To Water Deficit Stress
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Author : Bhunesh Kothanur
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Physiological And Biochemical Changes In The Soybean Glycine Max Cultivars Essex And Forrest In Response To Water Deficit Stress written by Bhunesh Kothanur and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Soybean categories.
Drought and water-deficit adversely affect plant productivity. Limited water is a multidimensional stress that induces a number of molecular, biochemical and physiological changes in affected plants. These changes include altered photosynthetic capacity, altered gas exchange and the accumulation of secondary compounds. Glycine max (L.) Merrill (soybean) is an important crop and drought is a major limitation to soybean yield world--wide. The objective of this study is to monitor the physiological and biochemical responses to water-deficit stress in seedlings of two G. max cultivars (i.e. Forrest and Essex). The responses measured are: 1) relative water content (RWC), 2) net photosynthesis, 3) stomatal conductance, 3) evaporation rate, 4) water use efficiency (WUE), 5) radiation use efficiency (RUE) and 6) trigonelline accumulation. Trigonelline is a secondary compound known to accumulate in soybean in response to salinity- and water-deficit-stress. 14 day-old seedlings of Forrest (cv.) and Essex (cv.) were grown on open benches in the SIUC greenhouse and water was withheld for six days (i.e.15-to-20 DAP). During the treatment, RWC declined in both cultivars—from 89 to 41% in Essex and 83 to 60% in Forrest. Concomitantly, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, evaporation rate, WUE and RUE also declined in both cultivars. As RWC declined, the amount of trigonelline increased in both cultivars—from 2.3 to 5.34 OD gFW-1 in Essex and 2.3 to 6.63 OD gFW -1 in Forrest. The data supports the idea that trigonelline may function as a compatible solute and that confirms the hypothesis that trigonelline is a biomarker for plant water status.
Molecular And Physiological Responses Of Soybean Glycine Max To Cold And The Stress Hormone Ethylene
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Author : Jennifer Dawn Robison
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Molecular And Physiological Responses Of Soybean Glycine Max To Cold And The Stress Hormone Ethylene written by Jennifer Dawn Robison and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Abiotic stresses, such as cold, are serious agricultural problems resulting in substantial crop and revenue losses. Soybean (Glycine max) is an important worldwide crop for food, feed, fuel, and other products. Soybean has long been considered to be cold-intolerant and incapable of cold acclimation. In contrast to these reports, this study demonstrates that cold acclimation improved freezing tolerance in the domestic soybean cultivar 'Williams 82' with 50% enhancement of freezing tolerance after 5.2 +\- 0.6 days of cold exposure. Decreases in light dependent photosynthetic function and efficiency accompanied cold treatment. These decreases were due to an increase in photon dissipation likely driven by a decrease in plastoquinone (PQ) pool size limiting electron flow from photosystem II (PSII) to photosystem I (PSI). Cold-induced damage to operational photosynthesis began at 25 minutes of cold exposure and maximal photosynthesis was disrupted after 6 to 7 hours of cold exposure. Cold exposure caused severe photodamage leading to the loss of PSII reaction centers and photosynthetic efficiency. Comparisons of eight cultivars of G. max demonstrated a weak correlation between cold acclimation and northern cultivars versus southern cultivars. In the non-domesticated soybean species Glycine soja, the germination rate after cold imbibition was positively correlated with seedling cold acclimation potential. However, the overall cold acclimation potential in G. soja was equal to that of domestic soybean G. max reducing the enthusiasm for the "wild" soybean as an additional source of genetic diversity for cold tolerance. Despite being relatively cold intolerant, the soybean genome possesses homologs of the major cold responsive CBF/DREB1 transcription factors. These genes are cold-induced in soybean in a similar pattern to that of the cold tolerant model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, EIN3, a major component of the ethylene signaling pathway, is a negative transcriptional regulator of CBF/DREB1. In contrast to AtEIN3 transcript levels which do not change during cold treatment in Arabidopsis, we observed a cold-dependent 3.6 fold increase in GmEIN3 transcript levels in soybean. We hypothesized that this increase could prevent effective CBF/DREB1 cold regulation in soybean. Analysis of our newly developed cold responsive reporter (AtRD29Aprom::GFP/GUS) soybean transgenic lines demonstrated that inhibition of the ethylene pathway via foliar sprays (AVG, 1-MCP, and silver nitrate) resulted in significant cold-induced GUS activity. Transcripts of GmEIN3A;1 increased in response to ethylene pathway stimulation (ACC and ethephon) and decreased in response to ethylene pathway inhibition in the cold. Additionally, in the cold, inhibition of the ethylene pathway resulted in a significant increase in transcripts of GmDREB1A;1 and GmDREB1A;2 and stimulation of the ethylene pathway led to a decrease in GmDREB1A;1 and GmDREB1B;1 transcripts. To assess the physiological effects of these transcriptional changes; electrolyte leakage, lipid oxidation, free proline content, and photosynthesis were examined. Improvement in electrolyte leakage, a measure of freezing tolerance, was seen only under silver nitrate treatment. Only 1-MCP treatment resulted in significantly decreased lipid oxidation. Transcripts for CBF/DREB1 downstream targets (containing the consensus CRT/DRE motifs) significantly decreased in plants treated with ethylene pathway stimulators in the cold; however, ethylene pathway inhibition generally produced no increase over basal cold levels. To identify if GmEIN3A;1 was capable of binding to GmDREB1 promoters, the negative regulator GmEIN3A;1 and the positive regulator GmICE1A were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Preliminary binding results indicated that GmEIN3A;1 can bind to a double stranded section of the GmDREB1A;1 promoter containing putative EIN3 and ICE1 binding sites. GmICE1A is capable of binding to the same section of the GmDREB1A;1 promoter, though only when single stranded. Additional experiments will be required to demonstrate that GmEIN3A;1 and GmICE1A are capable of binding to the GmDREB1A;1 promoter and this work provides the tools to answer these questions. Overall, this work provides evidence that the ethylene pathway transcriptionally inhibits the CBF/DREB1 pathway in soybean through the action of GmEIN3A;1. Yet when GmCBF/DREB1 transcripts are upregulated by ethylene pathway inhibition, no consistent change in downstream targets was observed. These data indicate that the limitation in cold tolerance in soybean is due to a yet unidentified target downstream of CBF/DREB1 transcription
World Soybean Research Conference V
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Author : Nantawan Sarobol
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
World Soybean Research Conference V written by Nantawan Sarobol and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Soybean categories.
