Poverty Occupational Choice And Social Networks
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Poverty Occupational Choice And Social Networks
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Author : Selim Gulesci
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Poverty Occupational Choice And Social Networks written by Selim Gulesci and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Bangladesh categories.
This thesis contains three independent chapters that are aimed towards contributing to our understanding of three questions in the literature on poverty, occupational choice and social networks. The first chapter asks whether labor contracts in a rural economy play a significant role in insuring workers against risks and if the outside options of workers determine the extent to which their labor contracts are interlinked with their insurance arrangements. As such, it provides evidence on a well-established idea in the study of rural labor markets - that of labor-tying - by showing that it is an important channel through which the poor workers smooth their income and that an exogenous improvement in their outside options induces them to exit labor-tying and switch to alternative channels of informal insurance. The second chapter provides evidence on whether transfer of capital and skills enable the poor to permanently exit poverty by entering into higher return occupations. It shows that such a transfer not only transforms the occupational choices of the targeted poor, but has significant general equilibrium effects on the local markets, and corresponding spillover effects on non- targeted households. The third chapter provides evidence on the question \do formal transfers crowd out informal transfers", exploiting the randomized roll-out of a large scale asset transfer and training program to test for its effects on the informal transfer arrangements of the poor. It shows that the informal transfers to the poor are crowded out by the program, but this effect is highly heterogenous depending on the location of the sender and the vulnerability of the targeted poor.
Perspectives On Poverty In India
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Author : The World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2011-04-13
Perspectives On Poverty In India written by The World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-13 with Social Science categories.
The book examines India s experience with poverty reduction in a period of rapid economic growth. Marshalling evidence from multiple sources of survey data and drawing on new methods, the book asks how India s structural transformation - from rural to urban, and from agriculture to nonfarm sectors - is impacting poverty. Our analysis suggests that since the early 1990s, urban growth has emerged as a much more important driver of poverty reduction than in the past. We focus in particular on the role of small and medium size conurbations in India, both as the urban sub-sector in which urban poverty is overwhelmingly concentrated, and as a sub-sector that could potentially stimulate rural-based poverty reduction. Second, in rural areas, we focus on the nature of intersectoral transformation out of agriculture into the nonfarm economy. Stagnation in agriculture has been accompanied by dynamism in the nonfarm sector, but there is much debate about whether the growth seen has been a symptom of agrarian distress or a source of poverty reduction. Finally, alongside the accelerating economic growth and the highly visible transformation that is occurring in India s major cities, inequality is on the rise. This is raising concern that economic growth in India has by-passed significant segments of the population. The third theme on social exclusion asks if, despite the dramatic growth, historically grounded inequalities along lines of caste, tribe and gender have persisted. This book would be of interest for policymakers, researchers, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies from India and abroad--who wish to know more about India s experience of the last two decades in reducing poverty.
Encyclopedia Of Social Media And Politics
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Author : Kerric Harvey
language : en
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Release Date : 2013-12-20
Encyclopedia Of Social Media And Politics written by Kerric Harvey and has been published by SAGE Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-20 with Political Science categories.
The Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics explores how the rise of social media is altering politics both in the United States and in key moments, movements, and places around the world. Its scope encompasses the disruptive technologies and activities that are changing basic patterns in American politics and the amazing transformations that social media use is rendering in other political systems heretofore resistant to democratization and change. In a time when social media are revolutionizing and galvanizing politics in the United States and around the world, this encyclopedia is a must-have reference. It reflects the changing landscape of politics where old modes and methods of political communication from elites to the masses (top down) and from the masses to elites (bottom up) are being displaced rapidly by social media, and where activists are building new movements and protests using social media to alter mainstream political agendas. Key Features: This three-volume A-to-Z encyclopedia set includes 600 short essays on high-interest topics that explore social media’s impact on politics, such as "Activists and Activism," "Issues and Social Media," "Politics and Social Media," and "Popular Uprisings and Protest." A stellar array of world renowned scholars have written entries in a clear and accessible style that invites readers to explore and reflect on the use of social media by political candidates in this country, as well as the use of social media in protests overseas Unique to this book is a detailed appendix with material unavailable anywhere else tracking and illustrating social media usage by U.S. Senators and Congressmen. This encyclopedia set is a must-have general, non-technical resource for students and researchers who seek to understand how the changes in social networking through social media are affecting politics, both in the United States and in selected countries or regions around the world. Key Themes: Opening Essays Celebrities and Pioneers in Social Media and Politics Congressional Social Media Usage (Most Active Members) Measuring Social Media′s Political Impact Misuse of Social Media in the Political Arena: Issues and Ethics Social Media, Candidates, and Campaigns Social Media, Politics, and Culture Social Media and Networking Websites Social Media and Political Unrest Social Media and Social Issues, Activism, and Movements Social Media Concepts and Theorie Social Media Regulation, Public Policy, and Actual Practice Social Media Types, Innovation and Technology
The World Bank Research Program 2005 2007
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2008
The World Bank Research Program 2005 2007 written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals.
Employment Living Standards And Poverty In Contemporary Indonesia
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Author : Chris Manning
language : en
Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
Release Date : 2011
Employment Living Standards And Poverty In Contemporary Indonesia written by Chris Manning and has been published by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
Understanding the nexus between employment, living standards and poverty is a major challenge in Indonesia. Trends in poverty are heavily dependent on labour market opportunities and social spending in education and health. The question is how to create opportunities and spend money wisely - a subject of intense debate in Indonesia. The government has brought a renewed focus to poverty reduction since the end of the Asian financial crisis, especially under the current president, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. This book shows how Indonesia is travelling with regard to employment, social policy and poverty. It identifies promising new directions for strategies to alleviate poverty, some of which are already showing results.
Economic Complexity And Human Development
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Author : Dominik Hartmann
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-03-12
Economic Complexity And Human Development written by Dominik Hartmann and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-12 with Business & Economics categories.
This book combines the human development approach and innovation economics in order to explore the effects that structural economic change has on human development. While economic diversification can provide valuable new social choices and capabilities, it also tends to lead to more complex decision processes and changes to the set of capabilities required by people to self-determine their future. Within this process of structural transformation, social networks are crucial for accessing information and social support, but networks can also be a root cause of exclusion and inequality reproduction. This implies the need to encourage innovation and economic diversification beyond production expansion, focusing on the promotion of human agency and social inclusion. This book provides such a modern perspective on development economics, emphasizing the role of social networks, economic diversity and entrepreneurship for social welfare. The author discusses how innovation, social networks, economic dynamics and human development are interlinked, and provides several practical examples of social and micro-entrepreneurship in contexts as diverse as Peruvian rural villages and Brazil’s urban areas. The interdisciplinary perspective put forward in this book illustrates theoretical and methodological methods of exploring the complexity of development in a practical and relevant way. It also provides useful information about structural factors which need to be considered by practitioners when designing pro-poor growth policies. Furthermore, the coverage of the core concepts of innovation, networks and development economics, enriched with multiple examples, makes it a valuable resource for scholars and advanced students of modern development economics.
Social Capital
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Author : Nan Lin
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Release Date :
Social Capital written by Nan Lin and has been published by Transaction Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Social Science categories.
