Problems Arising From The Common Agricultural Policy
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Problems Arising From The Common Agricultural Policy
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Author : Kenân Özkara
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2006-04-12
Problems Arising From The Common Agricultural Policy written by Kenân Özkara and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 2,0, Leuven Catholic University, course: Institutions and Policy of the European Union, language: English, abstract: Das wirtschaftliche Zusammenwachsen innerhalb der Europäischen Union (EU) der letzten Jahrzehnte sowie die Verwirklichung des europäischen Binnenmarktes im Jahr 1993 zwangen sowohl die Mitgliedstaaten als auch die Unternehmen, sich neuen Herausforderungen zu stellen. Durch die Öffnung der nationalen Märkte sahen und sehen sich die Staaten und ihre heimischen Unternehmen einem steigenden Wettbewerbsdruck gegenüber, den sie mitunter mit unrechtmäßigen Mitteln zu unterlaufen versuchen: Wettbewerbsbeschränkende Absprachen zwischen Unternehmen auf der einen Seite und staatliche Maßnahmen auf der anderen Seite vermögen den Wettbewerb gleichermaßen zu beeinflussen. Um die kompetitiven Marktstrukturen aufrechtzuerhalten, bedient sich die EU daher zweier Instrumente: Während die im Jahre 1990 erlassene europäische Fusionskontrollverordnung Wettbewerbsverfälschungen auf Unternehmensebene effektiv entgegenzuwirken versucht, regelt und überwacht die Beihilfenkontrolle die Beihilfenvergabe durch die Mitgliedstaaten. Gegenstand dieser Hausarbeit wird eine nähere Untersuchung und kritische Betrachtung der Beihilfenkontrolle der EU sein. Einführend wird in Kapitel 2 zunächst der zentrale Gegenstand der Beihilfenkontrolle - sprich die Beihilfe - genauer betrachtet, bevor in gebotener Kürze ein Überblick über mögliche Vor-und Nachteile der Vergabe gegeben wird. Gegenstand des dritten Kapitels ist die Beihilfenkontrolle durch die Europäische Kommission. Zunächst werden die Zielsetzungen sowie die Kriterien für die Rechtmäßigkeit einer Beihilfe dargestellt. Daraufhin sollen kurz das Verfahren der Beihilfenkontrolle sowie die rechtlichen Schranken skizziert werden, wobei weniger einzelne Details besprochen als vielmehr die Grundzüge aufgezeigt werden. In Kapitel 4 erfolgt eine kritische Betrachtung der Beihilfenkontrolle und ihrer wichtigsten Problemfelder. Dabei werden zunächst die Überlastung der Kommission sowie die unzureichende Transparenz sowohl auf Seiten der Mitgliedstaaten als auch auf Seiten der Kommission betrachtet. Anschließend wird die Dimension politischer Zielkonflikte dargestellt, wobei auch ein kurzer Blick auf politökonomische Aspekte erfolgt. In einem letzten Punkt wird die Problematik unterschiedlicher wettbewerbstheoretischer Leitbilder innerhalb der EU und ihre Bedeutung für die Beihilfenkontrolle aufgezeigt, bevor in Kapitel 5 abschließend ein kurzes Fazit aus den vorangegangenen Überlegungen gezogen wird.
The Costs Of The Common Agricultural Policy
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Author : Allan E. Buckwell
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-08-06
The Costs Of The Common Agricultural Policy written by Allan E. Buckwell and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-06 with Nature categories.
First published in 1982. Considerable public controversy surrounded the large amount of public expenditure devoted to agriculture under the European Community’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). There were serious disputes over how the farm support system operated and how it was financed. This book describes the CAP situation and summarises previous attempts to assess some of the economic and financial flows arising from its creation using a common framework of well-established economic theory and methods. The CAP turned out to have a number of ‘costs’, depending on the concept of ‘cost’ used, the alternative policies considered, and the various assumptions made. The bulk of the book presents the structure and results of a comprehensive model of European Community agricultural markets and the associated CAP support mechanisms. This model is validated against official Community budget figures and then run to simulate a number of policy options and their consequences. This title will be of interest to students of economics, geography and agriculture.
