Prediction And Interpretation Of Ground Movements Due To Tunneling In Stiff Clay And Impacts On Adjacent Structures
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Prediction And Interpretation Of Ground Movements Due To Tunneling In Stiff Clay And Impacts On Adjacent Structures
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Author : Evangelia S. Ieronymaki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Prediction And Interpretation Of Ground Movements Due To Tunneling In Stiff Clay And Impacts On Adjacent Structures written by Evangelia S. Ieronymaki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Construction of large diameter tunnels is frequently accomplished by closed face tunnel boring machines (TBM) using a combination of face pressure and grouting around the precast lining in order to limit ground movements and potential damage to overlying structures. This thesis analyzes monitoring data from the Crossrail project involving twin tunnels construction using Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) machines in London Clay. The research focuses on the 'greenfield' response during tunnel excavation beneath Hyde Park. Far-field measurements of surface and subsurface ground movements were interpreted using 2D finite element analyses using a range of constitutive models with parameters calibrated to non-linear stress-strain properties measured in high quality laboratory tests on London Clay. The analyses optimize three input parameters corresponding to boundary deformations around the tunnel cavity, using a least squares fit to the measured ground movements. The results for the first tunnel (WB) show that even simple soil models are able to achieve good agreement with far field ground deformations, while more complex models (MIT-Si) can represent accurately movements occurring much closer to the tunnel lining and hence, provide a more reliable guide to deformation sources at the tunnel cavity. The study also shows how ground movements induced by the second (EB) tunnel were influenced by proximity to the completed WB tunnel. The results provide a comprehensive view of the ground movement pattern and a useful framework for understanding how ground response is linked to EPB control parameters that can be investigated using 3D finite element models. Comparisons with data from prior open-face shield construction of the Jubilee Line Extension (in similar ground conditions) show that there are pervasive differences in the magnitudes and cavity deformations modes associated with different methods of tunnel construction. The current analyses of soil-structure interaction consider the measured deformations of a concrete-framed structure, Avenfield House, caused by the twin Crossrail tunnels. The thesis proposes a simple elastic shear beam model of the structure and assumes that the cavity deformation parameters are uncoupled from the presence of the structure. The results demonstrate that deformations of the structure can be predicted using information from the greenfield ground response.
Prediction Of Instability And Ground Movements During Tunnel Construction In Non Homogenous Conditions
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Author : Vasiliki Founta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Prediction Of Instability And Ground Movements During Tunnel Construction In Non Homogenous Conditions written by Vasiliki Founta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Advances in tunneling technology, notably in the widespread use of closed-face tunneling boring machines, have reduced risks and greatly increased the productivity of underground construction projects. For shallow tunnels in 'soft ground', instabilities can create collapse mechanisms that propagate to the ground surface, while the prediction and control of tunnel-induced ground deformations remain a key challenge. These problems are especially significant for 'mixed face' conditions, where the tunnel boring machine encounters soils of contrasting mechanical and/or hydraulic properties. This thesis uses finite element simulations to investigate the control of face stability and ground deformations for shallow tunnels in soft ground. The primary control parameters of interest are the face pressures imposed by earth pressure balance (EPB) or slurry shield machines, and the grouting pressures used to control deformations around the tail void at the rear of the tunnel shield. Stability is evaluated by methods of (c-phi) strength reduction, for a range of ground conditions including i) undrained failure in low permeability clays with continuous and discontinuous (mixed face) strength profiles; and ii) drained shearing in high permeability sands above and below the water table, where the closed-face conditions at the tunnel face provide an impermeable membrane. The numerical results are synthesized into a series of generalized design charts for immediate application. Numerical simulations using 3D finite element models are also used to investigate the factors influencing ground movements for closed-face tunneling operations using a relatively simple elastic-perfectly plastic model of soil behavior. These analyses show that maximum surface deformations above the tunnel can be estimated by simple addition of constituent sources associated with the face pressure, shield shape (conicity), machine weight (buoyancy) and grouting pressure. The research proposes a simplified method for predicting the surface settlements based on analytical parameterization of the numerical results, enabling direct design of parameters for controlling ground deformations associated with tunneling for mixed-face conditions in clays. The proposed methodology for predicting ground settlement has been evaluated using data from three well-documented case studies: 1) Crossrail C300 beneath Hyde Park in London, where tunnels were bored through units of stiff clay; 2) Downtown Line DTL3 (C933) in Singapore where tunnels traversed an interface between stiff Old Alluvium and overlying soft marine clays; and 3) northern sections of the MTRA Blue Line in Bangkok, where tunnels were built below the interface between soft and stiff clays. The comparisons between computed and measured data from these projects show that the proposed generic design method achieves comparable agreement to site specific numerical simulations and empirical methods such as ANN. Further studies are now needed to extend the model for mixed face conditions with contrasting permeability.
