Potential Use Of Plastic Waste Materials In Pavement Structures Applications
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Potential Use Of Plastic Waste Materials In Pavement Structures Applications
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Author : Mukhtar Abukhettala
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Potential Use Of Plastic Waste Materials In Pavement Structures Applications written by Mukhtar Abukhettala and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
There have been concerns worldwide on the scarcity of quality traditional construction materials that are associated with the evolution in roads construction industry and growing traffic demands. This has shifted the focus on investigating viable untraditional materials. Plastic waste has recently gained global popularity in the road building industry. The incorporation of different types of plastic waste have been investigated on the performance of the subgrade soil, on stabilizing embankments as well as on the influences of different grades of bitumen binders and hot asphalt mixes (HMA). Notwithstanding the aforementioned studies, consideration of plastic waste resins in pavement structure has not been neither reported practiced nor even allowed in the province of Ontario. That might be ascribed to the lack of compelling evidences on the beneficial impacts and feasible research studies urging the decision makers and the industry to permit and implement part of the national produced polymers in the road infrastructure. Hence, this research study aims to focus on investigating the influence of three different recycled polymers (plastics) and in two different shapes onto the performance of pavement structure components. The focus is given to the underneath granular and subgrade materials currently in practice in the province of Ontario in accordance with Ontario provincial standard specifications (OPSS). Relatively light densities of plastic flakes and pellets resulted in lowering the maximum dry densities of the investigated soil. The types, shape and the adding rate of plastic were also reflected either by an increase or a decrease on the strength of the soil as measured by the CBR test and the resilient modulus. The impact of incorporation of plastic led to a raise in the permeability of the soil samples. Results of examining the subgrade imply that partial replacement of subgrade soil material with plastic waste may prove useful in road subgrade applications. The results revealed a decline in the optimum moisture content and its corresponding maximum dry density for all types of plastic. The results also showed a noticeable improvement in strength despite variation with the shape of utilized plastic. The permeability was reduced, which is favorable to protect pavement subject to moisture. All in all, the pellets brought higher improvements compared to the ground and flake forms. Properties of fresh as well as hardened concrete (i.e., density, workability, strength, permeability, etc.) were evaluated in the final stage of the study. Assorted types of recycled plastic utilized with a 30MPa concrete mixture and based on the findings; few conclusions were made. Results showed more workable concrete mixtures that contain flakes over that contain pellets. Mixtures with plastic waste have easy workability and are suitable for use in pavement or road applications. This plastic aggregates-induced increase in air content is beneficial for the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete pavement materials. The addition of plastic waste aggregates decreased the compressive, splitting and flexural strength of the concrete pavement samples. Additionally, adding plastic leads to the coarsening of the pore structure of the pavement concrete material and deteriorates the durability properties of the concrete, such as water absorption, sorptivity, and permeability. Outcomes are important in assessing the feasibility of using recycled plastic in producing light weight concrete mixture for various pavement application. The outcomes of the study could possibly have a significant impact on the road industry by providing recyclable source to be utilized in the road structure together with maintaining the sustainability to the environment and the quality of life.
Recycled Materials In Geotechnical And Pavement Applications
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Author : Amin Chegenizadeh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-02-28
Recycled Materials In Geotechnical And Pavement Applications written by Amin Chegenizadeh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-28 with Science categories.
This book considers the application of recycled materials both in pavement and geotechnical engineering. Currently, Australia has faced the fundamental concern of recycling waste plastic. On 1 January 2018, China enforced a prohibition on the importation of waste plastic. China's ban is followed by other countries like India, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The ban caused many corporations to abandon waste collection agreements, and the stockpiling of waste, as there is nowhere to safely deposit this waste. This issue seems, to a great extent, to have placed Australia's recycling industry in a crisis. As a result, local councils will have to find strategic ways of recycling accumulated waste that will become a more significant issue in the coming years. In Australia, apart from economic growth, the road pavement has weakened rapidly as the current pavement unable to withstand this urgent traffic load demand. The adding of polymers to the mixtures improves the stiffness, rutting resistance, and fatigue cracking [1]. However, the application of virgin polymer is costly. Thus, using waste polymer such as waste plastic polymer is an inexpensive substitute. The potential for recycled plastic to improve the performance properties of asphalt mixtures has been demonstrated in many countries the UK, Canada, The Netherlands, and India [2]. Similarly, another application of recycled materials can be in geotechnical infrastructure. This book considers the application of recycled materials both in pavement and geotechnical engineering. References [1] Airey, G.D., Singleton, T.M., & Collop, A.C.(2002). Properties of polymer modified bitumen after rubber- bitumen interaction. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering .14(4), 344- 354. [2] K. O'Farrell. Australian Plastics Recycling Survey- National Report. Australian Government, Department of Environment and Energy, Australia. Project reference,2018 A21502.
