Preference
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The Construction Of Preference
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Author : Sarah Lichtenstein
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-08-28
The Construction Of Preference written by Sarah Lichtenstein and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-28 with Psychology categories.
One of the main themes that has emerged from behavioral decision research during the past three decades is the view that people's preferences are often constructed in the process of elicitation. This idea is derived from studies demonstrating that normatively equivalent methods of elicitation (e.g., choice and pricing) give rise to systematically different responses. These preference reversals violate the principle of procedure invariance that is fundamental to all theories of rational choice. If different elicitation procedures produce different orderings of options, how can preferences be defined and in what sense do they exist? This book shows not only the historical roots of preference construction but also the blossoming of the concept within psychology, law, marketing, philosophy, environmental policy, and economics. Decision making is now understood to be a highly contingent form of information processing, sensitive to task complexity, time pressure, response mode, framing, reference points, and other contextual factors.
Working With Preferences Less Is More
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Author : Souhila Kaci
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-20
Working With Preferences Less Is More written by Souhila Kaci and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-20 with Computers categories.
Preferences are useful in many real-life problems, guiding human decision making from early childhood up to complex professional and organizational decisions. In artificial intelligence specifically, preferences is a relatively new topic of relevance to nonmonotonic reasoning, multiagent systems, constraint satisfaction, decision making, social choice theory and decision-theoretic planning The first part of this book deals with preference representation, with specific chapters dedicated to representation languages, nonmonotonic logics of preferences, conditional preference networks, positive and negative preferences, and the study of preferences in cognitive psychology. The second part of the book deals with reasoning with preferences, and includes chapters dedicated to preference-based argumentation, preferences database queries, and rank-ordering outcomes and intervals. The author concludes by examining forthcoming research perspectives. This is inherently a multidisciplinary topic and this book will be of interest to computer scientists, economists, operations researchers, mathematicians, logicians, philosophers and psychologists.
A Short Introduction To Preferences
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Author : Francesca Rossi
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2011
A Short Introduction To Preferences written by Francesca Rossi and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
Computational social choice is an expanding field that merges classical topics like economics and voting theory with more modern topics like artificial intelligence, multiagent systems, and computational complexity. This book provides a concise introduction to the main research lines in this field, covering aspects such as preference modelling, uncertainty reasoning, social choice, stable matching, and computational aspects of preference aggregation and manipulation. The book is centered around the notion of preference reasoning, both in the single-agent and the multi-agent setting. It presents the main approaches to modeling and reasoning with preferences, with particular attention to two popular and powerful formalisms, soft constraints and CP-nets. The authors consider preference elicitation and various forms of uncertainty in soft constraints. They review the most relevant results in voting, with special attention to computational social choice. Finally, the book considers preferences in matching problems. The book is intended for students and researchers who may be interested in an introduction to preference reasoning and multi-agent preference aggregation, and who want to know the basic notions and results in computational social choice. Table of Contents: Introduction / Preference Modeling and Reasoning / Uncertainty in Preference Reasoning / Aggregating Preferences / Stable Marriage Problems
Reasoning About Preference Dynamics
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Author : Fenrong Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-05-30
Reasoning About Preference Dynamics written by Fenrong Liu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-30 with Philosophy categories.
Our preferences determine how we act and think, but exactly what the mechanics are and how they work is a central cause of concern in many disciplines. This book uses techniques from modern logics of information flow and action to develop a unified new theory of what preference is and how it changes. The theory emphasizes reasons for preference, as well as its entanglement with our beliefs. Moreover, the book provides dynamic logical systems which describe the explicit triggers driving preference change, including new information, suggestions, and commands. In sum, the book creates new bridges between many fields, from philosophy and computer science to economics, linguistics, and psychology. For the experienced scholar access to a large body of recent literature is provided and the novice gets a thorough introduction to the action and techniques of dynamic logic.
Preference Belief And Similarity
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Author : Amos Tversky
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2003-11-21
Preference Belief And Similarity written by Amos Tversky and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-21 with Psychology categories.
