Post 9 11 Response Of Indonesia And The Philippines On Terrorism
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Post 9 11 Response Of Indonesia And The Philippines On Terrorism
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Author : Nana Yuliana
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Post 9 11 Response Of Indonesia And The Philippines On Terrorism written by Nana Yuliana and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
The attacks of the World Trade Center (WTC) in New york and the Pentagon in Washington on 11 September 2001, otherwise known as the 9/11 attacks, were considered to be acts of terrorism. Since then, the issue of terrorism is predominantly discussed in the international arena which includes Indonesia and the Philippines. Indeed, Indonesia and the Philippines experienced terrorism attacks before and after 9/11. In 2001 up to December 2004, there were 14 bombings in Indonesia which included the bombings in Bali, at the JW Marriot Hotel, and in front of the Australian Embassy in Jakarta. Meanwhile, the Philippines reported 25 bombing incidents since the 9/11 attack in 2001 until April 2003. They were among others, the 2 October 2002 bombing in Zamboanga City Sasa Wharf. Apart from bombings, the Philippines also experienced kidnapping as a mode of terrorism act. As counter terrorism response, both governments of Indonesia and the Philippines have taken policies and measures that would minimize if not eradicate the acts of terrorism. This study presented the historical roots of terrorism, and the profile of terrorist organizations, including suspected terrorists/terrorist groups considered to have link with the Al-Jama'ah Al-Islamiyah and the and the Al-Qaeda. It also gave a comparative analysis on policies and measures adopted by both countries vis-a-vis their effectiveness on the business sector. Primary date were collected through questionnaires and interviews of government officials in Indonesia and the Philippines who are directly involved in policies on counter terrorism. Also, the members of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI) and the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and industry (KADIN) as well as other business people for the impact of counter terrorism policies on the business sector. The bombing and kidnapping perpetrators, presently detained in Muntinlupa at the Maximum Penalty Jail were also considered as respondents of the survey and were likewise given questionnaires. Secondary data were collected from related studies on the matter published on books, journals, and newspapers considered by the researcher for the study. Using the 'Macro-Causal Analysis' as part of a comparative historical analysis proposed by Skocpol, the findings of the study indicated that there were some similarities on the historical roots of terrorism in both countries which are: (1) the use of religion as part of their political ideology; and (2) the willingness to establish an Islamic state with the implementation of the Islamic Shari'a Law. The differences were discovered in the policies on counter terrorism in Indonesia and in the Philippines, due to different society background, the type of terrorist groups, the historical relationship of each country with other countries, and the foreign policy direction. Indonesia emphasized the lealistic aspects, repressive response and bilateral as well as multilateral cooperation. Whereas, the Philippines used military force, repressive response, conciliatory process, legalistic aspects as well as through bilateral relations especially with the US and multilateral cooperation. In finding out the effectiveness of counter terrorism policies in the business sector, the researcher used four (4) indicators i.e. whether the policies on counter terrorism would (1) lessen the frequency of terrorist attacks; (2) increase business activities; (3) prevent the capital flight to overseas; and, (4) increase the flow of foreign direct investments. The result is hypothesized that for Indonesia, counter, counter terrorism policies are not the only determinant to improve its economic condition. Currently, Indonesia is still recovering from the pangs of the 1997 Asian economic crisis. On the Philippine side, it is predicted that its policies on counter terrorism have a lot of impact for the betterment of the business sector.
Terrorism In Indonesia After Islamic State
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Author : Quinton Temby
language : en
Publisher: Iseas - Yusof Ishak Institute
Release Date : 2020
Terrorism In Indonesia After Islamic State written by Quinton Temby and has been published by Iseas - Yusof Ishak Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with History categories.
The emergence of the Islamic State (IS) movement in Indonesia in 2014 re-energized violent extremism in Indonesia. As a result of effective counterterrorism policing, however, IS networks have been decimated and the structure of jihadism in Indonesia has shifted from organizations to autonomous networks and cells, increasingly organized via the Internet. Although support for violent extremism in Indonesia remains marginal, cells of IS followers maintain a low-level capacity to conduct lethal attacks against civilian and government targets. Most IS operations in Indonesia are sporadic and low-level attacks against the Indonesian police. Religious minorities have also been high-profile targets, as in the Surabaya church suicide bombings of 13 May 2018. There are some indications, however, of militants' renewed interest in attacking foreign targets, such as tourists on the resort island of Bali.
Customary International Law In Times Of Fundamental Change
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Author : Michael P. Scharf
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-05-31
Customary International Law In Times Of Fundamental Change written by Michael P. Scharf and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-31 with Law categories.