Plastic Waste For Sustainable Asphalt Roads
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Author : Filippo Giustozzi
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2022-01-13
Plastic Waste For Sustainable Asphalt Roads written by Filippo Giustozzi and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Waste polymers have been studied for various applications such as energy generation and biochemical production; however, their application in asphalt roads still poses some questions. Over the last decade, several studies have reported the utilization of waste plastics in roads using different methodologies and raw materials, but there is still significant inconsistency around this topic. What is the right methodology to recycle waste plastics for road applications? What is the correct type of waste plastics to be used in road applications? What environmental concerns could arise from the use of waste plastics in road applications? Plastic Waste for Sustainable Asphalt Roads covers the various processes and techniques for the utilization of waste plastics in asphalt mixes. The book discusses the various material properties and methodologies, effects of various methodologies, and combination of various polymers. It also provides information on the compatibility between bitumen and plastics, final asphalt performance, and environmental challenges. Discusses the processes and techniques for utilization of waste plastics in asphalt mixes. Features a life-cycle assessment of waste plastics in road surfaces and possible Environmental Product Declarations (EPD). Includes examples of on-field usage through various case studies.
Reuse Of Plastic Waste In Eco Efficient Concrete
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Author : Fernando Pacheco-Torgal
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2024-05-01
Reuse Of Plastic Waste In Eco Efficient Concrete written by Fernando Pacheco-Torgal and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Plastic pollution is a complex environmental problem. The use of recycled plastics in the modification of concrete materials has a dominant role to play in the move towards sustainable construction. Reuse of Plastic Waste in Eco-efficient Concrete presents the latest research findings on the application and use of recycled plastic waste in sustainable construction. Divided over four parts, the chapters cover various techniques for processing and separation of plastic wastes; use of recycled plastics as aggregates in modified concrete; as well as lightweight reinforced concrete applications too. There is also an entire section dedicated to asphalt mixtures. The book provides technological solutions on how recycled plastic wastes can be applied in concrete manufacturing. It will be a valuable reference source for academic and industrial researchers who are working with waste materials and the use of recycled plastics in concrete, as well as for civil and structural engineers, polymer production technologists, and concrete manufacturers. Describes the main types of recycled plastics that can be applied in concrete manufacturing Presents, state-of-the art knowledge on the properties of conventional concrete with recycled plastics Discusses the technological challenges for concrete manufacturers for mass production of recycled concrete from plastic waste Covers lifecycle cost analysis, production challenges, and long-term performance analysis
Use Of Recycled Plastics In Eco Efficient Concrete
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Author : Fernando Pacheco-Torgal
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2018-11-21
Use Of Recycled Plastics In Eco Efficient Concrete written by Fernando Pacheco-Torgal and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-21 with Architecture categories.
Use of Recycled Plastics in Eco-efficient Concrete looks at the processing of plastic waste, including techniques for separation, the production of plastic aggregates, the production of concrete with recycled plastic as an aggregate or binder, the fresh properties of concrete with plastic aggregates, the shrinkage of concrete with plastic aggregates, the mechanical properties of concrete with plastic aggregates, toughness of concrete with plastic aggregates, modulus of elasticity of concrete with plastic aggregates, durability of concrete with plastic aggregates, concrete plastic waste powder with enhanced neutron radiation shielding, and more, thus making it a valuable reference for academics and industrial researchers. Describes the main types of recycled plastics that can be applied in concrete manufacturing Presents, for the first time, state-of-the art knowledge on the properties of conventional concrete with recycled plastics Discusses the technological challenges for concrete manufactures for mass production of recycled concrete from plastic waste
Use Of Waste Materials In Highway Construction
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Author : Imtiaz Ahmed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Use Of Waste Materials In Highway Construction written by Imtiaz Ahmed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Waste products as road materials categories.