Amos Tversky (1937–1996), a towering figure in cognitive and mathematical psychology, devoted his professional life to the study of similarity, judgment, and decision making. He had a unique ability to master the technicalities of normative ideals and then to intuit and demonstrate experimentally their systematic violation due to the vagaries and consequences of human information processing. He created new areas of study and helped transform disciplines as varied as economics, law, medicine, political science, philosophy, and statistics. This book collects forty of Tversky's articles, selected by him in collaboration with the editor during the last months of Tversky's life. It is divided into three sections: Similarity, Judgment, and Preferences. The Preferences section is subdivided into Probabilistic Models of Choice, Choice under Risk and Uncertainty, and Contingent Preferences. Included are several articles written with his frequent collaborator, Nobel Prize-winning economist Daniel Kahneman.
Preference Learning
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Author : Johannes Fürnkranz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-19
Preference Learning written by Johannes Fürnkranz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-19 with Computers categories.
The topic of preferences is a new branch of machine learning and data mining, and it has attracted considerable attention in artificial intelligence research in previous years. It involves learning from observations that reveal information about the preferences of an individual or a class of individuals. Representing and processing knowledge in terms of preferences is appealing as it allows one to specify desires in a declarative way, to combine qualitative and quantitative modes of reasoning, and to deal with inconsistencies and exceptions in a flexible manner. And, generalizing beyond training data, models thus learned may be used for preference prediction. This is the first book dedicated to this topic, and the treatment is comprehensive. The editors first offer a thorough introduction, including a systematic categorization according to learning task and learning technique, along with a unified notation. The first half of the book is organized into parts on label ranking, instance ranking, and object ranking; while the second half is organized into parts on applications of preference learning in multiattribute domains, information retrieval, and recommender systems. The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in artificial intelligence, in particular machine learning and data mining, and in fields such as multicriteria decision-making and operations research.
The Feeling Of Preference
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Author : Aner Sela
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
The Feeling Of Preference written by Aner Sela and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The authors propose that preference construction is influenced by a transient “feeling of preference” - the perception that one has or should be able to form a preference in a given domain even before seeing the specific options in the choice-set and in the absence of any stored preferences (e.g., when the options are completely novel). In the context of the compromise effect, a feeling of preference entails choice of an “extreme” option that appears consistent with a lexicographic decision rule. A series of experiments demonstrates that the feeling of preference is situationally-triggered and independent of preference retrieval, motivation, fluency, and preference certainty. The implications of the notion of feeling of preference, and future research directions, are discussed.
Collective Preference And Choice
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Author : Shmuel Nitzan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010
Collective Preference And Choice written by Shmuel Nitzan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
A study of the classical aggregation problems that arise in social choice theory, voting theory, and group decision-making under uncertainty.
Work Lifestyle Choices In The 21st Century
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Author : Catherine Hakim
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2000-11-02
Work Lifestyle Choices In The 21st Century written by Catherine Hakim and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-02 with Business & Economics categories.
In this book, Hakim presents a new, multi-disciplinary theory for explaining and predicting current and future patterns of women's choice between employment and family work. Preference theory is the first theory developed specifically to explain women's behaviour and choices. As such, it constitutes a major break from male-centred theorizing to date in sociology and economics. Preference theory is grounded on the substantial body of new research on women's work and fertility that has flourished within feminist scholarship. It identifies five major historical changes that collectively are producing a qualitatively new scenario for women in prosperous societies in the 21st century. Throughout the analysis, the USA and Britain illustrate what the new scenario means for women, how it alters their preferences and work-lifestyles choices. Hakim also reviews research evidence on contemporary developments across Europe, Canada, Australia, Japan, and the far East to develop a new theory that is genuine international in perspective.
Preference And Information
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Author : Dan Egonsson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-12-05
Preference And Information written by Dan Egonsson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-05 with Philosophy categories.
Is it important to our quality of life that the preferences we satisfy are rational and well-informed? Standard preferentialist theories allege that a person's preferences and their satisfaction are the correct measure of well-being. In preference-sensitive theories, preferences are important but do not count for everything. This raises the question of whether we ought to make demands on these preferences. In this book Egonsson presents a critical analysis of the 'Full Information Account of the Good', which claims that only the satisfaction of rational and fully informed preferences has value for a person. The problems he deals with include: how is an information requirement to be formulated and shaped? Is it possible to design a requirement that is both neutral to the agent's epistemic situation and reasonable? Is the requirement reasonable? Does it make sense to claim that some are better off if we satisfy the preferences they would have had in some merely hypothetical circumstances? This is an important new book on preference rationality which will be of great interest to academics and students of ethics, quality of life, and rationality.