Potential Of Low Salinity Waterflooding Technology To Improve Oil Recovery
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Potential Of Low Salinity Waterflooding Technology To Improve Oil Recovery
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Author : Hisham Ben Mahmud
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Potential Of Low Salinity Waterflooding Technology To Improve Oil Recovery written by Hisham Ben Mahmud and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Electronic books categories.
Low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is a potential new method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in sandstone and carbonate rock formations. LSWF approach has gained an attention in the oil and gas industry due to its potential advantages over the conventional waterflooding and other chemical EOR technologies. The efficiency of waterflooding process is effected via reservoir and fluid parameters such as formation rock type, porosity, permeability, reservoir fluid saturation and distribution and optimum time of water injection. Combined effect of these factors can define the ultimate recovery of hydrocarbon. The main objective of this chapter is to review the mechanism of LSWF technique in improving oil recovery and the mechanism under which it operates. Various laboratory studies and few field applications of LSWF in recent years have been presented mainly at the lab scale. Also it will explore numerical modeling developments of this EOR approach.
Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes
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Author : Ariffin Samsuri
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-12-18
Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes written by Ariffin Samsuri and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Concerned with production decline, shortages of new oil reserves, and increasing world energy demand, the oil sector continues to search for economic and efficient techniques to enhance their oil recovery from the existing oil field using several enhanced oil recovery techniques (EOR)methods. Despite its highefficiency, widely acclaimed potentials, and limitations, the Low Salinity Water Flooding (LSWF), hybrid, and nanotechnology applications have gained vast interest with promising future to increase ultimate oil recovery, tackle operational challenges, reduce environmental damage, and allow the highest feasible recoveries with lower production costs. This synergistic combination has opened new routes for novel materials with fascinating properties. This book aims to provide an overview of EOR technology such as LSWF, hybrid, and nanotechnology applications in EOR processes.
Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding
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Author : Kun Sang Lee
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2019-04-03
Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding written by Kun Sang Lee and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding explains the latest technologies used in the integration of low-salinity and smart waterflooding in other EOR processes to reduce risks attributed to numerous difficulties in existing technologies, also introducing the synergetic effects. Covering both lab and field work and the challenges ahead, the book delivers a cutting-edge product for today’s reservoir engineers. Explains how smart waterflooding is beneficial to each EOR process, such as miscible, chemical and thermal technologies Discusses the mechanics and modeling involved using geochemistry Provides extensive tools, such as reservoir simulations through experiments and field tests, establishing a bridge between theory and practice
Enhanced Oil Recovery
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Author : Ajay Mandal
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-11-27
Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Ajay Mandal and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Oil recovery efficiency can be increased by applying the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes, which are based on the improvement of mobility ratio, reduction of interfacial tension between oil and water, wettability alteration, reduction of oil viscosity, formation of oil banks, and so forth. This book describes the different EOR methods and their mechanisms, which are traditionally used after conventional primary and secondary processes. The present scenario of different EOR processes, at both the field application stage and research stage, is also covered. Further, it discusses some of the recent advances in EOR processes such as low-salinity water flooding, the application of nanotechnology in EOR, microbial EOR, carbonated water injection, etc. Features: Comprehensive coverage of all enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods Discussion of reservoir rock and fluid characteristics Illustration of steps in design and field implementation as well as the screening criteria for process selection Coverage of novel topics of nanotechnology in EOR and hybrid EOR method and low-salinity waterfloods Emphasis on recent technologies, feasibility, and implementation of hybrid technologies This book is aimed at graduate students, professionals, researchers, chemists, and personnel involved in petroleum engineering, chemical engineering, surfactant manufacturing, polymer manufacturing, oil/gas service companies, and carbon capture and utilization.
