Poverty And Regional Development In Eastern Europe And Central Asia

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Poverty And Regional Development In Eastern Europe And Central Asia

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Author : William R. Dillinger
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007-01-01

Poverty And Regional Development In Eastern Europe And Central Asia written by William R. Dillinger and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Social Science categories.

"Regional economic development is an interest of policymakers throughout the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. One of its principal aims is to reduce poverty in lagging regions by stimulating local economic growth. However, problems exist with this approach. First, it may miss the target. Although geographical concentrations of poverty exist, poor people also live in regions that are - on average - rich. Second, the sources of the problem may be misdiagnosed. Poverty is not only related to where people are, but to who people are. In ECA, poverty is associated with low levels of education and people who are too young or too old to participate in the labor force. Under these circumstances, efforts to bring higher wage employment opportunities to poor regions may have little immediate benefit for the people who live there. Third, relying on regional economic development to address poverty in lagging regions ignores the potential role of migration. The emigration of labor, rather than the immigration of capital, may be a more effective means of reducing the poverty of individuals in lagging regions, though this is unlikely to eliminate pockets of poverty quickly. Development opportunities may exist in poor regions that markets have overlooked. Interventions must be assessed carefully. Some of the traditional instruments used to stimulate regional economic growth have mixed track records. Comprehensive, custom-tailored approaches appear to be a promising alternative. However, governments should be modest in using regional development as a tool of poverty reduction. Policies aimed at stimulating growth in poor regions should be complemented by more direct anti-poverty measures, including targeted transfers and investments in education, and efforts to remove barriers to emigration."--World Bank website.

Rural Development Strategy

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Author : Csaba Csáki
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000-01-01

Rural Development Strategy written by Csaba Csáki and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.

With the larger role that the agricultural sector plays in the Eastern Europe and Central Asian (ECA) region, emphasis must be placed on the sector's sustained growth and prosperity. The Bank strategy for rural development in the ECA region during the early phase of transition emphasized the reform of agricultural policies and assistance in privatizing, restructuring, and rebuilding agriculture and agro-industrial complexes. In retrospect, it can be seen that the ECA countries concerned made the right choice when they set their objective to transform their socialized agriculture into a private-ownership and market-based system. Given the developments of the past decade, it is clear, however, that the initial expectations for the outcomes of such reforms were overly optimistic. The transition process in agriculture is far more complex than originally envisaged by both the countries themselves and the international community, including the Bank. Increased social problems and alarming growth of poverty have added a new, unexpected, dimension to the transition process. As the analysis indicates, the region's rural economy is still struggling to adjust to new economic realities, and this will require further refinement and adjustment of the Bank's approach as well. This volume, based on an overview of recent regional developments, summarizes the revised World Bank assistance strategy for rural development in the ECA region.

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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank
Release Date : 2001

written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Business & Economics categories.

The increase in poverty and inequality in the transition countries of Europe and Central Asia over the past decade is as markedly dramatic, as it is unprecedented. Drawing on new household survey data and extensive qualitative studies, this book brings together findings on the nature and evolution of poverty and inequality in the region. Virtually all transition countries experienced a collapse in economic output in the initial years of the transition, but the drop was much sharper and the recovery slower in some parts of the region. This work explores the different responses to this collapse and their implications for poverty and inequality. Incomplete market reforms, high levels of bureaucratic corruption, and the capture of national governments by powerful business elites account for some of the major differences in poverty and inequality outcomes among countries. This book addresses the policy actions needed to reduce poverty and create inclusive societies. First and foremost is fostering institutions at the community, local, and national level that are accountable to and inclusive of all parts of society. These institutions provide the foundation for functioning democratic societies, good governance, and shared economic growth. Economic growth that generates productive work and leads to a rise in real wages is also vital to poverty reduction. Sustaining such growth in turn depends on completing reforms and building open and competitive markets, with adequate safeguards where markets may fail. Inclusive institutions and economic growth will provide the basis for sustained and shared prosperity as long as societies ensure that people have the capabilities they need to participate in the market and put in place mechanisms to help those who may be left behind. This book will be an important tool for researchers and policymakers in the region and worldwide, as well as for general readers interested in the issues facing Eastern Europe and Central Asia."

Rural Environment And Social Development Strategies For The Europe And Central Asia Region

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000-01-01

Rural Environment And Social Development Strategies For The Europe And Central Asia Region written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.

This report proposes a World Bank strategy for assisting the rural, environmental, and social development of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It has been produced for a general audience partly for consultation purposes, and is therefore a work in progress. Each of the three areas of development is examined in separate chapters, and each summarises the World Bank assistance strategy in that area. The conclusion is that the challenge posed by the objectives of this report are far beyond the World Bank's abilities to achieve on its own.

Economic Growth Inequality And Poverty

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Author : Richard H. Adams
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003

Economic Growth Inequality And Poverty written by Richard H. Adams and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Economic development categories.

Income Support For The Poorest

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Author : Emil Tesliuc
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-06-26

Income Support For The Poorest written by Emil Tesliuc and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-26 with Social Science categories.

