Predicting Human Decisions And Actions Finding The Neural Correlates Of Decision Making And Actions In Humans
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Predicting Human Decisions And Actions Finding The Neural Correlates Of Decision Making And Actions In Humans
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Author : Omri Perez
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Predicting Human Decisions And Actions Finding The Neural Correlates Of Decision Making And Actions In Humans written by Omri Perez and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Predicting Human Decision Making
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Author : Ariel Geib
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Predicting Human Decision Making written by Ariel Geib and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Computers categories.
Human decision-making often transcends our formal models of "rationality." Designing intelligent agents that interact proficiently with people necessitates the modeling of human behavior and the prediction of their decisions. In this book, we explore the task of automatically predicting human decision-making and its use in designing intelligent human-aware automated computer systems of varying natures—from purely conflicting interaction settings (e.g., security and games) to fully cooperative interaction settings (e.g., autonomous driving and personal robotic assistants). We explore the techniques, algorithms, and empirical methodologies for meeting the challenges that arise from the above tasks and illustrate major benefits from the use of these computational solutions in real-world application domains such as security, negotiations, argumentative interactions, voting systems, autonomous driving, and games. The book presents both the traditional and classical methods as well as the most recent and cutting edge advances, providing the reader with a panorama of the challenges and solutions in predicting human decision-making.
Dynamics Of Human Decision Making
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Author : Koeun Lim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Dynamics Of Human Decision Making written by Koeun Lim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
When making daily decisions, people naturally ask two questions: how soon can I make a decision, and is it a good decision? In experimental setting, humans can subjectively yet quantitatively assess choice confidence (i.e. how good) based on their perceptual precision even when a decision is made without an immediate reward or feedback. Such choice confidence has been shown to have a non-monotonic relationship with decision time (i.e. how soon), such that choice confidence can be correlated either positively or negatively with decision time depending on how decision time is constrained. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the interaction between choice confidence and decision time during perceptual decision-making are still unclear. Hence, the goals of this research were to (1) develop dynamic computational models and to (2) find neural representations of choice confidence in human scalp potentials. The dynamic models of choice confidence were developed by merging two parallel conceptual frameworks of decision-making, signal detection theory and sequential analyses (i.e., drift diffusion model). Specifically, in order to capture the end-point statistics of binary choice and confidence, we built on a previous study that defined choice confidence in terms of psychophysics derived from signal detection theory. At the same time, we augmented this mathematical model to include accumulator dynamics of a drift-diffusion model to characterize the time-dependence of choice behaviors in a standard forced-choice paradigm. Twelve human subjects performed a subjective visual vertical task, simultaneously reporting binary orientation choice and probabilistic confidence. Both binary choice and confidence experimental data displayed statistics and dynamics consistent with both signal detection theory and evidence accumulation, respectively. Specifically, the computational simulations showed that the unbounded evidence accumulator model fits the confidence data better than the classical bounded model while bounded and unbounded models were indistinguishable for binary choice data. These results suggest that the brain can utilize mechanisms consistent with signal detection theory to assess confidence when observation duration is externally controlled. As a neural mechanism that binds choice action and confidence, a fronto-parietal network has been implicated. Such bi-local neural circuitry is consistent with dual-route model of metacognition, in which the prefrontal cortex supervises and evaluates objectlevel parietal cortex. However, the neural dynamics underlying the interaction between choice confidence and decision time in the fronto-parietal network during the perceptual decision-making have yet to be elucidated. Here we show in fifteen human subjects that choice confidence contributes to frontal event-related potential (ERP) during a predecisional stage when choice accuracy is emphasized over speed during a free response task. We found that the second positive peak, particularly the curvature, of the stimuluslocked frontal ERP at 400-600ms covaries with confidence while the amplitude of the centro-parietal ERP increases with faster decision response time during the same time interval. This finding provides evidence for a causal role of confidence in perceptual decision-making, complementing earlier ERP evidence supporting a retrospective role. Altogether, these results suggest that an internal representation of choice confidence evolves concurrently with choice action prior to reporting a decision. Furthermore, the non-monotonic dynamics of confidence arise from its dual roles that may be determined by the prior expectation of decision time constraint. In other words, the causal role of confidence may underlie the negative correlations between choice confidence and decision time behaviors while the retrospective role may underlie the positive correlations.
Goal Directed Decision Making
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Author : Richard W. Morris
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-08-23
Goal Directed Decision Making written by Richard W. Morris and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-23 with Science categories.
Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Feelings And Emotions
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Author : Antony S. R. Manstead
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-04-05
Feelings And Emotions written by Antony S. R. Manstead and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04-05 with Psychology categories.
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Modeling Human And Organizational Behavior
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Author : Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1998-08-14
Modeling Human And Organizational Behavior written by Panel on Modeling Human Behavior and Command Decision Making: Representations for Military Simulations and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-08-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.
Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience
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Author : Steven Platek
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2007
Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience written by Steven Platek and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Medical categories.
