Quantifying And Visualizing Uncertainty Of 3d Geological Structures With Implicit Methods
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Quantifying And Visualizing Uncertainty Of 3d Geological Structures With Implicit Methods
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Author : Leo Yang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Quantifying And Visualizing Uncertainty Of 3d Geological Structures With Implicit Methods written by Leo Yang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Geological structures significantly contribute the complex interaction of physical processes in subsurface systems. The evaluation of the spatial distribution of geological structures in the subsurface are crucial for various applications, so sophisticated methods are needed to model and visualize geological structures in 3D. However, uncertainties are unavoidable for these 3D models, due to sparsity and imprecision of data, as well as people's lack of geological understanding. Both methodological and computational challenges exist in addressing uncertainties of 3D geological structures. This dissertation addresses these challenges, by presenting new practical methods for quantifying and visualizing the uncertainty of geological structures with implicit methods. To enhance people's communication and perception about structural uncertainty, a new method based on the idea of stochastic motion is proposed first. Geological surfaces are represented as the addition of trend functions, initialized with signed distance functions, and residual functions, subject to constraints of data and geological age relationships. The uncertainty is assessed by independent realizations drawn by Monte Carlo sampling. The uncertainty is visualized by a "smooth" movie of gradually evolving geological surfaces that have the same stationary distribution as Monte Carlo realizations, sampled by McMC. The method is illustrated using a synthetic data set from a copper deposit, where denser drillholes constrain an ore body with seven different lithologies. For handling more complex cases with even denser data and more geological rules, a framework to model large-scale geological structures is presented. Due to the non-stationary and complex nature of large-scale geological structures, performing global interpolation with all dense data together may create artifacts that are geologically unrealistic. Therefore, the proposed framework uses a divide-and-conquer strategy. The core idea is to create intermediate implicit 3D geological models that match subsets of data and then recombine them into a single large 3D geological model, while maintaining data and geological rule constraints. The framework is successfully applied to model the stratigraphy model of a large-scale banded iron formation in Western Australia with dense boreholes. Finally, an efficient Bayesian framework to quantify the uncertainty of implicit geological structures with geophysical data is introduced. Geophysical data provide critical information and constraints for validating subsurface models. Bayesian frameworks are often needed for quantifying uncertainty of 3D geological structures in inverse problems, but challenges exist, due to the high dimensional nature of spatial models. Implicit representation of geological structures transforms discrete geological objects into a continuous variable, i.e., a scalar field; dimension reduction techniques such as principal component analysis can be applied because of the implicit representation. Rejection sampling and Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithms are designed to work in the case. Results show that computing time is saved when sampling new model realizations from the low dimensional space. The method is demonstrated with a mineral-hosting region in Western Australia with gravity data.
Characterization Of Ore Forming Systems From Geological Geochemical And Geophysical Studies
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Author : K. Gessner
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2018-08-07
Characterization Of Ore Forming Systems From Geological Geochemical And Geophysical Studies written by K. Gessner and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-07 with Science categories.
Economically viable concentrations of mineral resources are uncommon in Earth’s crust. Most ore deposits that were mined in the past or are currently being extracted were found at or near Earth’s surface, often serendipitously. To meet the future demand for mineral resources, exploration success hinges on identifying targets at depth. Achieving this requires accurate and informed models of the Earth's crust that are consistent with all available geological, geochemical and geophysical information, paired with an understanding of how ore-forming systems relate to Earth’s evolving structure. Contributions to this volume address the future resources challenge by (i) applying advanced microscale geochemical detection and characterization methods, (ii) introducing more rigorous 3D Earth models, (iii) exploring critical behaviour and coupled processes, (iv) evaluating the role of geodynamic and tectonic setting and (v) applying 3D structural models to characterize specific ore-forming systems.
Advances In Geophysics
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Author : Cedric Schmelzbach
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-11-13
Advances In Geophysics written by Cedric Schmelzbach and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-13 with Science categories.