A Mechanism Of Improved Oil Recovery By Low Salinity Waterflooding In Sandstone Rock
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Author : Ramez Masoud Azmy Nasralla
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
A Mechanism Of Improved Oil Recovery By Low Salinity Waterflooding In Sandstone Rock written by Ramez Masoud Azmy Nasralla and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Injection of low-salinity water showed high potentials in improving oil recovery when compared to high-salinity water. However, the optimum water salinity and conditions are uncertain, due to the lack of understanding the mechanisms of fluid-rock interactions. The main objective of this study is to examine the potential and efficiency of low-salinity water in secondary and tertiary oil recovery for sandstone reservoirs. Similarly, this study aims to help in understanding the dominant mechanisms that aid in improving oil recovery by low-salinity waterflooding. Furthermore, the impact of cation type in injected brines on oil recovery was investigated. Coreflood experiments were conducted to determine the effect of water salinity and chemistry on oil recovery in the secondary and tertiary modes. The contact angle technique was used to study the impact of water salinity and composition on rock wettability. Moreover, the zeta potential at oil/brine and brine/rock interfaces was measured to explain the mechanism causing rock wettability alteration and improving oil recovery. Deionized water and different brines (from 500 to 174,000 mg/l), as well as single cation solutions were tested. Two types of crude oil with different properties and composition were used. Berea sandstone cores were utilized in the coreflood experiments. Coreflood tests indicated that injection of deionized water in the secondary mode resulted in significant oil recovery, up to 22% improvement, compared to seawater flooding. However, no more oil was recovered in the tertiary mode. In addition, injection of NaCl solution increased the oil recovery compared to injection of CaCl2 or MgCl2 at the same concentration. Contact angle results demonstrated that low-salinity water has an impact on the rock wettability; the more reduction in water salinity, the more a water-wet rock surface is produced. In addition, NaCl solutions made the rock more water-wet compared to CaCl2 or MgCl2 at the same concentration. Low-salinity water and NaCl solutions showed a highly negative charge at rock/brine and oil/brine interfaces by zeta potential measurements, which results in greater repulsive forces between the oil and rock surface. This leads to double-layer expansion and water-wet systems. These results demonstrate that the double-layer expansion is a primary mechanism of improving oil recovery when water chemical composition is manipulated. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149468
Low Salinity And Engineered Water Injection For Sandstone And Carbonate Reservoirs
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Author : Emad Walid Al Shalabi
language : en
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
Release Date : 2017-06-14
Low Salinity And Engineered Water Injection For Sandstone And Carbonate Reservoirs written by Emad Walid Al Shalabi and has been published by Gulf Professional Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstones and Carbonate Reservoirs provides a first of its kind review of the low salinity and engineered water injection (LSWI/EWI) techniques for today’s more complex enhanced oil recovery methods. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low salinity injection projects, and to date, the research is currently only located in numerous journal locations. This reference helps readers overcome these challenging issues with explanations on models, experiments, mechanism analysis, and field applications involved in low salinity and engineered water. Covering significant laboratory, numerical, and field studies, lessons learned are also highlighted along with key areas for future research in this fast-growing area of the oil and gas industry. After an introduction to its techniques, the initial chapters review the main experimental findings and explore the mechanisms behind the impact of LSWI/EWI on oil recovery. The book then moves on to the critical area of modeling and simulation, discusses the geochemistry of LSWI/EWI processes, and applications of LSWI/EWI techniques in the field, including the authors’ own recommendations based on their extensive experience. It is an essential reference for professional reservoir and field engineers, researchers and students working on LSWI/EWI and seeking to apply these methods for increased oil recovery. Teaches users how to understand the various mechanisms contributing to incremental oil recovery using low salinity and engineering water injection (LSWI/EWI) in sandstones and carbonates Balances guidance between designing laboratory experiments, to applying the LSWI/EWI techniques at both pilot-scale and full-field-scale for real-world operations Presents state-of-the-art approaches to simulation and modeling of LSWI/EWI
Novel Insights Into Low Salinity Water Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery In Sandstone Reservoirs
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Author : Hasan N. Al-Saedi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Novel Insights Into Low Salinity Water Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery In Sandstone Reservoirs written by Hasan N. Al-Saedi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
"Ever growing global energy demand and the natural decline in oil production from mature oil fields have been the main incentives to search for methods to increase recovery efficiency for several decades. Water flooding is extensively applied worldwide to improve oil recovery. The recent drop in oil prices has turned the oil industry to the cheapest improved oil recovery (IOR) techniques, such as low salinity (LS) waterflooding. Also, the reduction in reservoir energy and the friendly environmental aspects of low salinity water flooding (LSWF) provide additional incentives for its use. That LS water requires decreasing only the active divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and water salinity makes LS water flooding a relatively simple and low expense IOR technique. The water chemistry significantly impacts the oil recovery factor. Wettability is one of the major parameters that control the efficiency of water flooding. The primary mechanism for increased oil recovery during LSWF in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs is wettability alteration of the rock surface from oil-wet to water-wet. LS water imbibed into the low water-wet zones, the water wetness of the rock increased after injecting LS water, and in turn, microscopic sweep efficiency enhanced too. The mechanism behind LS water flooding has been extensively investigated in the literature but it still a topic of debate. The objective of this research is to solve the controversy and show the following: (1) Water chemistry weather partially or strongly determines the dominant wettability alteration mode. (2) The role of divalent cations in the formation water and in the injected water. (3) Clay's role for incremental recovery. This research work seeks to quantify the effects of mineral composition and water chemistry on water-rock interactions and wettability alteration"--Abstract, page
Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies
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Author : Tor Austad
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-04-10
Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by Tor Austad and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-10 with Science categories.
