Polymer Grafting And Crosslinking
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Polymer Grafting And Crosslinking
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Author : Amit Bhattacharya
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-12-01
Polymer Grafting And Crosslinking written by Amit Bhattacharya and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Rapid advances in technology require materials with improved property profiles. Polymer modification using grafting and crosslinking are key ways to achieve this in an economical way and without the need for developing new materials. Often widely disparate and in a number of references, practical information on polymer grafting and crosslinking is now available in one volume. Researchers seeking information that bridges the knowledge gap between the scientific principles and industrial applications of polymer crosslinking and grafting will find coverage on the basic science, the methodologies, and a focus on the specific techniques used in a variety of industrial applications such as automotive, laminates, paints, adhesives, and cable. Coverage also includes potential biomedical applications. Descriptions of analytical tools that can be used to evaluate the results are also included.
Recent Advances In Polymer Blends Grafts And Blocks
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Author : L. Sperling
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Recent Advances In Polymer Blends Grafts And Blocks written by L. Sperling and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Polymer blends, grafts, and blocks, broadly defined, encompass all of the ways in which two or more kinds of poly mer molecules can be mixed and/or joined. Because these mate rials exhibit non-linear and often synergistic properties, they have found increasing application in our technology. Their multifarious uses have, in turn, spurred new research efforts, to find yet different ways of joining two kinds of polymer molecules, with novel physical and/or mechanical behavior patterns. In August, 1973, the Polymer Division of the American Chemical Society sponsored a symposium at its meeting in Chi cago on Polymer Blends, Grafts, and Blocks. This book collects the papers presented at that symposium. Yet, it is more than just a collection of papers, for we here display the thinking and efforts of a number of top-ranking American and foreign scientists in one of the world's more active research areas. The symposium emphasized the interrelationships among synthetic detail, morphology, and physical and mechanical properties. Several novel syntheses were presented. These include oxidation resistant thermoplastic elastomers (Holden), a graft copolymer based thermoplastic elastomer (Kennedy and Smith), a cationic graft copolymer (Kennedy, Charles, and Davidson), an AB crosslinked copolymer (Bamford and Eastmond), an interpenetrating polymer network (Donatelli, Thomas, and Sperling), and simultaneous interpenetrating networks (Frisch, Klempner, Frisch, and Ghiradella). Most polymer blends, grafts, and blocks exhibit two phases. The theory of microdomain structure was discussed (Helfand). The different ways that the two molecules can be joined together was examined (Kenney), and their topology was explored (Sperling).
Radiation Effects In Crosslinking In Polymeric Systems
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Author : George Odian
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Radiation Effects In Crosslinking In Polymeric Systems written by George Odian and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with categories.
The paper outlines research findings on a project involving the elucidation of the process of radiation-induced graft polymerization of monomer to polymer. The quantitative interrelationships of the initiation rate, the k(p)/(k(+) to the 1/2 power) ratio for the monomer, the equilibrium solubility of the monomer in the polymer, the polymer film thickness, the reaction time, and the diffusivity of the monomer in the polymer were investigated. Work on the project has given a mathematic analysis of the grafting reaction and its exact dependence on these factors. Equations show quantitatively how the various parameters in any grafting system interact to lead to diffusion-controlled graft polymerization.
Crosslinking In Materials Science
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Author : Akihiro Abe
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-09-01
Crosslinking In Materials Science written by Akihiro Abe and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-09-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and materials science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered. Impact Factor Ranking: Always number one in Polymer Science. More information as well as the electronic version of the whole content available at: www.springerlink.com
Design Of New Polyester Architectures Through Copolymerization Crosslinking And Diels Alder Grafting
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Author : Marian Vargas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Design Of New Polyester Architectures Through Copolymerization Crosslinking And Diels Alder Grafting written by Marian Vargas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Copolymers categories.
The compound 2,6-anthracenedicarboxylic acid is used as a comonomer for the synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate). The resulting copolymers are characterized and further functionalized by Diels-Alder grafting or crosslinking through the anthracenate unit. Diels-Alder reaction is used to graft small molecules and oligomers endcapped with maleimide as dienophiles on to poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-2,6-anthracenedicarboxylate), PET-co-A. Maleimide-capped poly(ethylene glycol) is grafted onto PET-co-A to improved its hydrophilicity. 2,6-Anthracenedicarboxylic acid is also incorporated into the known liquid crystalline polymer, LCP, poly(4-oxybenzoate-co-1,4-phenylene isophthalate), HIQ40. The resulting copolymer, poly(4-oxybenzoate-co-1,4-phenylene isophthalate-co-2,6-phenylene anthracenate), HIQ40-co-A, shows LCP behavior. These HIQ40-co-A copolymers are grafted with maleimide end-capped monomers and polymers andcrosslinked with bismaleimides through a Diels-Alder mechanism.
Graft Polymerization Of Polyethylene By Gamma Ray
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Author : Masatosi Miura
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1961
Graft Polymerization Of Polyethylene By Gamma Ray written by Masatosi Miura and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1961 with Gamma rays categories.
Handbook Of Polymer Synthesis Characterization And Processing
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Author : Enrique Saldivar-Guerra
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-02-28
Handbook Of Polymer Synthesis Characterization And Processing written by Enrique Saldivar-Guerra and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Covering a broad range of polymer science topics, Handbook of Polymer Synthesis, Characterization, and Processing provides polymer industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive handbook summarizing all aspects involved in the polymer production chain. The handbook focuses on industrially important polymers, analytical techniques, and formulation methods, with chapters covering step-growth, radical, and co-polymerization, crosslinking and grafting, reaction engineering, advanced technology applications, including conjugated, dendritic, and nanomaterial polymers and emulsions, and characterization methods, including spectroscopy, light scattering, and microscopy.
