Positive Strand Rna Viruses
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Positive Strand Rna Viruses
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Author : Margo A. Brinton
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Positive Strand Rna Viruses written by Margo A. Brinton and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
Positive-strand RNA viruses include the majority of the plant viruses, a number of insect viruses, and animal viruses, such as coronaviruses, togaviruses, flaviviruses, poliovirus, hepatitis C, and rhinoviruses. Works from more than 50 leading laboratories represent latest research on strategies for the control of virus diseases: molecular aspects of pathogenesis and virulence; genome replication and transcription; RNA recombination; RNA-protein interactions and host-virus interactions; protein expression and virion maturation; RNA replication; virus receptors; and virus structure and assembly. Highlights include analysis of the picornavirus IRES element, evidence for long term persistence of viral RNA in host cells, acquisition of new genes from the host and other viruses via copy-choice recombination, identification of molecular targets and use of structural and molecular biological studies for development of novel antiviral agents.
New Aspects Of Positive Strand Rna Viruses
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Author : Margo A. Brinton
language : en
Publisher: ASM Press
Release Date : 1990
New Aspects Of Positive Strand Rna Viruses written by Margo A. Brinton and has been published by ASM Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Science categories.
General overviews and minireviews on specific viruses and properties combine to present a broad range of current findings.
Positive Strand Rna Viruses
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Author : Margo A. Brinton
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1994-03-16
Positive Strand Rna Viruses written by Margo A. Brinton and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-03-16 with Medical categories.
Positive-strand RNA viruses include the majority of the plant viruses, a number of insect viruses, and animal viruses, such as coronaviruses, togaviruses, flaviviruses, poliovirus, hepatitis C, and rhinoviruses. Works from more than 50 leading laboratories represent latest research on strategies for the control of virus diseases: molecular aspects of pathogenesis and virulence; genome replication and transcription; RNA recombination; RNA-protein interactions and host-virus interactions; protein expression and virion maturation; RNA replication; virus receptors; and virus structure and assembly. Highlights include analysis of the picornavirus IRES element, evidence for long term persistence of viral RNA in host cells, acquisition of new genes from the host and other viruses via copy-choice recombination, identification of molecular targets and use of structural and molecular biological studies for development of novel antiviral agents.
Positive Strand Rna Viruses
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Author : Margo A. Brinton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Positive Strand Rna Viruses written by Margo A. Brinton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Science categories.
Identification Of Novel Positive Strand Rna Viruses By Metagenomic Analysis Of Archaea Dominated Yellowstone Hot Springs
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Author : Benjamin Bolduc
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Identification Of Novel Positive Strand Rna Viruses By Metagenomic Analysis Of Archaea Dominated Yellowstone Hot Springs written by Benjamin Bolduc and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Archaebacteria categories.
There are no known RNA viruses that infect Archaea. Filling this gap in our knowledge of viruses will enhance our understanding of the relationships between RNA viruses from the three domains of cellular life and, in particular, could shed light on the origin of the enormous diversity of RNA viruses infecting eukaryotes. We describe here the identification of novel RNA viral genome segments from high-temperature acidic hot springs in Yellowstone National Park in the United States. These hot springs harbor low-complexity cellular communities dominated by several species of hyperthermophilic Archaea. A viral metagenomics approach was taken to assemble segments of these RNA virus genomes from viral populations isolated directly from hot spring samples. Analysis of these RNA metagenomes demonstrated unique gene content that is not generally related to known RNA viruses of Bacteria and Eukarya. However, genes for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a hallmark of positive-strand RNA viruses, were identified in two contigs. One of these contigs is approximately 5,600 nucleotides in length and encodes a polyprotein that also contains a region homologous to the capsid protein of nodaviruses, tetraviruses, and birnaviruses. Phylogenetic analyses of the RdRps encoded in these contigs indicate that the putative archaeal viruses form a unique group that is distinct from the RdRps of RNA viruses of Eukarya and Bacteria. Collectively, our findings suggest the existence of novel positive-strand RNA viruses that probably replicate in hyperthermophilic archaeal hosts and are highly divergent from RNA viruses that infect eukaryotes and even more distant from known bacterial RNA viruses. These positive-strand RNA viruses might be direct ancestors of RNA viruses of eukaryotes.
The Molecular Biology Of The Positive Strand Rna Viruses
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Author : D. J. Rowlands
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
The Molecular Biology Of The Positive Strand Rna Viruses written by D. J. Rowlands and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Science categories.