Development And Engineering Properties Of Construction Materials Made Using Melted Plastics Wastes As The Only Binding Phase
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Author : Moussa Thiam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Development And Engineering Properties Of Construction Materials Made Using Melted Plastics Wastes As The Only Binding Phase written by Moussa Thiam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Modernization has brought about steady increase in the consumption of goods and services by human societies across the globe, which mostly driven by both population growth and the change of individual living standards. This, of course, leads to an ever-increasing waste production that ends up in landfills and very often as a source of pollution on natural ecosystems, especially in the low and middle-income countries where waste management is almost inexistent. The management of waste streams is a huge challenge for developed countries as well, where societal and environmental impacts are visible despite massive investments in waste management. One of the most problematic waste materials is plastic, which can remain in nature for over 100 years without degradation, leading to serious environmental concerns. As one of the most significant innovations of the 20th century, plastic is a widely used and cost-effective material for many applications. After their useful lifetimes, their management is problematic. Thus, robust and innovative approaches of managing such waste material are needed in order to mitigate the problem. One of the innovative approaches of tackling the menace cause by plastic waste is through its incorporation into the construction materials. This thesis seeks to address this problem by exploring the use of melted plastic wastes (High Density Poly Ethylene, HDPE and Low Density Poly Ethylene, LDPE) as binder in developing new construction materials (mortar with melted plastic as the only binder, MPB and Plastic Waste Crete, PWC) as an alternative to partially replace traditional concrete and mortar, or finding other engineering uses for this type of waste. Worldwide, about 190 m3 of concrete is poured every second, which translates to 6 billion m3 per year and making it, one of the most widely used manufactured materials. However, the production of concrete requires water and cement. Cement is expensive, and its production contributes to the emission of environmentally polluting gases. Replacing this binding element with recycled plastic derivatives would have significant economic and environmental benefits. In addition to the elimination of cement cost, this will result in water savings, which is especially important for areas without fresh water scarcity. Some researchers have used plastics in concrete and mortars as additives and/or replacement for fine and coarse aggregates. In addition, different types of plastics have been used in bitumen as an additive to reduce construction cost and improve sustainability by adding value to wastes materials. However, there is paucity of technical information about the use of the melted HDPE and LDPE plastic wastes as the only binding phase in concrete- or mortar-like materials. Moreover, many parameters such as preparation conditions, field variables, constituent elements, and final applications have impacts on the performance of construction materials Thus, the key objective of this PhD research is to develop the mortar with plastic binder (MPB) and PlasticWasteCrete (PWC) by using molten HDPE and LDPE plastic wastes as the only binder as well as to investigate the engineering properties of these new types of construction materials. The plastic contents of 45%, 50%, 60% and 65% and HDPE to LDPE ratios of 40/60, 50/50, and 60/40 were selected for the experimental tests. Clean river sand was used as the only aggregate for the MPB, while both sand and gravel were used for the PWC. Various tests were then performed on prepared MPB and PWC samples at different curing times from early to advanced ages to assess their engineering properties. These tests were conducted in accordance with the ASTM standards to evaluate the mechanical properties (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength), permeability and density of the MPB and PWC materials. Additional tests were carried out to analyze the products at the microstructural level (optical microscope, SEM, MIP and thermogravimetric analysis) to gain an insight into the microstructural properties of the developed materials and how that affect their engineering properties. The compressive strength tests revealed the optimal plastic content for the MPB and PWC with the best strength performance. The average compressive strength values for various optimal formulations after 28 days were found to be in the range of 9 to 18 MPa. The splitting tensile strength for the new materials from 1 to 28 days of curing time, were found to be between 1 and 5 MPa. The average hardened density of the MPB and PWC is about 2 g/cm3, which makes them lightweight material according to RILEM classification. In addition, various absorption tests (capillary and immersion) were performed on different MPB and PWC samples, and the obtained results showed that