Process For Strengthening Aluminum Based Ceramics And Material
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Process For Strengthening Aluminum Based Ceramics And Material
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Process For Strengthening Aluminum Based Ceramics And Material written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
A process for strengthening aluminum based ceramics is provided. A gaseous atmosphere consisting essentially of silicon monoxide gas is formed by exposing a source of silicon to an atmosphere consisting essentially of hydrogen and a sufficient amount of water vapor. The aluminum based ceramic is exposed to the gaseous silicon monoxide atmosphere for a period of time and at a temperature sufficient to produce a continuous, stable silicon-containing film on the surface of the aluminum based ceramic that increases the strength of the ceramic.
Wetting Of Alumina Based Ceramics By Aluminum Alloys
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Author : Thomas Lebeau
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Wetting Of Alumina Based Ceramics By Aluminum Alloys written by Thomas Lebeau and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
"The conventional experimental approach to wettability consists of measuring the contact angle of a drop of the liquid metal resting on flat substrate of the ceramic reinforcement materials." --
Strength And Toughness Of Materials
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Author : Toshiro Kobayashi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Strength And Toughness Of Materials written by Toshiro Kobayashi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
As the shift from the Metal Age progresses, materials engineers and materials scientists seek new analytical and design methods to create stronger and more reliable materials. Based on extensive research and developmental work done at the author’s multi-disciplinary material laboratory, this graduate-level and professional reference addresses the relationship between fracture mechanisms (macroscale) and the microscopic, with the goal of explaining macroscopic fracture behavior based on a microscopic fracture mechanism. A careful fusion of mechanics and materials science, this text and monograph systematically considers an array of materials, from metals through ceramics and polymers, and demonstrates lab-tested strategies to develop desirable high-temperature materials for technological applications.
The Effect Of Microstructure In Aluminum Oxide Ceramics On Acoustic Loss Mechanisms
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Author : Stephen Bottiglieri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Effect Of Microstructure In Aluminum Oxide Ceramics On Acoustic Loss Mechanisms written by Stephen Bottiglieri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Acoustic spectroscopy categories.
Ceramic materials have become increasingly popular for use in a wide range of applications due to their favorable mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Specifically, aluminum oxide, or alumina (Al2O3), is one of the most studied and widely used ceramic materials available today. Along with their superior physical properties, alumina-based materials are suitable for many functions due to the variety of processing techniques available, the ability to create tailored microstructures with multiple secondary phases, their shear abundance, and their relatively low cost. Regardless of what an alumina-based material is used for, its ability to perform to its peak potential is directly dependent on its microstructure. Microstructural variations or heterogeneities throughout large sample volumes can severely degrade the physical properties of alumina-based materials. Variations and heterogeneities in this case refer to variations in density and grain size, unreacted sintering additives, unwanted secondary phases, or large porosity. The ability to predict the performance of not just alumina-based materials but any ceramic material will be dictated by the ability to understand the type, size, and concentration of all features present throughout the bulk microstructure. Ultrasound nondestructive testing was chosen as the method for characterizing the microstructures of dense, polycrystalline, high hardness, aluminum oxide materials. The acoustic waves interact with all aspects of a material's microstructure through frequency dependent mechanisms. These interactions include those with grains, secondary phases, solid inclusions, and porosity. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing is a volumetric technique meaning that a single point contains information relating to billions of features throughout the bulk material. This testing is also performed over large sample areas such that C-Scan maps of elastic properties, sonic velocities, or the degree of acoustic energy loss may be obtained. The work performed in this thesis involves deconvoluting temporal sample surface reflections seen in an oscilloscope to obtain frequency-based attenuation coefficient spectra. These spectra contain all microstructural information relating to the size scale in which the acoustic wave is capable of directly interacting with. Further testing includes defining frequency regimes where one of two possible dominant acoustic loss mechanisms is operable: scattering or absorption. Within the overarching categories of acoustic scattering and absorption lie specific types of loss mechanisms related to each. For scattering there are three regimes, Rayleigh, stochastic, and diffuse, which describe how acoustic energy is lost depending on wavelength and scatterer size. Absorption is the general term used for multiple types of loss mechanisms which rely on converting sound energy into heat. The primary loss mechanisms seen in the alumina-based materials studied in this thesis were intraparticle thermoelastic absorption, Rayleigh scattering, and stochastic scattering. An analytical solution relating the amount of acoustic energy which is lost due to thermoelastic absorption was derived along with a functional form to predict secondary phase grain size distributions through the use of acoustic spectroscopy. Determination of material constants, used to relate attenuation-based measurements to grain size based on acoustic scattering, allowed for the prediction of average alumina grain sizes. Four custom engineered alumina-based sample series were created with the intention of testing and validating the absorption and scattering concepts behind acoustic spectroscopy. Acoustic techniques were developed and applied to single points and large sample areas to obtain microstructural information relating to secondary phase size distributions as well as Al2O3 average grain sizes. Comparisons to results obtained through the use of conventional microstructural testing, including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) imaging and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), showed strong correlations between measured and predicted results. The testing performed in this thesis expounds upon the knowledge of ultrasonic interaction in dense, polycrystalline, ceramics and offers novel characterization methods using acoustic spectroscopy which can be proliferated for use with a wide range of other high density materials.
