Power System Load Frequency Control
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Robust Power System Frequency Control
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Author : Hassan Bevrani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-19
Robust Power System Frequency Control written by Hassan Bevrani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Frequency control as a major function of automatic generation control is one of the important control problems in electric power system design and operation, and is becoming more signi?cant today because of the increasing size, changing structure, emerging new uncertainties, environmental constraints and the complexity of power systems. In the last two decades, many studies have focused on damping control and vo- age stability and the related issues, but there has been much less work on the power system frequency control analysis and synthesis. While some aspects of frequency control have been illustrated along with individual chapters, many conferences and technical papers, a comprehensive and sensible practical explanation of robust f- quency control in a book form is necessary. This book provides a thorough understanding of the basic principles of power system frequency behaviour in wide range of operating conditions. It uses simple frequency response models, control structures and mathematical algorithms to adapt modern robust control theorems with frequency control issue and conceptual exp- nations. Most developed control strategies are examined by real-time simulations. Practical methods for computer analysis and design are emphasized. This book emphasizes the physical and engineering aspects of the power s- tem frequency control design problem, providing a conceptual understanding of frequency regulation, and application of robust control techniques. The main aim is to develop an appropriate intuition relative to the robust load frequency regulation problem in real-world power systems, rather than to describe sophisticated mat- matical analytical methods.
Power System Load Frequency Control
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Author : Hassan A. Yousef
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-03-16
Power System Load Frequency Control written by Hassan A. Yousef and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This title presents a balanced blend between classical and intelligent load frequency control techniques, which is detrminant for continous supply of power loads. The classical control techniques introduced in this book include PID, pole placement, observer-based state feedback, static and dynamic output feedback controllers while the intelligent control techniques explained here are of adaptive fuzzy control types. This book will analyze and design different decentralized LF controllers in order to maintain the frequency deviations of each power area within the limits and keep the tie-line power flow between different power areas at the scheduled levels.
Load Frequency Control Of Microgrids
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Author : Bhuvnesh Khokhar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-06-20
Load Frequency Control Of Microgrids written by Bhuvnesh Khokhar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book focuses on describing the emerging microgrid concept, and its various constituents, especially the EV technology, and investigates the load frequency control performance of different microgrid configurations by implementing the modern control theory. An exhaustive study is presented on the various renewable energy sources and an up-to-date status of their installed capacity and power generation. The text presents case studies for load frequency control of a microgrid in its various operating modes. This book: Discusses power system stability, significance of load frequency control in power system, modeling of a microgrid, and frequency deviation response. Covers various energy storage technologies such as superconducting magnetic energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, and compressed air energy storage. Presents modes of interaction of the electric vehicles with the utility grid and implementation of the electric vehicles for load frequency control. Illustrates control approaches for load frequency control and metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Showcases the study of load frequency control for standalone microgrid systems, grid-connected microgrid systems, and multi-microgrid systems. It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, and graduate students in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics, communication engineering, and renewable energy.
Load Frequency Control Of Multiple Area Power Systems
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Author : Yao Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Load Frequency Control Of Multiple Area Power Systems written by Yao Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Automatic control categories.
In an interconnected power system, as a power load demand varies randomly, both area frequency and tie-line power interchange also vary. The objectives of load frequency control (LFC) are to minimize the transient deviations in theses variables (area frequency and tie-line power interchange) and to ensure their steady state errors to be zeros. When dealing with the LFC problem of power systems, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties of the power system pose big challenges for controller design. Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), as an increasingly popular practical control technique, has the advantages of requiring little information from the plant model and being robust against disturbances and uncertainties. This thesis presents a solution to the LFC problem based on ADRC. The controller is constructed for a three-area power system with different turbine units including non-reheat, reheat and hydraulic units in different areas. The dynamic model of the power system and the controller design based on the model are elaborated in the thesis. Simulation results and frequency-domain analyses proved that ADRC controller is attractive to the LFC problem in its stability and robustness.
Robust Power System Frequency Control
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Author : Hassan Bevrani
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-06-18
Robust Power System Frequency Control written by Hassan Bevrani and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This updated edition of the industry standard reference on power system frequency control provides practical, systematic and flexible algorithms for regulating load frequency, offering new solutions to the technical challenges introduced by the escalating role of distributed generation and renewable energy sources in smart electric grids. The author emphasizes the physical constraints and practical engineering issues related to frequency in a deregulated environment, while fostering a conceptual understanding of frequency regulation and robust control techniques. The resulting control strategies bridge the gap between advantageous robust controls and traditional power system design, and are supplemented by real-time simulations. The impacts of low inertia and damping effect on system frequency in the presence of increased distributed and renewable penetration are given particular consideration, as the bulk synchronous machines of conventional frequency control are rendered ineffective in emerging grid environments where distributed/variable units with little or no rotating mass become dominant. Frequency stability and control issues relevant to the exciting new field of microgrids are also undertaken in this new edition. As frequency control becomes increasingly significant in the design of ever-more complex power systems, this expert guide ensures engineers are prepared to deploy smart grids with optimal functionality.