Genetic improvement. Biotechnology. Crop protection. Crop science. Technology utilization. Technology Adoption. Variability, heritability, path-analysis and genetic divergence in soybean. Induction of mutation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) for improvement of plant characteristics and protein content. Gamma irradiation effects on dwarfing and earlying gene controlled characters in soybean. Uses of foreign soybean genetic resources in northern Japan. Collection, conservation and evaluation of soybean genetic resources in China. Study on inheritance of salt tolerance in soybean. Soybean production in the past and prospects for the future in Nepal. Protein analysis: A case study in Adzuki bean. Correlations between genotypic and cultural factors on protein and oil contents and fatty acid composition of soybean seeds. Study on systematics of Glycine with RAPD fingerprinting. Stability of soybean yield performance in regional trial in Korea. Genetic improvement of saponin components in soybean seed. Chiang Mai 1: Vegetable soybean. Soybean breeding in the savannas of Brazil: Contributions and prospects. Study on the relationship between isozymes and geographical distribution and evolution of three soybean species. A new soybean promising line selected for multiple disease resistance and increased yield. Yield stability of commercial soybean varieties. Development of soybean mutants with radiation of Co60 gamma rays. New soybean variety BY17 bred with chemical mutagenesis. Identification of markers associated with plant characteristics in soybean using synthetic primers of known genes. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de Bary, of soybean: Methods of detection of resistant cultivars and their disease losses. Late season soybean fungal diseases in the pergamino region (Province of Buenos Aires-Argentina) during 1992 and 1993. Soybean yield losses associated with sudden death syndrome symptoms at beginning seed growth stage. Loss estimation due to stem canker in northern Buenos Aires Province-Argentina. Cultivar responses to sudden death syndrome of soybean. Assessment of soilborne diseases components in Iowa. Survival and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines preserved in dried disease soybean leaves. Dissemination of soybean diseases in dry season in north eastern part of Thailand. Relationship of Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines and Colletotrichum truncatum on soybean defoliation. Induction of the teliospore germination of soybean rust fungus (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.). Effect of soybean variety on damage caused by Nezara viridula (L.). Reaction of soybeans to single and double inoculation with different soybean mosaic virus strains. Development of the new methods for ecological study of soybean bacterial pustule: An artificial inoculation method of soybean seed with Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines for inducing disease expression. Biology and yield loss of soybean caused by pod sucking bug, Riptortus linearis F. Methods for inoculation of soybean anthracnose. Mechanisms controlling soybean rust tolerance and their roles on disease management. Chemical weed control in dry season No-tilled soybean in northern Thailand. Appraisal of losses due to frog eye leaf spot Cercospora sojina in soybean. Control of seed-borne Colletotrichum truncatum of soybean. Variation among isolates of Colletotrichum truncatum in Thailand. Survey on rodent pest species of soybean in Thailand. Biological control of seed rot and damping-off of vegetable soybean caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. Distinction among and within some species of nematodes affecting soybeans using DNA amplification fingerprinting. Difference between ability disappearance and stoppage of internode elongation in soybean plants. Performance of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant strains in nile valley vertisols. Leaf area estimation for soybean. Response of soybean to Rhizobium and organic amendments in acid soils. Aluminum induced variations on nitrogen fixation rates and specific nodule proteins among vegetable soybean germplasm. Interactions between strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and soybean varieties. Lignite based inoculant for soybean. Harvest index of different soybean genotypes. Source-sink alteration and assimilate translocation in soybean plants. DRy matter accumulation in soybean. Water stress during flowering. Performance of exotic soybean varieties in Bangladesh. Stability analysis for oil and protein in soybean varieties. Modeling for protein and oil content in soybean seed. Dinitrogen fixation, protein content and yield in soybean. Effect of late nitrogen fertilisation in soybean on some physiological and productive parameters. Leaf fluorescence and nitrogen nutrition in soybean. Effect of storage environment and containers on soyabean seed longevity in the humid tropics. Foliar-applied methanol and nitrogen effects on soybean productivity. Effect of varying environments and water stress intervals on soybean yield, composition, and protein quality. Gamma ray induced seed coat colour and weight variations in soyabean. Gamma induced nonsenescing-reflowering mutants in soybean. Effect of planting time and population on growth and grain yield of soybean. Soybean response to exogenous application of epibrassinolide and kinetin. Aldehyde production and physiological quality of soybean seeds lacking lipoxygenase isozymes. Genotypic variation on seed storage potential in soyabean. Soybean response to intercropping in Tohoku region. Development and production of hardseeded soybean. A new and improved soybean simulation model: CROPGRO-SOYBEAN. Soybean seed quality and