Dynamics Of Positive Strand Rna Viruses
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Author : Huicheng Shi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Dynamics Of Positive Strand Rna Viruses written by Huicheng Shi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
A major impact of viruses on humans is that they cause a variety of diseases including AIDS, flu, cancer, the common cold, and most recently, COVID-19. For many of the diseases, there are no vaccines or treatments. To develop the therapeutics, it is necessary to understand the growth of viruses in their native environment, host cells. The complexity of this environment adds difficulties to the comprehension of the viruses. Most research efforts focus on the molecular mechanisms behind the virus-host cell interactions and organ or the clinical level response of infected subjects, but relatively less attention has been paid to the middle of the spectrum, the spread of virus infection over multiple infection cycles, especially in a manner that is both dynamic and quantitative. To help mitigate the gap in our knowledge, we develop here experimental and computational methods to research the viral dynamics of two positive-strand RNA viruses within and beyond the single cycle.First, viral protein expression dynamics were measured utilizing a recombinant reporter strain of human rhinovirus A16 (RV-A16) infecting HeLa cells as an example. Rhinovirus is a positive-strand RNA virus, and its infection causes the common cold, which is frequent in both adults and children. No antiviral has been approved to treat rhinovirus infection, so researchers are interested in host factors involved in rhinovirus infection as potential therapeutic targets. In our study, infected cells were automatically imaged over time to detect the fluorescence level from the reporter virus, which is a measurement of viral protein expression. A set of parameters were defined to describe the timing and magnitude of the viral protein expression dynamics. The numbers of fluorescent positive cells detected in the same frames over differently treated cells depict the susceptibility under different conditions. Cells treated with a translation inhibitor had a lower susceptibility and those that were infected were slower in the timing of viral protein expression. Cells in different stages of the cell cycle were similarly susceptible to infection and displayed similar viral protein dynamics. Serum starvation reduced the susceptibility but did not change the viral protein expression in the first cycle of infection. However, for the second cycle, the infection in serum-starved cells was earlier. If the mechanisms behind the serum related phenomena can be identified, drugs to promote resistance to or slow the spread of rhinovirus might be discovered. The discovery of the phenomena would not be possible without the study of the multi-cycle dynamics of the rhinovirus with this reporter strain. The second example was the single-cycle and multi-cycle virus growth dynamics of another positive-strand RNA virus, the Zika virus. We are concerned about the Zika virus because its infection in pregnant women increases the risk of defects in newborns. Two strains of the Zika virus that belong to different lineages were used to infect the Vero cells respectively. Their infection dynamics not only characterize the distinction between the two lineages but also help identify optimization strategies for vaccine production. In single-cycle infections, the infection of African strain resulted in slower virus production till 20 hours post-infection (h.p.i.) but higher final virus titer. These agree with the viral protein expression measured by immunocytochemical staining and fluorescent microscopy that cells infected by the African strain had a lower fluorescent positive rate and a lower mean intensity at the early stage. For multi-cycle infections, both strains had similar dynamics, but the African strain had a higher titer. The African strain had a lower extracellular degradation rate in comparison to the Asian strain. Finally, the growth curves of the Zika virus were fitted by ordinary differential equation (ODE) models using three models of delay: fixed, exponential-distributed, and gamma-distributed. For single-cycle growth, the fixed delay model recapitulated the growth of both strains without contradicting cell death curves. The models did not perform ideally for multi-cycle growth. The fixed and exponential-distributed delay models worked the best for the African and the Asian strains, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that changing the degradation of the virus has the largest effect on the titer, which is worth noticing in vaccine production. The models promote our comprehension of the growth kinetics of the Zika virus and can be applied to understand the effect of antivirals and optimize vaccine production processes. Overall, the methods here demonstrated the potential of image-based quantitative measurements and mathematical models in analyzing single-cycle and multi-cycle positive-strand RNA virus infection. This work also provides a basis for further quantitative studies of virus-host interaction at the tissue level.
Rna Viruses
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Author : Alan Cann
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2000-05-04
Rna Viruses written by Alan Cann and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-05-04 with Science categories.
RNA Viruses: A Practical Approach is wide ranging in scope, from emerging technology such as reverse genetics and retrovirus vectors, to money saving tips - how to make your own silica particles for high efficiency RNA extraction and liposomes for cell transfection! Chapter one covers the fundamentals of investigating RNA virus genome structure at a molecular level. Chapters two and three describe techniques for mutagenesis of RNA genomes and analysis of transcription. Chapter four deals with RNA virus-encoded proteinases, an important aspect of the control of RNA virus gene expression. Chapter five considers retrovirus oncogenesis and chapter six analysis of RNA virus quasispecies. Chapter seven describes systems for investigation of in vitro replication of positive-stranded viruses and chapter eight the packaging of RNA virus genomes. In addition to the technical aspects of reverse genetics and retrovirus vectors, both of the final two chapters also consider ethical aspects of these new technologies.
Multiplication Of Rna Plant Viruses
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Author : Chundi L. Mandahar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-09-05
Multiplication Of Rna Plant Viruses written by Chundi L. Mandahar and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-09-05 with Science categories.
Biochemical studies on plant virus RNA replication have advanced considerably since 2000, primarily because of new genetic, molecular, biochemical, and enzymatic studies. This book generates understanding of multiplication of plus-sense RNA plant viruses, especially at molecular level. Certain virus-encoded essential proteins, nucleotide sequence motifs, and RNA secondary structures are central to virus RNA replication, which has a number of stages. Each is a complex phenomenon requiring specific factors and conditions.
Negative Strand Rna Virus
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Author : Ming Luo
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2011
Negative Strand Rna Virus written by Ming Luo and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Science categories.
Negative strand RNA viruses have a unique mechanism of replication. Their genome is a single strand RNA that has to be transcribed as soon as the virus enters the host in order to carry out viral replication. As a result, a viral-specific RNA polymerase is packaged in the virion and is ready for transcription after virus entry. This novel replication mechanism dictates the assembly and RNA synthesis of negative strand RNA viruses. In recent years, many discoveries have been made with regard to the entry, replication and assembly of this class of viruses. This book will present updated coverage of the fundamental knowledge about negative strand RNA viruses.