Ground Movements And Their Effects On Structures
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Author : P. B. Attewell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Ground Movements And Their Effects On Structures written by P. B. Attewell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Earth movements and building categories.
Numerical Modelling Of Construction Processes In Geotechnical Engineering For Urban Environment
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Author : Theodoros Triantafyllidis
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-02-23
Numerical Modelling Of Construction Processes In Geotechnical Engineering For Urban Environment written by Theodoros Triantafyllidis and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-02-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
It has become increasingly important, particularly in an urban environment, to predict soil behaviour and to confine the settlement or deformation of buildings adjacent to construction sites. One important factor is the choice of construction procedure for the installation of piles, sheet pile walls, anchors or for soil improvement techniques, ground freezing and tunnelling methods. The modelling of construction processes, which are frequently associated with large deformations of the soil and with strong changes in the structure of the soil around the construction plant, in the case of, for example, a drill, a bit, a vibrator, or an excavation tool, requires sophisticated and new methods in numerical modelling. Often the simulation of the construction procedure is neglected in the calculations. Such methods are described and discussed in this book, as are examples of the methods applied to geotechnical practice, field and laboratory testing as well as case studies. This volume provides a valuable source of reference for scientists in geotechnical engineering and numerical modelling, geotechnical engineers, post graduate students, construction companies and consultants, manufacturers of geotechnical construction plants and software suppliers and developers of geotechnical construction methods.
Prediction And Effects Of Ground Movements Caused By Tunnelling In Soft
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Author : L. M. Lake
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996-12
Prediction And Effects Of Ground Movements Caused By Tunnelling In Soft written by L. M. Lake and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-12 with categories.
This book assists engineers with the assessment of the risk to structures from urban tunnelling in soft ground. It gives a full review of available precautionary measures to minimize the effects of tunnelling on structures services, together with comments on their range of applicability.
Soil Movements Induced By Tunnelling And Their Effects On Pipelines And Structures
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Author : P. B. Attewell
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Soil Movements Induced By Tunnelling And Their Effects On Pipelines And Structures written by P. B. Attewell and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Soil Structure Interaction Underground Structures And Retaining Walls
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Author : V.M. Ulitsky
language : en
Publisher: IOS Press
Release Date : 2015-02-24
Soil Structure Interaction Underground Structures And Retaining Walls written by V.M. Ulitsky and has been published by IOS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
With construction techniques becoming ever more complex, and population pressure leading to the development of increasingly problematic sites, expertise in the area of soil structure interaction is crucial to architectural and construction industries worldwide. This book contains the proceedings of the ISSMGE Technical Committee 207 International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering - Soil Structure Interaction and Retaining Walls - held in St Petersburg, Russia, in June 2014. The conference was dedicated to the memory of the outstanding geotechnical expert Gregory Porphyryevich Tschebotarioff. Topics covered at the conference included: soil structure interaction, underground structures and retaining walls, site investigation as a source of input parameters for soil structure interaction, and interaction between structures and frozen soils. The papers included here are the English language papers. Papers presented by the authors in Russian are published by the Georeconstruction Institute of St. Petersburg.