they are porous materials having lower rate of absorption than the traditional cementitious materials (mortar, concrete). This observation was supported by the results from both MIP and SEM analyses. Finally, thermogravimetric analysis provided interesting details on the thermal decomposition of the new materials, with significant changes or mass loss for these products being observed only at temperatures higher than 300°C. The findings from this study suggest MPB and PWC made with melted plastic waste as the only binder have a promising potentials for use in construction. The research conducted in this PhD study offers a good understanding of the engineering properties of the materials as well as the optimal formulations that yield best performance in terms of strength and durability. In summary, it provides useful technical information and tools on the MPB and PWC that will contribute in setting guidelines on the optimal applications of these products in the field of construction in order to have safe, durable and cost-effective structures. Résumé Avec la modernisation de nos sociétés, les habitudes ont considérablement changé, ainsi, on observe une forte consommation des biens et services, due à l'augmentation de la population et l'amélioration de leurs conditions de vie. Ce qui conduit à une augmentation considérable des quantités des déchets qui terminent leurs cycles au niveau des décharges ou dans les océans/fleuves devenant ainsi une source de source de pollution des écosystèmes naturels, surtout dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire avec des systèmes défaillants ou moins performants de gestion des déchets. La gestion des flux de déchets est aussi un défi pour certains pays développés, où les impacts sociaux et environnementaux sont visibles en dépit des investissements massifs dans ce secteur. Parmi ces déchets, nous avons les plastiques, l'une des innovations du 20e siècle avec des qualités versatiles et coût faible, se trouve partout dans nos vies quotidiennes. Après leur utilisation, les plastiques deviennent des déchets qui peuvent rester dans la nature plus de 100 ans sans aucune dégradation, avec des conséquences néfastes sur l'Homme et l'environnement. Ainsi, une approche robuste et innovante de gestion de ces déchets est nécessaire afin d'atténuer leurs impacts. L'une des approches innovantes pour réduire l'impact causé par les déchets plastiques consiste à les incorporer dans les matériaux de construction. Ainsi, le problème est abordé dans cette thèse en développant des technologies permettant de recycler les plastiques fondus comme liant dans les nouveaux matériaux de construction (MPB et PWC), afin d'offrir une alternative pour remplacer partiellement le béton / mortier traditionnel. Le béton est l'un des matériaux les plus utilisés au monde, avec environ 190 m3 coulés chaque seconde, correspondant à 6 milliards de m3 par an. Cependant, la production de béton nécessite de l'eau et du ciment. Le ciment coûte cher et sa production contribue à l'émission de gaz polluants l'environnement. Le remplacement d'une partie du béton traditionnel par un matériau à base des déchets plastique aura des avantages économiques, sociaux et environnementaux importants. Allant dans ce sens, certains chercheurs ont utilisé les plastiques dans le béton et le mortier comme additifs et / ou substituts des matériaux granulaires tels que le sable et le gravier.
Proceedings Of 2021 4th International Conference On Civil Engineering And Architecture
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Author : Thomas Kang
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-31
Proceedings Of 2021 4th International Conference On Civil Engineering And Architecture written by Thomas Kang and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book states that the proceedings gathers selected papers from 2021 4th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Architecture (ICCEA 2021), which was taken place in Seoul, South Korea, during July 10-12, 2021. The conference is the premier forum for the presentation of new advances and research results in the fields of theoretical, experimental, and practical civil engineering and architecture. And this proceedings from the conference mainly discusses architectural design and project management, environmental protection and spatial planning, design and analysis of building materials, and structural engineering and safety. And these materials can be useful and valuable sources for researchers and professionals working in the field of civil engineering and architecture.
The Engineer
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
The Engineer written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Military engineering categories.
Advanced Asphalt Materials And Paving Technologies
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Author : Zhanping You
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2018-05-04
Advanced Asphalt Materials And Paving Technologies written by Zhanping You and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-04 with Electronic books categories.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advanced Asphalt Materials and Paving Technologies" that was published in Applied Sciences