This is the first book to explore the concept of 'Grotian Moments'. Named for Hugo Grotius, whose masterpiece De jure belli ac pacis helped marshal in the modern system of international law, Grotian Moments are transformative developments that generate the unique conditions for accelerated formation of customary international law. In periods of fundamental change, whether by technological advances, the commission of new forms of crimes against humanity, or the development of new means of warfare or terrorism, customary international law may form much more rapidly and with less state practice than is normally the case to keep up with the pace of developments. The book examines the historic underpinnings of the Grotian Moment concept, provides a theoretical framework for testing its existence and application, and analyzes six case studies of potential Grotian Moments: Nuremberg, the continental shelf, space law, the Yugoslavia Tribunal's Tadic decision, the 1999 NATO intervention in Serbia and the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
Terrorism In Southeast Asia
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Author : Bruce Vaughn
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-11
Terrorism In Southeast Asia written by Bruce Vaughn and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11 with Political Science categories.
Contents: (1) The Rise of Islamist Militancy in Southeast Asia: Overview; The Rise of Al Qaeda in Southeast Asia; (2) The Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Network: History of JI; JI¿s Relationship to Al Qaeda; JI¿s Size and Structure; (3) Indonesia: Recent Events; The Bali Bombings and Other JI attacks in Indonesia; The Trial and Release of Baasyir; (4) The Philippines: Abu Sayyaf; The MILF; The Philippine Communist Party; (5) Thailand: Southern Insurgency; Current Government¿s Approach; Little Evidence of Transnational Elements; (6) Malaysia: Recent Events; A Muslim Voice of Moderation; Maritime Concerns; Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Malaysia; Terrorist Groups in Malaysia; Malaysia¿s Counter-Terrorism Efforts; (7) Singapore: U.S.-Singapore Coop.
The Sulu Zone 1768 1898
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Author : James Francis Warren
language : en
Publisher: NUS Press
Release Date : 2007
The Sulu Zone 1768 1898 written by James Francis Warren and has been published by NUS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with History categories.
"First published in 1981, ""The Sulu Zone"" has become a classic in the field of Southeast Asian History. The book deals with a fascinating geographical, cultural and historical ""border zone"" centred on the Sulu and Celebes Seas between 1768 and 1898, and its complex interactions with China and the West. The author examines the social and cultural forces generated within the Sulu Sultanate by the China trade, namely the advent of organized, long distance maritime slave raiding and the assimilation of captives on a hitherto unprecedented scale into a traditional Malayo-Muslim social system. How entangled commodities, trajectories of tastes, and patterns of consumption and desire that span continents linked to slavery and slave raiding, the manipulation of diverse ethnic groups, the meaning and constitution of ""culture, "" and state formation? James Warren responds to this question by reconstructing the social, economic, and political relationships of diverse peoples in a multi-ethnic zone of which the Sulu Sultanate was the centre, and by problematizing important categories like ""piracy"", ""slavery"", ""culture"", ""ethnicity"", and the ""state"". His work analyzes the dynamics of the last autonomous Malayo-Muslim maritime state over a long historical period and describes its stunning response to the world capitalist economy and the rapid ""forward movement"" of colonialism and modernity. It also shows how the changing world of global cultural flows and economic interactions caused by cross-cultural trade and European dominance affected men and women who were forest dwellers, highlanders, and slaves, people who worked in everyday jobs as fishers, raiders, divers or traders. Often neglected by historians, the response of these members of society are a crucial part of the history of Southeast Asia."--
Global Anti Terrorism Law And Policy
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Author : Victor V. Ramraj
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-01-12
Global Anti Terrorism Law And Policy written by Victor V. Ramraj and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-12 with Law categories.
Preventing acts of terrorism remains one of the major tasks of domestic governments and regional and international organisations. Terrorism transcends borders, so anti-terrorism law must cross the boundaries of domestic, regional and international law. It also crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries between administrative, constitutional, criminal, financial, immigration, international and military law, as well as the law of war. This second edition provides a comprehensive resource on how domestic, regional and international responses to terrorism have developed since 2001. Chapters that focus on a particular country or region in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia are complemented by overarching thematic chapters that take a comparative approach to particular aspects of anti-terrorism law and policy.
Abu Sayyaf
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Author : Larry Niksch
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-10
Abu Sayyaf written by Larry Niksch and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10 with Political Science categories.
Abu Sayyaf (AS) emerged in 1990 as a splinter group composed of former MNLF fighters and Filipinos who had fought in Afghanistan. It resorted to terrorist tactics, including executions of civilians, bombings, and increasingly kidnappings for ransom. The AS leadership established links with Jeemah Islamiah, an Al Qaeda-affiliated group in SE Asia that used Mindanao for training and organizing terrorist strikes. Contents of this report: The Philippine Response to 9/11; Historic Muslim Insurgency; AS: Origins, Strength, and Operations; Connections to Al Qaeda and Jeemah Islamiah; Links to the MILF; Philippine Gov¿t. and AFP Policies and Oper.; The 2002 Balikatan Oper.: U.S. Support Role on Jolo Island and in W. Mindanao; U.S. Military Involvement.