Leading scholars in the field of social networks from diverse disciplines present the first systematic and comprehensive collection of current theories and empirical research on the informal connections that individuals have for support, help, and information from other people. Expanding on concepts originally formulated by Pierre Bourdieu and James Coleman, this seminal work will find an essential place with educators and students in the fields of social networks, rational choice theory, institutions, and the socioeconomics of poverty, labor markets, social psychology, and race. The volume is divided into three parts. The first segment clarifies social capital as a concept and explores its theoretical and operational bases. Additional segments provide brief accounts that place the development of social capital in the context of the family of capital theorists, and identify some critical but controversial perspectives and statements regarding social capital in the literature. The editors then make the argument for the network perspective, why and how such a perspective can clarify controversies and advance our understanding of a whole range of instrumental and expressive outcomes. Social Capital further provides a forum for ongoing research programs initiated by social scientists working at the crossroads of formal theory and new methods. These scholars and programs share certain understandings and approaches in their analyses of social capital. They argue that social networks are the foundation of social capital. Social networks simultaneously capture individuals and social structure, thus serving as a vital conceptual link between actions and structural constraints, between micro- and macro-level analyses, and between relational and collective dynamic processes. They are further cognizant of the dual significance of the "structural" features of the social networks and the "resources" embedded in the networks as defining elements of social capital. Nan Lin is professor of sociology, Duke University. Karen Cook is Ray Lyman Wilber Professor of Sociology, Department of Sociology, Stanford University. Ronald S. Burt is Hobart W. Williams Professor of Sociology and Strategy, University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.
Occupational Choices Networks And Transfers
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Author : Arup Mitra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Occupational Choices Networks And Transfers written by Arup Mitra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume analyses occupation, earning, and standard of living of the low income households from slum clusters in Delhi, and lays emphasis on strategies and efforts initiated by the slum dwellers to cope with uncertainties they face. The role of informal institutions or networks in accessing information pertaining to the urban labour market, and in experiencing an upward mobility, constitutes an important dimension of the analysis. Transfer of resources - monestary and/or non-monetary - across individuals/households, which can be either based on altruistic behaviour or motivated by the principle of exchange (or strategic exchange) takes the central position in the analysis. This helps derive the domain of public policy, which would not be in conflict with the existing institutions, and would emerge as supportive measures instead of appearing as direct interventions. Interspatial variations in economic activities performed in the city and their impact on the labour market in terms of physical segmentation, constitute the other major aspect that the study focuses on. Differences in occupational choices, incomes and consumption expenditure across seems in the broad context of intra-household inequality are dealt with. Finally, it reviews the past and ongoing programmes relating to urban poverty, and compares them with the policy directives following from the present study.
Occupational Therapy And Physical Dysfunction E Book
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Author : Michael Curtin
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2009-10-20
Occupational Therapy And Physical Dysfunction E Book written by Michael Curtin and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-20 with Medical categories.
The sixth edition of this classic book remains a key text for occupational therapists, supporting their practice in working with people with physical impairments, stimulating reflection on the knowledge, skills and attitudes which inform practice, and encouraging the development of occupation-focused practice. Within this book, the editors have addressed the call by leaders within the profession to ensure that an occupational perspective shapes the skills and strategies used within occupational therapy practice. Rather than focusing on discrete diagnostic categories the book presents a range of strategies that, with the use of professional reasoning, can be transferred across practice settings. The new editors have radically updated the book, in response to the numerous internal and external influences on the profession, illustrating how an occupational perspective underpins occupational therapy practice. A global outlook is intrinsic to this edition of the book, as demonstrated by the large number of contributors recruited from across the world. Covers everything the student needs within the physical disorders part of their course Links theory of principles to practice and management Written and edited by a team of internationally experienced OT teachers, clinicians and managers Gives key references and further reading lists for more detailed study Written within a framework of lifespan development in line with current teaching and practice Includes practice scenarios and case studies Focuses on strategies Subtitle reflecting the primacy of occupation in occupational therapy practice Inclusion of practice scenarios to illustrate the application of theory to practice Features such as chapter summaries and key points, providing a quick overview of each chapter A focus on strategies rather than diagnostic categories Consideration of individuals, groups and communities An international perspective Language that is person-centred and inclusive New editorial team endorsed by the former editors including Annie Turner
A Poverty Research Agenda For The Next Decade
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Author : Daniel H. Weinberg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
A Poverty Research Agenda For The Next Decade written by Daniel H. Weinberg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Poverty categories.