This study reviews the role and workings, with their strengths and weaknesses of last-resort income support (LRIS) programs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It draws on a combination of household survey and administrative data for a large group of countries and detailed case studies for a smaller number of countries that span the spectrum of the income range in the region. It thus combines the value of wide, comparable multi-country work with that of in-depth, country-specific probing on key themes. The experiences of LRIS programs in Eastern Europe and Central Asia have demonstrated the technical feasibility of highly efficient poverty-targeted programs in the region. The detailed case studies suggest how programs can improve their coverage, control error and fraud and be implemented effectively in decentralized settings. This experience is pertinent to other regions as well, adding to the know-how for poverty targeting programs in middle and low income countries. Perhaps especially importantly, the book shows that means testing can be accomplished in settings with sizeable informal sectors and at reasonable administrative costs. The study also suggests that currently the role of last resort income support programs within the overall social protection systems of the region is often too small and that their eligibility thresholds should be revised and indexed, so that the programs continue to serve a meaningful swath of the low income households in each country. Moreover the programs can be used as the nexus to weave together a variety of income supports and services for low income households.

Growth Poverty And Inequality

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Author : Mamta Murthi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005

Growth Poverty And Inequality written by Mamta Murthi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.

" ... A most interesting report. I have read it with considerable interest, and have learned a lot. It tells a clear story, and it contains a lot of interesting material."--Anthony Atkinson, Professor Nuffield CollegeOxford University, United Kingdom "The key conclusion of the report is that rapid economic growth is fundamentally important for job creation and, consequently, reducing poverty."--Ewa Balcerowicz, President of the BoardCenter for Social and Economic Research, Warsaw, Poland While the countries of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union have made significant progress in reducing poverty in the past five years, poverty and vulnerability remain significant problems. More than 60 million are poor and more than 150 million are vulnerable. Most of the poor are the working poor. Many others face deprivations in terms of access and quality of public services. Regional inequalities both between and within countries are large. The highest levels of absolute poverty are found in the poor countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus, but most of the region's poor and vulnerable are in middle- income countries. Growth, Poverty, and Inequality examines these important issues and recommends that public policies focus on: accelerating shared growth and job creation; improving public service delivery; strengthening social protection; and enhancing the monitoring of progress in poverty reduction. This book will be informative for policy makers and social scientists working in the Region.

Making Transition Work For Everyone

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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000

Making Transition Work For Everyone written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.

Annotation This book brings together the latest findings on the nature and evolution of poverty and inequality in the region.

Poverty Correlates And Indicator Based Targeting In Eastern Europe And The Former Soviet Union

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Author : Christiaan Grootaert
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1998

Poverty Correlates And Indicator Based Targeting In Eastern Europe And The Former Soviet Union written by Christiaan Grootaert and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Comparative economics categories.

July 1998 Social protection systems in the transition economies have been inadequate to meet the challenges of transition, being both costly and poorly targeted. The largest group of poor people is the working poor-especially workers with little education (primary education or less) or outdated vocational or technical education. Grootaert and Braithwaite compare poverty in three Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, and Poland) with poverty in three countries of the former Soviet Union (Estonia, Kyrgyz Republic, and Russia). They find striking differences between the post-Soviet and Eastern European experiences with poverty and targeting. Among patterns detected: * Poverty in Eastern Europe is significantly lower than in former Soviet Union countries. * Rural poverty is greater than urban poverty. * In Eastern Europe there is a strong correlation between poverty incidence and the number of children in a household; in the former Soviet Union countries this is less pronounced, except in Russia. * There is a gender and age dimension to poverty in some countries. In single-person households, especially of elderly women, the poverty rate is very high (except in Poland) and poverty is more severe. The same is true in pensioner households (except in Poland). In Poland the pension system has adequate reach. * Poverty rates are highest among people who have lost their connection with the labor market and live on social transfers (other than pensions) or other nonearned income. But through sheer mass, the largest group of poor people is the working poor-especially workers with little education (primary education or less) or outdated vocational or technical education. Only those with special skills or university education escape poverty in great numbers, thanks to the demand for their skills from the newly emerging private sector. * The poverty gap is remarkably uniform in Eastern European countries, especially Hungary and Poland, suggesting that social safety nets have prevented the emergence of deep pockets of poverty. This is much less true in the former Soviet Union, where those with the highest poverty rate also have the largest poverty gap. In the short to medium term, creating employment in the informal sector will generate a larger payoff than creating jobs in the formal (still to be privatized) sector, so programs to help (prospective) entrepreneurs should take center stage in poverty alleviation programs. This paper is a joint product of the Social Development Department and Europe and Central Asia, Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Poverty and Targeting of Social Assistance in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union (RPO 680-33). The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].

The Road To Stability And Prosperity In South Eastern Europe

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000-01-01

The Road To Stability And Prosperity In South Eastern Europe written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-01-01 with Political Science categories.

"Report prepared by the Europe and Central Asia Region, World Bank, in close consulation with the International Monetary Fund ... "--P. ix.