Protocole De Nagoya Et Protection Juridique Des Savoirs Traditionnels Associ S Aux Ressources G N Tiques
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Protocole De Nagoya Et Protection Juridique Des Savoirs Traditionnels Associ S Aux Ressources G N Tiques
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Author : Pag-yendu M. Yentcharé
language : fr
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Protocole De Nagoya Et Protection Juridique Des Savoirs Traditionnels Associ S Aux Ressources G N Tiques written by Pag-yendu M. Yentcharé and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Cette thèse traite de la protection juridique des savoirs traditionnels. Cette question est devenue un problème public à la faveur de la dénonciation, par plusieurs acteurs de la société civile, d'actes de biopiraterie. La biopiraterie désigne l'appropriation illicite des savoirs traditionnels des peuples autochtones ou des communautés locales (PACL) par des utilisateurs qui s'en servent pour fabriquer de nouveaux produits (alimentaires, cosmétiques ou pharmaceutiques) protégés par des droits de propriété intellectuelle – surtout des brevets –, sans toutefois reconnaitre l'apport des PACL dans la création de l'innovation protégée. Face à ce problème, le droit international propose deux réponses. D'une part, l'article 5(5) du Protocole de Nagoya, entré en vigueur le 12 octobre 2014, pose le principe du partage juste et équitable, avec les communautés autochtones ou locales, des avantages monétaires et non monétaires, résultant de l'utilisation de leurs savoirs traditionnels sur les vertus des plantes ou animaux. Ce principe est toutefois conditionné par les conditions et limites que peut fixer le droit national de l'État fournisseur. D'autre part, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OMPI) élabore depuis 18 ans des projets de lois spécifiques dites sui generis, pour protéger les savoirs traditionnels, invoquant l'inadéquation du brevet pour ce faire puisque les savoirs traditionnels ne rempliraient pas les conditions de nouveauté, d'inventivité et d'application industrielle requis par les droits nationaux de brevet. Ces deux solutions, considérées comme complémentaires, ne semblent toutefois pas parvenir à répondre efficacement au problème de la protection des savoirs traditionnels. Cette thèse cherche donc une solution juridique qui soit plus adaptée aux réalités vécues par les PACL. À partir de l'approche de la construction sociale du droit et des concepts de reconnaissance, d'équité et de justice environnementale, cette thèse veut comprendre comment se sont structuré les deux approches majoritaires concernant la protection des savoirs traditionnels associés aux ressources génétiques en droit international. Cette réflexion ouvre à la possibilité de remise en cause de la non-brevetabilité des savoirs traditionnels, grâce à une étude de trois cas de biopiraterie (les affaires du Hoodia gordonii, du Guiera senegalensis et de la Quassia amara). Elle suggère également, à l'occasion de la mise en œuvre du Protocole de Nagoya, une approche renouvelée et pragmatique du brevet comme outil de protection des savoirs traditionnels.
A Virus In Water Study Of Finished Water From Six Communities
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Author : Elmer W. Akin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
A Virus In Water Study Of Finished Water From Six Communities written by Elmer W. Akin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Drinking water categories.
Quinoa
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Author : Atul Bhargava
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2013-09-23
Quinoa written by Atul Bhargava and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-23 with Science categories.
Quinoa is an invaluable crop, highlighted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as one of the world's main crops for future food security. The first comprehensive review of quinoa, this book includes four sections covering the history of the crop, phylogeny and systematics, botany and agrotechnology, and the qualitative aspects, economics and marketing of quinoa, making it a vital resource for students and researchers of crop science.
Savannas And Dry Forests
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Author : Jayalaxshmi Mistry
language : en
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Release Date : 2006
Savannas And Dry Forests written by Jayalaxshmi Mistry and has been published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Science categories.
Parched landscapes, biodiversity loss, encroaching deserts and deforestation are some of the environmental crises taking place in tropical savannas and dry forests throughout the world. However, unless we understand the human-environment relationship in these regions, we will never truly identify the causes or be able to provide solutions. This book therefore focuses on the roles of the past, present and future human perceptions and actions on savannas and dry forests.
Maintenance Of Nuclear Power Plants
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Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
language : en
Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency
Release Date : 1990
Maintenance Of Nuclear Power Plants written by International Atomic Energy Agency and has been published by International Atomic Energy Agency this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with categories.
The Kanak Awakening
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Author : David A. Chappell
language : en
Publisher: Pacific Islands Monograph
Release Date : 2013-10-31
The Kanak Awakening written by David A. Chappell and has been published by Pacific Islands Monograph this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-31 with History categories.