A Study Of Interaction Effects Due To Bored Tunnels In Clay
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Author : Paul Sweeney (M. Eng.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
A Study Of Interaction Effects Due To Bored Tunnels In Clay written by Paul Sweeney (M. Eng.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
As more and more tunnels are being bored in urban environments it is essential to understand the effects that this will have on adjacent structures, for example, the state of Singapore, which has been expanding its underground transit system extensively. The effects of tunneling twin tunnels in Singapore marine clay are outlined, analyzed and discussed. Three different configurations are taken into account, side-by-side tunnels, piggyback tunnels and angular-offset tunnels, located at a typical depth for Singapore. Empirical correlations, derived from extensive field data, are used to calculate ground movements caused by twin bored tunnel constructions using superposition. Non-linear finite element analysis is used for the same situations, as well as for analyzing the stresses in the tunnel lining. The use of superposition was tested using the non-linear analysis to check whether or not its use with empirical methods is appropriate. Although the numerical solutions suggest that superposition is a good approximation for twin tunnel bores, there is a clear discrepancy in the magnitude and distribution of ground movements calculated by empirical and numerical solutions.
Ground Movements Associated With Twin Tunnel Construction In Clay
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Author : Sam Divall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Ground Movements Associated With Twin Tunnel Construction In Clay written by Sam Divall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The rising population in urban environments comes with an associated demand for increased public transport. Due to the level of surface congestion an often utilised solution is to construct rapid transit systems within tunnels. Any sub-surface construction will generate ground movements which have the potential to cause damage to existing surface and sub-surface structures. Urbanisation and congested cities have driven the need for accurate predictions of tunnelling-induced settlements and has produced many publications (e.g. Peck, 1969; Cording & Hansmire, 1975; Clough & Schmidt, 1981; O'Reilly & New, 1982; Attewell & Yates, 1984; Cording, 1991; Mair et al., 1993 and Mair & Taylor, 1997). Largely, however, these empirically based prediction methods are concerned with single tunnel greenfield, arrangements. Generally, mass rapid transport systems comprise of a pair of tunnels constructed within relative close proximity. This is known as twin-tunnel construction. A number of case studies have shown a relative difference in the settlements due to each tunnel construction (e.g. Cooper et al., 2002; Cording & Hansmire, 1975 and Nyren, 1998). These were further investigated by numerical studies which support these observations (e.g. Addenbrooke & Potts, 2001 and Hunt, 2005). Analyses that use isotropic linear elasticperfectly plastic soil models have tended to produce wider surface settlement troughs then observed by the Gaussian distribution (Mair et al., 1981). It is that clear valuable insight could be gained from a physical model based study. Therefore, a series of plane strain centrifuge tests was carried out investigating twin tunnelling-induced settlements in overconsolidated clay. Apparatus necessary to perform these tasks required a significant amount of time to develop and was relatively complex. The main variables were the spacing between the tunnels, both horizontally and vertically, and the magnitude of volume loss. The tests were conducted at 100g where the cavities represented two 4m diameter tunnels at (usually) a depth of 10m at prototype scale. The tests utilised novel apparatus designed during the research to enable the simulation of the construction processes related to volume loss in separate sequential tunnels. The results presented are in regards to the prediction of ground movements in the plane perpendicular to advancing tunnels and the significant findings of the research are as follows: - 1. Single tunnel surface and sub-surface settlement troughs are well represented by Gaussian distributions, however, the twin-tunnelling predictions can be improved by modifying the settlements solely due to the second tunnel construction. 2. The magnitude of volume loss from the new tunnel construction had increased due to the presence of the first tunnel. This effect was lessened by larger spacings between the tunnels. 3. Second tunnel settlements can be predicted using equations by Peck (1969), O'Reilly & New (1982) and Mair et al. (1993) but with the modifications. The surface and sub-surface settlement distributions towards the existing tunnel were observed to be wider than a single tunnel.
Geotechnical Aspects Of Underground Construction In Soft Ground
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Author : Klaas Jan Bakker
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2013-05-23
Geotechnical Aspects Of Underground Construction In Soft Ground written by Klaas Jan Bakker and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A valuable source of reference on the current practices of analysis, design and construction of tunnels and underground structures in soft ground. This collection of reviewed papers covers a wide range of tunnelling practice, from deep excavations in Singapore to the construction of a new metro line in Barcelona. The international scope of the contributors makes this a truly comprehensive collection of work on the geotechnical aspects of soft ground excavation.