Advances in Geophysics is a highly-respected publication in the field of geophysics. Since 1952, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with over 50 volumes, the series contains much material still relevant today – truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of geophysics. Provides high-level reviews of the latest innovations in geophysics Written by recognized experts in the field Presents an essential publication for researchers in all fields of geophysics
Modeling Uncertainty In Metric Space
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Author : Kwangwon Park
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Modeling Uncertainty In Metric Space written by Kwangwon Park and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Modeling uncertainty for future prediction requires drawing multiple posterior models. Such drawing within a Bayesian framework is dependent on the likelihood (data-model relationship) as well as prior distribution of the model variables, For the uncertainty assessment in the Earth models, we propose the framework of Modeling Uncertainty in Metric Space (MUMS) to achieve this in a general way. MUMS constructs a metric space where the models are represented exclusively by a distance correlated with or equal to the difference in their responses (application-tailored distance). In the framework of MUMS, various operations are available: projection of metric space by multi-dimensional scaling, model expansion by kernel Karhunen-Loeve expansion, generation of additional prior model by solving the pre-image problem, and generation of multiple posterior models by solving the post-image problem. We propose a robust solution for the pre-image problem: geologically constrained optimization, which utilizes the probability perturbation method from the solution of the fixed-point iteration algorithm. Additionally, we introduce a so-called post-image problem for obtaining the feature expansion of the ''true Earth'' by defining a distance as the difference in their responses. The combination of geologically constrained optimization and the post-image problem efficiently generates multiple posterior Earth models constrained to prior geologic information, hard data, and nonlinear time-dependent data. The proposed method provides a realistic uncertainty model for future prediction, compared with the result of the rejection sampler. We also propose a metric ensemble Kalman filter (Metric EnKF), which applies the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to the parameterizations by the kernel KL expansion in metric space. Metric EnKF overcomes some critical limitations of EnKF: it preserves prior geologic information; it creates a stable and consistent filtering. However, the results of Metric EnKF applied to various cases including the Brugge field-scale synthetic reservoir show the same problem as with the EnKF in general, that is, it does not provide a realistic uncertainty model.
3d Digital Geological Models
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Author : Andrea Bistacchi
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-03-29
3d Digital Geological Models written by Andrea Bistacchi and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-29 with Science categories.
3D DIGITAL GEOLOGICAL MODELS Discover the practical aspects of modeling techniques and their applicability on both terrestrial and extraterrestrial structures A wide overlap exists in the methodologies used by geoscientists working on the Earth and those focused on other planetary bodies in the Solar System. Over the course of a series of sessions at the General Assemblies of the European Geosciences Union in Vienna, the intersection found in 3D characterization and modeling of geological and geomorphological structures for all terrestrial bodies in our solar system revealed that there are similar datasets and common techniques for the study of all planets—Earth and beyond—from a geological point-of-view. By looking at Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs), Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), or Shape Models (SM), researchers may achieve digital representations of outcrops, topographic surfaces, or entire small bodies of the Solar System, like asteroids or comet nuclei. 3D Digital Geological Models: From Terrestrial Outcrops to Planetary Surfaces has two central objectives, to highlight the similarities that geological disciplines have in common when applied to entities in the Solar System, and to encourage interdisciplinary communication and collaboration between different scientific communities. The book particularly focuses on analytical techniques on DOMs, DEMs and SMs that allow for quantitative characterization of outcrops and geomorphological features. It also highlights innovative 3D interpretation and modeling strategies that allow scientists to gain new and more advanced quantitative results on terrestrial and extraterrestrial structures. 3D Digital Geological Models: From Terrestrial Outcrops to Planetary Surfaces readers will also find: The first volume dedicated to this subject matter that successfully integrates methodology and applications A series of methodological chapters that provide instruction on best practices involving DOMs, DEMs, and SMs A wide range of case studies, including small- to large-scale projects on Earth, Mars, the 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet, and the Moon Examples of how data collected at surface can help reconstruct 3D subsurface models 3D Digital Geological Models: From Terrestrial Outcrops to Planetary Surfaces is a useful reference for academic researchers in earth science, structural geology, geophysics, petroleum geology, remote sensing, geostatistics, and planetary scientists, and graduate students studying in these fields. It will also be of interest for professionals from industry, particularly those in the mining and hydrocarbon fields.
Problems And Solutions In Structural Geology And Tectonics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2019-02-26
Problems And Solutions In Structural Geology And Tectonics written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-26 with Science categories.