An essential reference for the new discipline of evolutionary cognitive neuroscience that defines the field's approach of applying evolutionary theory to guide brain-behavior investigations. Since Darwin we have known that evolution has shaped all organisms and that biological organs—including the brain and the highly crafted animal nervous system—are subject to the pressures of natural and sexual selection. It is only relatively recently, however, that the cognitive neurosciences have begun to apply evolutionary theory and methods to the study of brain and behavior. This landmark reference documents and defines the emerging field of evolutionary cognitive neuroscience. Chapters by leading researchers demonstrate the power of the evolutionary perspective to yield new data, theory, and insights on the evolution and functional modularity of the brain. Evolutionary cognitive neuroscience covers all areas of cognitive neuroscience, from nonhuman brain-behavior relationships to human cognition and consciousness, and each section of Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience addresses a different adaptive problem. After an introductory section that outlines the basic tenets of both theory and methodology of an evolutionarily informed cognitive neuroscience, the book treats neuroanatomy from ontogenetic and phylogenetic perspectives and explores reproduction and kin recognition, spatial cognition and language, and self-awareness and social cognition. Notable findings include a theory to explain the extended ontogenetic and brain development periods of big-brained organisms, fMRI research on the neural correlates of romantic attraction, an evolutionary view of sex differences in spatial cognition, a theory of language evolution that draws on recent research on mirror neurons, and evidence for a rudimentary theory of mind in nonhuman primates. A final section discusses the ethical implications of evolutionary cognitive neuroscience and the future of the field. Contributors: C. Davison Ankney, Simon Baron-Cohen, S. Marc Breedlove, William Christiana, Michael Corballis, Robin I. M. Dunbar, Russell Fernald, Helen Fisher, Jonathan Flombaum, Farah Focquaert, Steven J.C. Gaulin, Aaron Goetz, Kevin Guise, Ruben C. Gur, William D. Hopkins, Farzin Irani, Julian Paul Keenan, Michael Kimberly, Stephen Kosslyn, Sarah L. Levin, Lori Marino, David Newlin, Ivan S. Panyavin, Shilpa Patel, Webb Phillips, Steven M. Platek, David Andrew Puts, Katie Rodak, J. Philippe Rushton, Laurie Santos, Todd K. Shackelford, Kyra Singh, Sean T. Stevens, Valerie Stone, Jaime W. Thomson, Gina Volshteyn, Paul Root Wolpe
Behavioral Neuroscience Of Motivation
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Author : Eleanor H. Simpson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-11
Behavioral Neuroscience Of Motivation written by Eleanor H. Simpson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-11 with Medical categories.
This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.
Neuroeconomics
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Author : Paul W. Glimcher
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-08-13
Neuroeconomics written by Paul W. Glimcher and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-13 with Psychology categories.
In the years since it first published, Neuroeconomics: Decision Making and the Brain has become the standard reference and textbook in the burgeoning field of neuroeconomics. The second edition, a nearly complete revision of this landmark book, will set a new standard. This new edition features five sections designed to serve as both classroom-friendly introductions to each of the major subareas in neuroeconomics, and as advanced synopses of all that has been accomplished in the last two decades in this rapidly expanding academic discipline. The first of these sections provides useful introductions to the disciplines of microeconomics, the psychology of judgment and decision, computational neuroscience, and anthropology for scholars and students seeking interdisciplinary breadth. The second section provides an overview of how human and animal preferences are represented in the mammalian nervous systems. Chapters on risk, time preferences, social preferences, emotion, pharmacology, and common neural currencies—each written by leading experts—lay out the foundations of neuroeconomic thought. The third section contains both overview and in-depth chapters on the fundamentals of reinforcement learning, value learning, and value representation. The fourth section, “The Neural Mechanisms for Choice, integrates what is known about the decision-making architecture into state-of-the-art models of how we make choices. The final section embeds these mechanisms in a larger social context, showing how these mechanisms function during social decision-making in both humans and animals. The book provides a historically rich exposition in each of its chapters and emphasizes both the accomplishments and the controversies in the field. A clear explanatory style and a single expository voice characterize all chapters, making core issues in economics, psychology, and neuroscience accessible to scholars from all disciplines. The volume is essential reading for anyone interested in neuroeconomics in particular or decision making in general. Editors and contributing authors are among the acknowledged experts and founders in the field, making this the authoritative reference for neuroeconomics Suitable as an advanced undergraduate or graduate textbook as well as a thorough reference for active researchers Introductory chapters on economics, psychology, neuroscience, and anthropology provide students and scholars from any discipline with the keys to understanding this interdisciplinary field Detailed chapters on subjects that include reinforcement learning, risk, inter-temporal choice, drift-diffusion models, game theory, and prospect theory make this an invaluable reference Published in association with the Society for Neuroeconomics—www.neuroeconomics.org Full-color presentation throughout with numerous carefully selected illustrations to highlight key concepts
Neuroeconomics
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Author : Paul W. Glimcher
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2008-10-10
Neuroeconomics written by Paul W. Glimcher and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-10 with Medical categories.
Neuroeconomics is a new highly promising approach to understanding the neurobiology of decision making and how it affects cognitive social interactions between humans and societies/economies. This book is the first edited reference to examine the science behind neuroeconomics, including how it influences human behavior and societal decision making from a behavioral economics point of view. Presenting a truly interdisciplinary approach, Neuroeconomics presents research from neuroscience, psychology, and behavioral economics, and includes chapters by all the major figures in the field, including two Economics Nobel laureates. * An authoritative reference written and edited by acknowledged experts and founders of the field * Presents an interdisciplinary view of the approaches, concepts, and results of the emerging field of neuroeconomics relevant for anyone interested in this area of research* Full-color presentation throughout with carefully selected illustrations to highlight key concepts