Prizes Patents And The Search For Longitude
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Prizes Patents And The Search For Longitude
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Author : Diane M. Burton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Prizes Patents And The Search For Longitude written by Diane M. Burton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The 1714 Longitude Act created the Board of Longitude to administer a large monetary prize and progress payments for the precise determination of a ship's longitude. It is frequently cited to justify the use of prize-based incentives over patents. We use new data on marine chronometer inventors from 1714 to 1939 to show that the search for longitude reflected a complementarity between prize and patent-based incentives. The propensity to patent was high and the level of patents increased significantly as chronometers were refined. While the prize encouraged competitive entry, patents aided disclosure.
Knowledge Patents Power
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Author : Marius Buning
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2021-12-13
Knowledge Patents Power written by Marius Buning and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-13 with Science categories.
Knowledge, Patents, Power offers a sophisticated analysis of patenting practices in the early modern Dutch Republic and their detailed legal framework, as well as the uses of expert knowledge not only in producing inventions but in evaluating them for patent purposes.
The Battle Over Patents
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Author : Stephen H. Haber
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021
The Battle Over Patents written by Stephen H. Haber and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Business & Economics categories.
This essay is the introduction to a book of the same title, forthcoming in summer of 2021 from Oxford University Press. The purpose is to document the ways in which patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus from innovation. The features of these systems take shape as interests at different points in the production chain seek advantage in any way they can, and consequently, they are riven with imperfections. The interesting historical question is why US-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays in the book suggest that the creation of a tradable but temporary property right facilitates the transfer of technological knowledge and thus fosters a highly productive decentralized ecology of inventors and firms.
The Rise And Decline Of England S Watchmaking Industry 1550 1930
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Author : Alun C. Davies
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2022-04-11
The Rise And Decline Of England S Watchmaking Industry 1550 1930 written by Alun C. Davies and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-11 with History categories.
This survey of the rise and decline of English watchmaking fills a gap in the historiography of British industry. Clerkenwell in London was supplied with 'rough movements' from Prescot, 200 miles away in Lancashire. Smaller watchmaking hubs later emerged in Coventry, Liverpool, and Birmingham. The English industry led European watchmaking in the late eighteenth century in output, and its lucrative export markets extended to the Ottoman Empire and China. It also made marine chronometers, the most complex of hand-crafted pre-industrial mechanisms, crucially important to the later hegemony of Britain’s navy and merchant marine. Although Britain was the 'workshop of the world', its watchmaking industry declined. Why? First, because cheap Swiss watches were smuggled into British markets. Later, in the era of Free Trade, they were joined by machine-made watches from factories in America, enabled by the successful application to watch production of the 'American system' in Waltham, Massachusetts after 1858. The Swiss watch industry adapted itself appropriately, expanded, and reasserted its lead in the world’s markets. English watchmaking did not: its trajectory foreshadowed and was later followed by other once-prominent British industries. Clerkenwell retained its pre-industrial production methods. Other modernization attempts in Britain had limited success or failed.
Inventing Ideas
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Author : B. Zorina Khan
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2020
Inventing Ideas written by B. Zorina Khan and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Business & Economics categories.
"This books shows how and why the ideas of creative individuals promote progress. The insights are based on original archival research regarding over one hundred thousand inventors, patented inventions, and innovation prizes in Europe and the United States during industrialization. This systematic empirical analysis across time and place and institutions provides an extensive microfoundation for understanding technological change and long-run macroeconomic growth. British and French policies favoured "administered innovation systems," in which elites, administrators or panels made key economic decisions about inducement prizes, rewards and the allocation of resources. European institutions generated returns that were misaligned with economic value and productivity, and perpetuated socioeconomic inequality. Europe fell behind when the negative consequences of such top-down administered systems accumulated and reduced comparative advantage. The modern knowledge economy emerged when, for the first time in world history, an intellectual property clause was included in a national Constitution, in the United States. This strong endorsement for open-access property rights and unfettered markets in ideas reflected a revolution in thinking about the sources of creativity and technical progress. U.S. global industrial ascendancy was a direct outcome of its decentralized market-oriented institutions, which fostered diversity in ideas and innovations, the diffusion of information and disruptive technologies, and sustained endogenous growth"--
Handbook Of Metrology And Applications
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Author : Dinesh K. Aswal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-08-23
Handbook Of Metrology And Applications written by Dinesh K. Aswal and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This handbook provides comprehensive and up-to-date information on the topic of scientific, industrial and legal metrology. It discusses the state-of-art review of various metrological aspects pertaining to redefinition of SI Units and their implications, applications of time and frequency metrology, certified reference materials, industrial metrology, industry 4.0, metrology in additive manufacturing, digital transformations in metrology, soft metrology and cyber security, optics in metrology, nano-metrology, metrology for advanced communication, environmental metrology, metrology in biomedical engineering, legal metrology and global trade, ionizing radiation metrology, advanced techniques in evaluation of measurement uncertainty, etc. The book has contributed chapters from world’s leading metrologists and experts on the diversified metrological theme. The internationally recognized team of editors adopt a consistent and systematic approach and writing style, including ample cross reference among topics, offering readers a user-friendly knowledgebase greater than the sum of its parts, perfect for frequent consultation. Moreover, the content of this volume is highly interdisciplinary in nature, with insights from not only metrology but also mechanical/material science, optics, physics, chemistry, biomedical and more. This handbook is ideal for academic and professional readers in the traditional and emerging areas of metrology and related fields.