Problems and Solutions in Structural Geology and Tectonics, Volume 5, in the series Developments in Structural Geology and Tectonics, presents students, researchers and practitioners with an all-new set of problems and solutions that structural geologists and tectonics researchers commonly face. Topics covered include ductile deformation (such as strain analyses), brittle deformation (such as rock fracturing), brittle-ductile deformation, collisional and shortening tectonics, thrust-related exercises, rift and extensional tectonics, strike slip tectonics, and cross-section balancing exercises. The book provides a how-to guide for students of structural geology and geologists working in the oil, gas and mining industries. Provides practical solutions to industry-related issues, such as well bore stability Allows for self-study and includes background information and explanation of research and industry jargon Includes full color diagrams to explain 3D issues
Electromagnetic Methods In Applied Geophysics
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Author : Misac N. Nabighian
language : en
Publisher: SEG Books
Release Date : 1988
Electromagnetic Methods In Applied Geophysics written by Misac N. Nabighian and has been published by SEG Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Electromagnetic fields categories.
As a slag heap, the result of strip mining, creeps closer to his house in the Ohio hills, fifteen-year-old M. C. is torn between trying to get his family away and fighting for the home they love.
Uncertainty Quantification In Laminated Composites
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Author : Sudip Dey
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-09-19
Uncertainty Quantification In Laminated Composites written by Sudip Dey and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-19 with Mathematics categories.
Over the last few decades, uncertainty quantification in composite materials and structures has gained a lot of attention from the research community as a result of industrial requirements. This book presents computationally efficient uncertainty quantification schemes following meta-model-based approaches for stochasticity in material and geometric parameters of laminated composite structures. Several metamodels have been studied and comparative results have been presented for different static and dynamic responses. Results for sensitivity analyses are provided for a comprehensive coverage of the relative importance of different material and geometric parameters in the global structural responses.
Mont Terri Rock Laboratory 20 Years
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Author : Paul Bossart
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2017-12-20
Mont Terri Rock Laboratory 20 Years written by Paul Bossart and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-20 with Science categories.
The international Mont Terri rock laboratory in Switzerland plays a central role in the safety and construction of deep geological nuclear repositories in clay formations. The laboratory has developed and refined a range of new measurement and evaluation methods: it has e.g. advanced the determination of rock parameters using innovative borehole geophysics, improved the methodology for characterizing pore-water and microbial activity in claystones, and greatly improved our understanding of diffusion and retention processes of radionuclides in and through claystones. The methods and insights described in this compendium can also be applied to low-permeability rocks at various sites around the globe, and in other fields of application.
Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling
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Author : Michael J. Pyrcz
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2014-04-16
Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling written by Michael J. Pyrcz and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-16 with Mathematics categories.
Published in 2002, the first edition of Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling brought the practice of petroleum geostatistics into a coherent framework, focusing on tools, techniques, examples, and guidance. It emphasized the interaction between geophysicists, geologists, and engineers, and was received well by professionals, academics, and both graduate and undergraduate students. In this revised second edition, Deutsch collaborates with co-author Michael Pyrcz to provide an expanded (in coverage and format), full color illustrated, more comprehensive treatment of the subject with a full update on the latest tools, methods, practice, and research in the field of petroleum Geostatistics. Key geostatistical concepts such as integration of geologic data and concepts, scale considerations, and uncertainty models receive greater attention, and new comprehensive sections are provided on preliminary geological modeling concepts, data inventory, conceptual model, problem formulation, large scale modeling, multiple point-based simulation and event-based modeling. Geostatistical methods are extensively illustrated through enhanced schematics, work flows and examples with discussion on method capabilities and selection. For example, this expanded second edition includes extensive discussion on the process of moving from an inventory of data and concepts through conceptual model to problem formulation to solve practical reservoir problems. A greater number of examples are included, with a set of practical geostatistical studies developed to illustrate the steps from data analysis and cleaning to post-processing, and ranking. New methods, which have developed in the field since the publication of the first edition, are discussed, such as models for integration of diverse data sources, multiple point-based simulation, event-based simulation, spatial bootstrap and methods to summarize geostatistical realizations.