Block And Graft Copolymers
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Author : R. J. Ceresa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
Block And Graft Copolymers written by R. J. Ceresa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Block copolymers categories.
Polymer Grafting Of Unsaturated Polymers To Provide New Material Properties
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Author : Vincent Torres
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Polymer Grafting Of Unsaturated Polymers To Provide New Material Properties written by Vincent Torres and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Polymer materials are prevalent in society for a number of reasons such as a wide range of properties that have found uses in a many applications. Furthermore, polymer materials are much cheaper to synthesize and process into materials as compared to inorganic materials. However, the issues associated with plastic pollution are an ever-growing problem. To this end, to combat the current global waste disposal issues, new solutions are necessary to convert plastic waste into desirable and useful materials. Post-polymerization functionalization is an important set of chemistry techniques to modify as-synthesized polymers to find uses in different applications. The primary scope of this dissertation work is to investigate methods of post-polymerization functionalization of unsaturated polymers, utilizing their allylic carbons, with the goal of finding new and effective methods of valorization for commercially available polymers. This dissertation starts with two studies on using in-situ polymerization to graft poly(styrene) (PS) from the midblock of poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS). The highlighted chemistry uses benzoyl peroxide as an allylic hydrogen abstractor, forming an allylic radical on the backbone of SBS, which then polymerizes styrene monomer. For the samples in this study, the SBS was dissolved in styrene monomer at various volume fractions of SBS ([phi]SBS), ranging from 50% SBS / 50% styrene monomer ([phi]SBS = 50%) down to 10% SBS / 90% styrene monomer ([phi]SBS = 10%). It was first shown that after the polymerization, a nanostructural transition was observed from disordered spheres of the neat SBS to lamellar and coexisting lamellar/disordered spheres after grafting. The samples were then subjected to tensile analysis where it was found that all grafted samples outperformed the neat SBS, with the sample with an initial volume fraction of SBS being 30% ([phi]SBS = 30%) achieving the highest tensile strength and yield strength. It was hypothesized that these changes in mechanical properties were due to polymer grafting and not the increase of PS wt% within the samples. The PS grafted SBS samples were then further analyzed via in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) during uniaxial extension. For the neat SBS, there was minimal change in the SAXS pattern during deformation until ~140% strain, at which the sample began to disorder until failure. It is hypothesized that the SBS, with an initial disordered spheres morphology, experiences a simple chain pull-out mechanism during deformation, which leads it to failure. For [phi]SBS = 30%, which initially had a lamellar morphology, the deformation was more complex. It was determined that during strain, the randomly oriented lamellae underwent a preferred deformation -- the lamellae grains oriented parallel to the strain direction experienced a decrease in domain spacing while the grains oriented perpendicular experienced higher domain spacings. At a certain point, the perpendicularly oriented lamellar are torn apart, leading to formation of micro-fibrils, similar to poly(ethylene). Furthermore, it is believed that due to the polymer grafting, the PS grafts act as anchor points which help to strengthen the material from chain pull-out, despite the nanostructure being lamellar. Due to the limitations of the in-situ polymerization chemistry, such as being unable to control any aspect of the polymer grafting (graft density and graft Mn¬) as well as crosslinking of the final product due to the free radical chemistry, a new method of allylic bromination and atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was developed. This method offers a new way to control graft density and graft Mn. In this study, three polymers were investigated: poly(cyclooctadiene) (PCOD), poly(butadiene), and SBS. It was shown in this study that the graft density can effectively be tuned by changing the molar ratio of N-bromosuccinimide to the unsaturated polymer. Furthermore, it was also shown that the graft Mn was tuned by changing the reaction time, where longer times allowed for higher Mn values. This chemistry is being tested for uses such as changing mechanical properties of polymers as well as the surface chemistry properties of films. Overall, the methods shown in this dissertation provide insight into various methods of post-polymerization functionalization to repurpose commercially available unsaturated polymers for potential valorization.
Innovative Polymeric Adsorbents
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Author : Kyoichi Saito
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-04-05
Innovative Polymeric Adsorbents written by Kyoichi Saito and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents the reader with a story-based narrative of discovery and development of radiation-induced graft polymerization. The report presented here accomplishes this by relating the inspiring account of research and development based on long-term collaboration among a professor, an engineer, and an entrepreneur. Their goal, ultimately successful, was to come up with a method for grafting functional polymer chains onto existing trunk polymers. The desired outcome was to produce feasible forms for practical use as adsorbents such as porous hollow-fiber membranes, porous sheets, nonwoven fabrics, and fibers. Adsorbents that specifically and efficiently bind to target ions and molecules are essential for capturing uranium species in seawater and antibody drugs in biological fluids and for removing metal ions from ultrapure water and radioactive cesium ions from contaminated water. This unique volume, with its clearly written text and many illustrative figures and diagrams, demonstrates the advantages of the high-adsorption capacity and rate and the easy handling of new polymeric adsorbents over conventional adsorbents. The dynamic behavior of graft chains as described here is certain to appeal especially to chemists, physicists, and material scientists as well as to other readers with an interest in this valuable subject.