Human Rights Compliant Counterterrorism
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Author : Jayson S. Lamchek
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2018-12-20
Human Rights Compliant Counterterrorism written by Jayson S. Lamchek and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-20 with Law categories.
A critical take on the convergence of human rights discourse with the counterterrorism agenda revealing its effects on developing countries.
The Philippine Response To Terrorism
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Author : Eusaquito P. Manalo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-12
The Philippine Response To Terrorism written by Eusaquito P. Manalo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12 with categories.
The emergence of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) in the early 1990s represented the radicalization of the Filipino Muslim separatist movement. Despite the initial success of the joint Philippine and U.S. Balikatan exercise against the Abu Sayyaf in 2002, the ASG has continued to carry out attacks on lightly guarded or "soft" targets, the same way international terrorist groups have been known to do. The anarchic region of Central Mindanao has become a training base for Southeast Asian terror organizations and a refuge for Abu Sayyaf. The war on terrorism has changed the lives of the Filipinos and strained the capacities of the government. Over the years, the Philippines has fought terrorism in many ways. It has retaliated militarily, prosecuted terrorists, preempted terrorist attacks, implemented defensive measures, and addressed some of the causes of terrorism. To some degree, all suffer from limited effectiveness and applicability. This thesis analyzes the Philippine response to terrorism and determines how it should develop an effective strategy to counter terrorism. This study also discusses the government organizational structure and the problems faced by the Philippine government agencies in addressing the terrorism specifically posed by Abu Sayyaf. In addition, this thesis presents a case study of Abu Sayyaf by analyzing its organizational and operational tools in the maintenance of its terrorist capability. Finally, this thesis examines the government bureaucracy and its capability to respond to the threats posed by terrorism.
A Handbook Of Terrorism And Insurgency In Southeast Asia
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Author : Andrew T. H. Tan
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2009-01-01
A Handbook Of Terrorism And Insurgency In Southeast Asia written by Andrew T. H. Tan and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Social Science categories.
This is an important and worthwhile book that should be read by anyone seeking to understand the history and evolution of political violence in Southeast Asia, including the origins of contemporary militant Islamist terrorism. Paul J. Smith, Contemporary Southeast Asia This very fine collection shows how and why Southeast Asia has been afflicted with terrorism from the end of World War II to the present time. No other volume tells us as much about the period and area. Anyone interested in the general theory and practice of terrorism and insurgency will find it indispensable. David C. Rapoport, University of California, Los Angeles, US and Editor of Journal of Terrorism and Political Violence This stimulating collection of essays underlines how Southeast Asia has again, as at the height of the Cold War, been pushed towards the top of the list of world conflict zones by the collision between long-standing regional problems and more recent external frictions. Anyone needing to learn more about the relationship between the war on terror and Southeast Asia, particularly regarding terrorism in Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines, will need to consult this work. Brian P. Farrell, National University of Singapore, and author of The Defence and Fall of Singapore 1940 1942 This book is an excellent addition to the literature on political violence in Southeast Asia providing a wealth of detail on terrorism, guerilla insurgency, and the use of terror and repression by governments. The book is especially valuable for the broad coverage of many different groups (not just Islamic ones), inclusion of the activities of governments, and a variety of opinions and views on terrorism and political violence. This book should be one of the essential resources for academics, policymakers, or anyone else interested in terrorism, insurgency, and political violence in the region. It is an extremely valuable tool for one and all. James M. Lutz, Indiana University Purdue University, US and co-author of Global Terrorism, with Brenda Lutz This is an excellent volume, which is very well conceived and balanced in its treatment of the problem of terrorism and insurgency in Southeast Asia. This volume will greatly advance our empirical understanding of conflict and violence in this pivotal region. The book contains many insightful contributions and, overall, the Handbook will serve as a standard reference on the subject matter for years to come. M.L.R. Smith, King s College, University of London, UK This timely and significant book seeks to explain the deep-seated complexities of terrorism and insurgency in Southeast Asia. In the aftermath of 9/11, this region has been designated by the United States to be the second front in the war on terrorism. Yet despite the emergence of this new global terrorism, the authors argue that armed rebellion in Southeast Asia is a phenomenon that predates Al Qaeda and the global Jihadist movement and that much can be learned from the motivations behind it. Written by a group of leading Western and emerging Southeast Asian scholars, this extensive volume demonstrates the difficulty and diversity of rebellion in Southeast Asia, and explores its intricate historical, political, social and economic roots. The book will serve as an excellent reference and educational text, providing an empirical and regional guide to the complex problem of insurgency in Southeast Asia. It will also contribute to a more educated understanding that could provide the basis for appropriate counter-terrorism strategies in this important part of the world. Comprehensive and engaging, this volume will find widespread appeal amongst researchers, students and policymakers interested in terrorism, international relations and Asian studies and will also be an invaluable tool for studies into political violence and security.