New Metallophilic Colloidal Ceramics
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Author : Guy B. Alexander
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
New Metallophilic Colloidal Ceramics written by Guy B. Alexander and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with categories.
In this study, TRA has examined the possibility of using alumina and/or thoria for dispersion hardening of aluminum base alloys. Thoria apparently is not wetted by the aluminum alloy, and hence does not appear to be a candidate for the intended use. On the other hand, alumina is wetted and has been dispersed in a submicron state. The opportunity to produce aluminum alloys with superior high temperature strength is real. The conditions for wetting submicron alumina into a molten alloy of aluminum-copper-magnesium have been demonstrated. This was accomplished by adding copper-alumina master mix slugs to molten aluminum-magnesium. The alloy containing the dispersed oxide was cast and the resulting metal analysed by electron microscopy and hardness after working followed by annealing. Hardness showed retention of properties of annealing. The micrographs showed alumina dispersed uniformly throughout the cast structure at an interparticle (IPS) spacing in the range of 150-200 millimicrons. This is even smaller than the spacing of particles in TD Nickel. Control of IPS at any level from 100 millimicrons and up has been demonstrated. The new alloy, called oxide dispersion strengthened aluminum or ODS aluminum, is expected to have useful metallurgical strength, at 500-550 C, and thus increase the useful temperature range of aluminum base alloys by at least 200 centigrade degrees. (AW).
Materials Processing
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Author : Lorraine F. Francis
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-12-28
Materials Processing written by Lorraine F. Francis and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Materials Processing is the first textbook to bring the fundamental concepts of materials processing together in a unified approach that highlights the overlap in scientific and engineering principles. It teaches students the key principles involved in the processing of engineering materials, specifically metals, ceramics and polymers, from starting or raw materials through to the final functional forms. Its self-contained approach is based on the state of matter most central to the shaping of the material: melt, solid, powder, dispersion and solution, and vapor. With this approach, students learn processing fundamentals and appreciate the similarities and differences between the materials classes. The book uses a consistent nomenclature that allow for easier comparisons between various materials and processes. Emphasis is on fundamental principles that gives students a strong foundation for understanding processing and manufacturing methods. Development of connections between processing and structure builds on students’ existing knowledge of structure-property relationships. Examples of both standard and newer additive manufacturing methods throughout provide students with an overview of the methods that they will likely encounter in their careers. This book is intended primarily for upper-level undergraduates and beginning graduate students in Materials Science and Engineering who are already schooled in the structure and properties of metals, ceramics and polymers, and are ready to apply their knowledge to materials processing. It will also appeal to students from other engineering disciplines who have completed an introductory materials science and engineering course. Coverage of metal, ceramic and polymer processing in a single text provides a self-contained approach and consistent nomenclature that allow for easier comparisons between various materials and processes Emphasis on fundamental principles gives students a strong foundation for understanding processing and manufacturing methods Development of connections between processing and structure builds on students’ existing knowledge of structure - property relationships Examples of both standard and newer additive manufacturing methods throughout provide students with an overview of the methods that they will likely encounter in their careers
Microstructure And Properties Of Materials
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Author : J C M Li
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date : 2000-10-09