The Common Agricultural Policy
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Author : Grace Skogstad
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-09-13
The Common Agricultural Policy written by Grace Skogstad and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-13 with Business & Economics categories.
The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a unique agricultural policy worldwide. For many years, its status as the only common European Community (EC) policy governed by EC institutions put it at the heart of European integration. Today the CAP is not the only common European Union (EU) policy. Even while it remains the sole instance of a regionally integrated agricultural policy, the CAP no longer embodies the same degree of cross-national harmonization of agricultural policy among EC/EU member states that it once did. The CAP has undergone policy reforms in the past two decades and these reforms have spawned a host of questions. What has caused the CAP to reform? How path-breaking are CAP reforms? Are they consistent with founding CAP goals or do they encompass new ideas about agriculture’s place in the economy and society? And what are the consequences of agricultural policy reforms: for European farmers, consumers and taxpayers; for European ‘public goods’ such as environmental sustainability and preservation of rural communities and landscapes; and for third parties outside the EU, including the WTO? This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of European Integration.
Agricultural Policy In Europe
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Author : Alan Greer
language : en
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Release Date : 2005-05-20
Agricultural Policy In Europe written by Alan Greer and has been published by Manchester University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-20 with Political Science categories.
This book provides a stimulating account of agricultural policy which goes beyond a narrow concern with the mechanisms and operation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and instead constructs a broader canvas, developing an assessment of the relationship between national, international and supranational institutions and actors in the agricultural sector. Among the theses covered by the book are: the different national policy styles across Europe in this sector; the evolution of the CAP; safety and regulation, the environment, and technological developments in food production such as genetic engineering.
Arguments Against The Common Agricultural Policy Of The Eu
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Author : Kenân Özkara
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2006-04-12
Arguments Against The Common Agricultural Policy Of The Eu written by Kenân Özkara and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-12 with Political Science categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Economic Policy, grade: 2,0, Leuven Catholic University, language: English, abstract: Executive Summary Initiated in 1962, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a system of agricultural subsidies. These subsidies work by guaranteeing a minimum price to producers, by deficiency payments or by direct income payments. The purpose of this paper is to question this policy by analyzing several impacts. As a result, we come to following main findings: The CAP causes budget troubles and costly disposal problems. Although agriculture is a declining sector that provides only about 4% of European jobs and 2% of European GDP, it is still provided with 46% of the EU budget in 2005. Furthermore, it is financed at the expense of consumers and taxpayers. The EU export subsidies and the dumping cause worldwide distortions in the agricultural sector. Moreover, CAP policy makers use misleading justifications of their practices. Although the CAP is often promoted as helping small family farms, the largest part of it goes to huge commercial corporations and to some royal families. The distribution is unequal to the degree that 20 % of the farms (i.e. the largest farms) get 80 % of the benefits. The smallest farms (40 % of the total number) share only 8 %. As such, small family farms receive subsidies of quite an insignificant nature. The CAP has encouraged the industrialization of agriculture, giving rise to factory farming practices and widespread animal suffering. The problem was that industrial farming led to more intensive use of land and chemicals. Former reforms caused the EU to proceed from price supports to direct income subsidies. Thus, the CAP could be gradually improved, but today there still remain a lot of problems inherent, that allow to question the “raison d’être” of the CAP. [...]
The Common Agricultural Policy Of The European Community
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1988-11-25
The Common Agricultural Policy Of The European Community written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-11-25 with Business & Economics categories.