In 1853, France annexed the Melanesian islands of New Caledonia to establish a convict colony and strategic port of call. Unlike other European settler–dominated countries in the Pacific, the territory’s indigenous people remained more numerous than immigrants for over a century. Despite military conquest, land dispossession, and epidemics, its thirty language groups survived on tribal reserves and nurtured customary traditions and identities. In addition, colonial segregation into the racial category of canaques helped them to find new unity. When neighboring anglophone colonies began to decolonize in the 1960s, France retained tight control of New Caledonia for its nickel reserves, reversing earlier policies that had granted greater autonomy for the islands. Anticolonial protest movements culminated in the 1980s Kanak revolt, after which two negotiated peace accords resulted in autonomy in a progressive form and officially recognized Kanak identity for the first time. But the near-parity of settlers and Kanak continues to make nation-building a challenging task, despite a 1998 agreement among Kanak and settlers to seek a “common destiny.” This study examines the rise in New Caledonia of rival identity formations that became increasingly polarized in the 1970s and examines in particular the emergence of activist discourses in favor of Kanak cultural nationalism and land reform, multiracial progressive sovereignty, or a combination of both aspirations. Most studies of modern New Caledonia focus on the violent 1980s uprising, which left deep scars on local memories and identities. Yet the genesis of that rebellion began with a handful of university students who painted graffiti on public buildings in 1969, and such activists discussed many of the same issues that face the country’s leadership today. After examining the historical, cultural, and intellectual background of that movement, this work draws on new research in public and private archives and interviews with participants to trace the rise of a nationalist movement that ultimately restored self-government and legalized indigenous aspirations for sovereignty in a local citizenship with its own symbols. Kanak now govern two out of three provinces and have an important voice in the Congress of New Caledonia, but they are a slight demographic minority. Their quest for nationhood must achieve consensus with the immigrant communities, much as the founders of the independence movement in the 1970s recommended.
Figured Worlds
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Author : Professor John Clammer
language : en
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Figured Worlds written by Professor John Clammer and has been published by University of Toronto Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Social Science categories.
"World Visions can conceive of everything except alternative world visions." If this pronouncement by Umberto Eco is right, how can any ethnic group conceive of living with another group on the same territory - in Canada or elsewhere - if their world visions are incompatible? Can we sidestep incompatible world visions or should we try to understand them? Figured Worlds explores the possibilities of equilibrium between commitments to mutual understanding and the framing of strategies of negotiation. This collection begins its rich analytical investigation by describing how people - Australian Aborigines, New Zealand Maori, Japanese, and Africans - first learn the figured worlds of their own culture, made up of sensations, affirmations and will, prophecy, revelation, myth, dream, and metamorphoses. It then sets out how diverse figured worlds within a given social system are related, and concludes by offering insightful mappings of the dynamics of these relations, perceived in both their existential-ontological aspects, as well as their material-practical means. Comprising scholarship that is half Canadian and half British, this work offers important foundational perspectives into the thought worlds of cultures found within other cultures.
Cultivating Biodiversity To Transform Agriculture
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Author : Étienne Hainzelin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-12-04
Cultivating Biodiversity To Transform Agriculture written by Étienne Hainzelin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
How can cultivated plant biodiversity contribute to the transformation and the "ecologization" of agriculture in Southern countries? Based on extensive field work in the Southern countries, a great deal of scientific progress is presented in all areas affecting agriculture (agronomy, plant breeding and crop protection, cultivation systems, etc.) in order to intensify the ecological processes in cultivated plots and at the scale of rural landscapes.
Transmission Of Viruses By The Water Route
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Author : Gerald Berg
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1967
Transmission Of Viruses By The Water Route written by Gerald Berg and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1967 with Communicable diseases categories.
Entangled Territorialities
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Author : Françoise Dussart
language : en
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
Release Date : 2017-01-01
Entangled Territorialities written by Françoise Dussart and has been published by University of Toronto Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-01 with Law categories.
Entangled Territorialities offers vivid ethnographic examples of how Indigenous lands in Australia and Canada are tangled with governments, industries, and mainstream society. Most of the entangled lands to which Indigenous peoples are connected have been physically transformed and their ecological balance destroyed. Each chapter in this volume refers to specific circumstances in which Indigenous peoples have become intertwined with non-Aboriginal institutions and projects including the construction of hydroelectric dams and open mining pits. Long after the agents of resource extraction have abandoned these lands to their fate, Indigenous peoples will continue to claim ancestral ties and responsibilities that cannot be understood by agents of capitalism. The editors and contributors to this volume develop an anthropology of entanglement to further examine the larger debates about the vexed relationships between settlers and indigenous peoples over the meaning, knowledge, and management of traditionally-owned lands.