Water flooding of oil reservoirs has been performed for a century in order to improve oil recovery for two reasons: (1) give pressure support to the reservoir to prevent gas production and (2) displace the oil by viscous forces. During the last 30 years, it was discovered that the wetting properties of the reservoir played a very important role for the efficiency of the water flood. Even though much work have been published on crude oil–brine–rock (CBR) interaction related to wetting properties, Professor N.R. Morrow, University of Wyoming, asked the audience the following question at the European enhanced oil-recovery (EOR) meeting in Cambridge, April 2011: Do we understand water flooding of oil reservoirs? If we are not able to explain why injection fluids of different ionic composition can have a great impact on displacement efficiency and oil recovery, the answer to Morrow’s question is NO. Researchers have to admit that we do not know the phenomena of water flooding well enough. The key to improve our understanding is to obtain fundamental chemical understanding of the CBR interaction by controlled laboratory studies, and then propose chemical mechanisms, which should be validated also from field experience. In this chapter, I have tried to sum up our experience and chemical understanding on water-based EOR in carbonates and sandstones during the last 20 years with a specific focus on initial wetting properties and possibilities for wettability modification to optimize oil recovery. Chemically, the CBR interaction is completely different in carbonates and sandstones. The proposed chemical mechanisms for wettability modification are used to explain field observations.
Low Salinity Waterflooding To Improve Oil Recovery Historical Field Evidence
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Low Salinity Waterflooding To Improve Oil Recovery Historical Field Evidence written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
Waterflooding is by far the most widely applied method of improved oil recovery. Crude oil/brine/rock interactions can lead to large variations in the displacement efficiency of wa-terfloods. Laboratory water-flood tests and single-well tracer tests have shown that injection of dilute brine can increase oil recovery, but work designed to test the method on a field scale has not yet been undertaken. Historical waterflood records could unintentionally provide some evidence of improved recovery from waterflooding with lower salinity brine. Nu-merous fields in the Powder River basin of Wyoming have been waterflooded using low salinity brine (about 500 ppm) obtained from the Madison limestone or Fox Hills sandstone. Three Minnelusa formation fields in the basin were identified as potential candidates for waterflood comparisons based on the salinity of the connate and injection water. Historical pro-duction and injection data for these fields were obtained from the public record. Field waterflood data were manipulated to be displayed in the same format as laboratory coreflood re-sults. Recovery from fields using lower salinity injection wa-ter was greater than that using higher salinity injection wa-ter--matching recovery trends for laboratory and single-well tests.
Data Analysis Of Low Salinity Waterflooding To Enhance The Oil Recovery In Sandstone Reservoirs
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Author : Nadia Ariani
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Data Analysis Of Low Salinity Waterflooding To Enhance The Oil Recovery In Sandstone Reservoirs written by Nadia Ariani and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
"The lack of a single reasonable general mechanism to describe how low-salinity waterflooding can improve oil recovery in both laboratory and field pilot projects has increased the interests of many researchers and stakeholders. There has not been observed the relationship of formation brine salinity and injected brine salinity to see how much salinity is reduced to produce the maximum enhanced oil recovery by LSWF. There is no guidance in what EOR stage the LSWF is best implemented. This work collects data from various published literature to develop a comprehensive data set regarding low-salinity waterflooding in sandstone reservoirs. The LSWF mechanisms are discussed to gain better understanding of the LSWF effect on oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs. The data set consists of parameters from coreflooding experiments that involved core samples, crude oil, and brines from different places. Histograms and box plots are used to visualize various kinds of data, and cross plots and charts are used to analyze the relationship between the important parameters and oil recovery. This study revealed the complexity of LSWF mechanisms and the corresponding parameters in the COBR system that associate with this process. The effects of rock porosity and permeability, total clay content, core aging temperature, COBR wettability, initial water saturation, oil base/acid ratio, asphaltenes content, formation and injected brine salinity and composition on the enhanced oil recovery are discussed in both secondary and tertiary LSWF modes. The applicability of parameters affecting the LSWF process are summarized. It is also observed the relationship between formation brine salinity and how much injected brine salinity was reduced or diluted to produce the maximum incremental secondary and additional tertiary recovery. Finally, in comparison to the conventional waterflooding, the final recovery from all of the LSWF stages are higher than the one of the conventional waterflooding, and the secondary+tertiary EOR stage produces the highest final recovery"--Abstract, page iii.