This chapter discusses principles and consequences of the common agricultural policy (CAP) of the European Community (EC). It shows that agricultural pricing policies aimed at supporting farm incomes were already in place in EC member countries before the inception of the CAP; indeed, in the presence of these policies, the CAP was a logical consequence of the extension of the common market to the agricultural sector. Thus, the flaws of the CAP can be traced back to national policies and attitudes toward agriculture. Recognition of the burden of agricultural support on the rest of the economy, as well as the growing budgetary costs, has elicited a greater public interest in the CAP. Equally, the trade frictions caused by export subsidies have underlined the CAP's international implications. For these reasons, the member states appear more determined than hitherto to bring agricultural expenditure under control. Given the wider effects of the CAP both on EC economies and the international community, it is to be hoped that current efforts at reform will be successful.
The Common Agricultural Policy And Organic Farming
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Author : Kennet Lynggaard
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2006-01-01
The Common Agricultural Policy And Organic Farming written by Kennet Lynggaard and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The Common Agricultural Policy and Organic Farming covers how ideational change came about to enhance the understanding of change within the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and to plan and implement change in European agriculture policy. The contents cover institutional change within the CAP and focus on the institutional construction policy concerned with organic farming.
International Trade Consumer Interests And Reform Of The Common Agricultural Policy
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Author : Susan Senior Nello
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-06-10
International Trade Consumer Interests And Reform Of The Common Agricultural Policy written by Susan Senior Nello and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-10 with Business & Economics categories.
The European Union has launched an important debate on the future of the EU budget from 2013. This discussion is to cover all aspects of EU revenue and expenditure, including that on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The CAP has been radically transformed in recent years, but the issue of its reform, including its goals, its effectiveness in reaching them and the question of division of responsibility and financing between the EU and member states, is once again at the centre of attention. This collection features well-known experts in the field and aims to contribute to the debate on the present state and future prospects of the CAP and other EU policies. The topics covered range from the EU budget to food safety, rural development, sustainable food consumption, and the influence of international trade negotiations. Many of the ideas presented here are original and controversial and intended to fuel the debate on this important topic. For instance, there are various proposals for the EU budget, the division of responsibilities between the EU and its member states, and the shape of the CAP post-2013.
Evaluation Of The Problems Associated With The Utilisation Of The European Unit Of Account For The Common Agricultural Policy
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Author : European Parliament. Directorate General for Research and Documentation
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Evaluation Of The Problems Associated With The Utilisation Of The European Unit Of Account For The Common Agricultural Policy written by European Parliament. Directorate General for Research and Documentation and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Agriculture and state categories.
The Political Economy Of The 2014 2020 Common Agricultural Policy
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Author : Johan F.M. Swinnen
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2015-07-30
The Political Economy Of The 2014 2020 Common Agricultural Policy written by Johan F.M. Swinnen and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-30 with Political Science categories.
After five years of debates, consultations and negotiations, the European institutions reached an agreement in 2013 on the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the 2014-2020 period. The outcome has major implications for the EU’s budget and farmers’ incomes, but also for Europe’s environment, its contribution to global climate change and to food security in the EU and in the world. It was decided to spend more than €400 billion during the rest of the decade on the CAP. The official claims are that the new CAP will take better account of society's expectations and lead to far-reaching changes by making subsidies fairer and ‘greener’ and making the CAP more efficient. It is also asserted that the CAP will play a key part in achieving the overall objective of promoting smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. However, there is significant scepticism about these claims and disappointment with the outcome of the decision-making, the first in which the European Parliament was involved under the co-decision procedure. In contrast to earlier reforms where more substantive changes were made to the CAP, the factors that induced the policy discussions in 2008-13 and those that influenced the decision-making did not reinforce each other. On the contrary, they sometimes counteracted one another, yielding an ‘imperfect storm’ as it were, resulting in more status quo and fewer changes. This book discusses the outcome of the decision-making and the factors that influenced the policy choices and decisions. It brings together contributions from leading academics from various disciplines and policy-makers, and key participants in the process from the European Commission and the European Parliament.