Global Ocean Of Knowledge 1660 1860
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Author : Karel Davids
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2020-05-14
Global Ocean Of Knowledge 1660 1860 written by Karel Davids and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-14 with History categories.
This book looks to fill the 'blue hole' in Global History by studying the role of the oceans themselves in the creation, development, reproduction and adaptation of knowledge across the Atlantic world. It shows how globalisation and the growth of maritime knowledge served to reinforce one another, and demonstrates how and why maritime history should be put firmly at the heart of global history. Exploring the dynamics of globalisation, knowledge-making and European expansion, Global Ocean of Knowledge takes a transnational approach and transgresses the traditional border between the early modern and modern periods. It focuses on three main periodisations, which correspond with major transformations in the globalisation of the Atlantic World, and analyses how and to what extent globalisation forces from above and from below influenced the development and exchange of knowledge. Davids distinguishes three forms of globalising forces 'from above'; imperial, commercial and religious, alongside self-organisation, the globalising force 'from below'. Exploring how globalisation advanced and its relationship with knowledge changed over time, this book bridges global, maritime, intellectual and economic history to reflect on the role of the oceans in making the world a more connected place.
Patents
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Author : Marc Baudry
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2017-11-29
Patents written by Marc Baudry and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-29 with Business & Economics categories.
The patent system is criticized today by some practitioners and economists. In fact, there is a partial disconnection between patent demographics and productivity gains, but also the development of actors who do not innovate and who develop business models that their detractors equate with a capture of annuities or a dangerous commodification of patents. This book provides a less Manichaean view of the position of patents in the system of contemporary innovation. It first recalls that these criticisms are not new, before arguing that if these criticisms have been revived, it is because of a partial shift from an integrated innovation system to a much more fragmented and open system. This shift accompanied the promotion of a more competitive economy. The authors show that this movement is coherent with a more intensive use of patents, but also one that is more focused on their signal function than on their function of direct monetary incentive to innovation.
The Laissez Faire Experiment
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Author : W. Walker Hanlon
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2024-09-10
The Laissez Faire Experiment written by W. Walker Hanlon and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Why Britain’s attempt at small government proved unable to cope with the challenges of the modern world In the nineteenth century, as Britain attained a leading economic and political position in Europe, British policymakers embarked on a bold experiment with small and limited government. By the outbreak of the First World War, however, this laissez-faire philosophy of government had been abandoned and the country had taken its first steps toward becoming a modern welfare state. This book tells the story of Britain’s laissez-faire experiment, examining why it was done, how it functioned, and why it was ultimately rejected in favor of a more interventionist form of governance. Blending insights from modern economic theory with a wealth of historical evidence, W. Walker Hanlon traces the slow expansion of government intervention across a broad spectrum of government functions in order to understand why and how Britain gave up on laissez-faire. It was not abandoned because Britain’s leaders lost faith in small government as some have suggested, nor did it collapse under the growing influence of working-class political power. Instead, Britain’s move away from small government was a pragmatic and piecemeal response—by policymakers who often deeply believed in laissez-faire—to the economic forces unleashed by the Industrial Revolution.
We The Possibility
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Author : Mitchell Weiss
language : en
Publisher: Harvard Business Press
Release Date : 2021-01-19
We The Possibility written by Mitchell Weiss and has been published by Harvard Business Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Can we solve big public problems anymore? Yes, we can. This provocative and inspiring book points the way. The huge challenges we face are daunting indeed: climate change, crumbling infrastructure, declining public education and social services. At the same time, we've come to accept the sad notion that government can't do new things or solve tough problems—it's too big, too slow, and mired in bureaucracy. Not so, says former public official, now Harvard Business School professor, Mitchell Weiss. The truth is, entrepreneurial spirit and savvy in government are growing, transforming the public sector's response to big problems at all levels. The key, Weiss argues, is a shift from a mindset of Probability Government—overly focused on safe solutions and mimicking so-called best practices—to Possibility Government. This means public leadership and management that's willing to boldly imagine new possibilities and to experiment. Weiss shares the three basic tenets of this new way of governing: Government that can imagine: Seeing problems as opportunities and involving citizens in designing solutions Government that can try new things: Testing and experimentation as a regular part of solving public problems Government that can scale: Harnessing platform techniques for innovation and growth The lessons unfold in the timely episodes Weiss has seen and studied: the US Special Operations Command prototyping of a hoverboard for chasing pirates; a heroin hackathon in opioid-ravaged Cincinnati; a series of experiments in Singapore to rein in Covid-19; among many others. At a crucial moment in the evolution of government's role in our society, We the Possibility provides inspiration and a positive model, along with crucial guardrails, to help shape progress for generations to come.