Optimal Decentralized Load Frequency Control For Power System
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Author : Weijie Shen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Optimal Decentralized Load Frequency Control For Power System written by Weijie Shen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Load frequency control or LFC is a fundamental mechanism for maintaining the stability of electric power systems. It aims at controlling the power output of generators in response to either changes in frequency (in a single area case) or in response to both changes in frequency and tie-line power interchange (in multi- area cases). Indeed frequency is a ubiquitous signal in power systems and its excursions away from its nominal value are indicative of imbalances between generation and load. Interest in LFC has come back to the fore in view of the challenges raised by increasing levels of penetration of renewable intermittent sources (Wind and solar energy). This situation creates frequent and important mismatches between system generation and system load, and thus create the need for more effective LFC schemes. The current set up is based on estimating a single integral control based power mismatch variable and redistributing a share of the correspondingly needed generation increase or decrease among units according to their power rating [Tan, 2010]. While this has proved to be a robust and algorithmically simple scheme, it is a rather rough approach, as it tends to ignore the particular current state of each generator when provided with a new set point. In order to allow more flexible and less aggressive control to each individual generator, normally only represented as a single aggregate unit, novel decentralized linear quadratic-proportional integral control methods for load frequency control respectively based on so-called mean field team theory (for single and two area systems) and mean field games (for two area systems) are discussed in this thesis. The control problem is formulated as a linear quadratic (LQ) team problem under meanfield sharing (MFS) information structure, i.e., each generator observes its own state (3 state variables) and the mean field, that is in this context the average state of all generators if they are all identical, or the vector of class specific mean states in a non homogeneous multi-class situation. Also, following a team solution scheme developed in [Arabneydi and Mahajan, 2016], a separate mean field control term is a feedback on the vector of mean class specific individual states. The overall result is a decentralized control policy with coordination by the mean field term. The optimal solution is obtained by solving 2 Riccati equations, one for the local generator and another one associated with the mean field (this becomes instead a system of coupled Riccati equations in the subsequent mean field game game solution of the 2 area problem), for the full observation model.
Power System Frequency Control
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Author : Dillip Kumar Mishra
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-02-23
Power System Frequency Control written by Dillip Kumar Mishra and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-23 with Science categories.
Power System Frequency Control: Modeling and Advances evaluates the control schemata, secondary controllers, stability improvement methods, optimization considerations, microgrids, multi-microgrids, and real-time validation required to model and analyze the dynamic behavior of frequency in power systems. Chapters review a range of advanced modeling and analytical considerations for single to multi-area networks using traditional and hybrid sources, including renewable sources, FACT devices and storage. The work also considers broad aspects of upstream and downstream control mechanisms which enable novel solutions in the area of automatic generation control in power system networks. Highly recommended for power system engineers, researchers and practitioners with interests in load frequency control, automatic generation control, linearized models of isolated microgrid, and multi-microgrid, and hybrid LFC scheme, this book is an ideal resource on the topics discussed. Explains the function and purpose of power network frequency loops, including primary control, secondary control and emergency control loops Models LFC schemes from single-area to multi-area interconnected power systems Demonstrates five fundamental controller designs alongside their main error principles Evaluates dynamic response analysis with transient performance stated for modern indices Discusses performance studies such as state-space modeling, random loading, sensitivity and stability analyses
Power System Operation And Control
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Author : Ramana N.V.
language : en
Publisher: Pearson Education India
Release Date : 2010
Power System Operation And Control written by Ramana N.V. and has been published by Pearson Education India this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Electric power systems categories.
Analysis Of Load Frequency Control System Of An Interconnected Power System
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Author : Visweswara Rao Annamraju
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Analysis Of Load Frequency Control System Of An Interconnected Power System written by Visweswara Rao Annamraju and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with categories.
Modern Aspects Of Power System Frequency Stability And Control
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Author : Andrew Dixon
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-05-04
Modern Aspects Of Power System Frequency Stability And Control written by Andrew Dixon and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-04 with Science categories.
Modern Aspects of Power System Frequency Stability and Control describes recently-developed tools, analyses, developments and new approaches in power system frequency, stability and control, filling a gap that, until the last few years, has been unavailable to power system engineers. Deals with specific practical issues relating to power system frequency, control and stability Focuses on low-inertia and smart grid systems Describes the fundamental processes by which the frequency response requirements of power systems in daily operation are calculated, together with a description of the actual means of calculation of these requirements