Microstructure And Properties Of Materials written by J C M Li and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This is the second volume of an advanced textbook on microstructure and properties of materials. (The first volume is on aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, metal matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, ceramics matrix composites, inorganic glasses, superconducting materials and magnetic materials). It covers titanium alloys, titanium aluminides, iron aluminides, iron and steels, iron-based bulk amorphous alloys and nanocrystalline materials. There are many elementary materials science textbooks, but one can find very few advanced texts suitable for graduate school courses. The contributors to this volume are experts in the subject, and hence, together with the first volume, it is a good text for graduate microstructure courses. It is a rich source of design ideas and applications, and will provide a good understanding of how microstructure affects the properties of materials. Chapter 1, on titanium alloys, covers production, thermomechanical processing, microstructure, mechanical properties and applications. Chapter 2, on titanium aluminides, discusses phase stability, bulk and defect properties, deformation mechanisms of single phase materials and polysynthetically twinned crystals, and interfacial structures and energies between phases of different compositions. Chapter 3, on iron aluminides, reviews the physical and mechanical metallurgy of Fe3Al and FeAl, the two important structural intermetallics. Chapter 4, on iron and steels, presents methodology, microstructure at various levels, strength, ductility and strengthening, toughness and toughening, environmental cracking and design against fracture for many different kinds of steels. Chapter 5, on bulk amorphous alloys, covers the critical cooling rate and the effect of composition on glass formation and the accompanying mechanical and magnetic properties of the glasses. Chapter 6, on nanocrystalline materials, describes the preparation from vapor, liquid and solid states, microstructure including grain boundaries and their junctions, stability with respect to grain growth, particulate consolidation while maintaining the nanoscale microstructure, physical, chemical, mechanical, electric, magnetic and optical properties and applications in cutting tools, superplasticity, coatings, transformers, magnetic recordings, catalysis and hydrogen storage.
Materials Science And Technology
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Author : Robert W. Cahn
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
Release Date : 1991
Materials Science And Technology written by Robert W. Cahn and has been published by Wiley-VCH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Science categories.
Steel represents one of the most often used, and versatile construction materials. This volume provides a unique overview of the various types of steel, their properties and applications. From the Contents: Krauss: Microstructure and Transformations in Steel. Pickering: Structure-Property Relationships in Steels/High Strength Low Alloy Steels. Nicholson/Thornton: Steelmaking and Non-Metallic Inclusions. Ohtani: Processing - Conventional Heat Treatments. Kozasu: Processing - Thermomechanical Controlled Processing. Hudd: Processing - Cold Working and Annealing. Abe: Formable Steels. Gladman: Medium/High Carbon Steels for Rails, Rods, Bars and Forgings. Naylor/Cook: Heat Treated Engineering Steels. Gemmill: Creep Resisting Steels. Truman: Stainless Steels. Rayson: Tool Steels. Betteridge: Iron, Nickel and Cobalt Based Superalloys and Heat Resistant Alloys. Elliott: Cast Irons.
International Journal Of Powder Metallurgy
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
International Journal Of Powder Metallurgy written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Powder metallurgy categories.
Opportunities In Protection Materials Science And Technology For Future Army Applications
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-08-27
Opportunities In Protection Materials Science And Technology For Future Army Applications written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Armor plays a significant role in the protection of warriors. During the course of history, the introduction of new materials and improvements in the materials already used to construct armor has led to better protection and a reduction in the weight of the armor. But even with such advances in materials, the weight of the armor required to manage threats of ever-increasing destructive capability presents a huge challenge. Opportunities in Protection Materials Science and Technology for Future Army Applications explores the current theoretical and experimental understanding of the key issues surrounding protection materials, identifies the major challenges and technical gaps for developing the future generation of lightweight protection materials, and recommends a path forward for their development. It examines multiscale shockwave energy transfer mechanisms and experimental approaches for their characterization over short timescales, as well as multiscale modeling techniques to predict mechanisms for dissipating energy. The report also considers exemplary threats and design philosophy for the three key applications of armor systems: (1) personnel protection, including body armor and helmets, (2) vehicle armor, and (3) transparent armor. Opportunities in Protection Materials Science and Technology for Future Army Applications recommends that the Department of Defense (DoD) establish a defense initiative for protection materials by design (PMD), with associated funding lines for basic and applied research. The PMD initiative should include a combination of computational, experimental, and materials testing, characterization, and processing research conducted by government, industry, and academia.