storability as affected by plant population densities. Soybean in the mekong delta: Current situation of production and research direction. Water absorption as related to soybean characteristics. Processing and evaluation of defatted soyflour curry mix. Utilization of defatted soy flour for convenience foods. Acceptability of soya based south Indian recipes. Developing a simple test to estimate whole saponin content of soybean seed by measurement of hemolytic activity. Food safety evaluation of soybean tempeh. A study on isoflavones from tempeh. Studies on tempeh-A high protein soyfood. Feeding trials using rats on soybean hypocotyl diets for soybean saponin analyses. Antioxidant-, and SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) like-, activities of soybean DDMP saponins. Instability of DDMP saponins and their composition in subgenus soja. Behavior and chemiluminescence of DDMP saponins on the germination of soybean. Effect of acid-protease on nutritive value of soymilk from fermented soybean. Tempeh processing from soymilk residue and the use in traditional thai foods. Soybean production and utilization in south Vietnam. Home-level perparation, nutrients content and acceptability of soy-corn milk. Soybean growers and mechanization situation. Performance of rice reaper and reaper binder in harvesting soybean. Modification of a rice reaper for soybean harvesting.
Physiological And Developmental Responses Of Normal And Dense Pubescent Soybeans Glycine Max L Merr To Water Stress
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Author : Gandoul I. Gandoul
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Physiological And Developmental Responses Of Normal And Dense Pubescent Soybeans Glycine Max L Merr To Water Stress written by Gandoul I. Gandoul and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Bibliography Of Agriculture
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Bibliography Of Agriculture written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Agriculture categories.
Bibliography Of Agriculture With Subject Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Bibliography Of Agriculture With Subject Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Agriculture categories.
The Soybean
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Author : Guriqbal Singh
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2010
The Soybean written by Guriqbal Singh and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Cooking categories.
The soybean is a crop of global importance and is one of most frequently cultivated crops worldwide. It is rich in oil and protein, used for human and animal consumption as well as for industrial purposes. Soybean plants also play an important role in crop diversification and benefit the growth of other crops, adding nitrogen to the soil during crop rotation. With contributions from eminent researchers from around the world, The Soybean provides a concise coverage of all aspects of this important crop, including genetics and physiology, varietal improvement, production and protection technology, utilization and nutritional value.
A Comprehensive Survey Of International Soybean Research
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Author : James Board
language : en
Publisher: IntechOpen
Release Date : 2013-01-02
A Comprehensive Survey Of International Soybean Research written by James Board and has been published by IntechOpen this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Soybean is the most important oilseed and livestock feed crop in the world. These dual uses are attributed to the crop's high protein content (nearly 40% of seed weight) and oil content (approximately 20%); characteristics that are not rivaled by any other agronomic crop. Across the 10-year period from 2001 to 2010, world soybean production increased from 168 to 258 million metric tons (54% increase). Against the backdrop of soybean's striking ascendancy is increased research interest in the crop throughout the world. Information in this book presents a comprehensive view of research efforts in genetics, plant physiology, agronomy, agricultural economics, and nitrogen relationships that will benefit soybean stakeholders and scientists throughout the world. We hope you enjoy the book.
Plant Abiotic Stress And Responses To Climate Change
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Author : Violeta Andjelkovic
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-05-23
Plant Abiotic Stress And Responses To Climate Change written by Violeta Andjelkovic and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-23 with Medical categories.
Climate change is a serious problem influencing agricultural production worldwide and challenging researchers to investigate plant responses and to breed crops for the changed growing conditions. Abiotic stresses are the most important for crop production, affecting about 96.5% of arable land worldwide. These stress factors include high and low temperature, water deficit (drought) and flooding, salinity, heavy metals, UV radiation, light, chemical pollutants, and so on. Since some of the stresses occurred simultaneously, such as heat and water deficit, causing the interactions of physiological processes, novel multidisciplinary solutions are needed. This book provides an overview of the present state in the research of abiotic stresses and molecular, biochemical, and whole plant responses, helping to prevent the negative impact of global climate change.
Crop Stress And Its Management Perspectives And Strategies
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Author : B. Venkateswarlu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-22
Crop Stress And Its Management Perspectives And Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.