Quantifying The Benefits Of Liberalising Trade In Services
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Quantifying The Benefits Of Liberalising Trade In Services
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2003-06-04
Quantifying The Benefits Of Liberalising Trade In Services written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-04 with categories.
Amongst other issues, the papers in this volume explore fundamental issues for empirical research on trade in services. It highlights the specific data requirements and conceptual challenges for modelling liberalisation of services.
Quantifying The Benefits Of Liberalising Trade In Services
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Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Quantifying The Benefits Of Liberalising Trade In Services written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Quantifying The Benefits Of Services Trade Liberalisation
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Author : Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Quantifying The Benefits Of Services Trade Liberalisation written by Australia. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Quantifying The Benefits Of Services Trade Liberalisation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Quantifying The Benefits Of Services Trade Liberalisation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Free trade categories.
Assessing The Benefits To Developing Countries Of Liberalisation In Services Trade
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Author : John Whalley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Assessing The Benefits To Developing Countries Of Liberalisation In Services Trade written by John Whalley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
This paper discusses the potential impacts of services trade liberalisation on developing countries and reviews existing quantitative studies. Its purpose is to distill themes from current literature rather than to advocate specific policy changes. The picture emerging is one of valiant attempts to quantify in the presence of formidable analytical and data problems yielding only a clouded image of likely impacts on trade, consumption, production and welfare emerging to the point that the policy implications of results are not always clear. A central intuition would seem to be that with genuine two-sided (OECD/non-OECD) liberalisation in services that are seemingly considerably labour-intensive in delivery, the potential should be there for significant developing country gains from global liberalisation allowing full cross-border delivery. However, this picture is neither fully endorsed by available studies, neither is it explicitly contradicted. This seems to be the case for a number of reasons. One difficulty with the studies is that the conceptual underpinnings of what determines trade in services and how this trade differs analytically from that of trade in goods (if at all) is an issue prior to assessments of impacts of liberalisation of trade in services on developing countries being discussed. Key issues here are the treatment of mobility for service providers (both firms and workers), and the differing analytical structures needed to analyse individual service items (banking, insurance, telecoms, etc.). Some recent analytical work suggests that liberalisation in some service items, such as banking, need not always yield gains, and this contrasts with quantitative studies where analytical structures mirror conventional trade in goods treatments. The discussion and measurement of barriers to service trade in both developed and developing countries is also problematic. One is talking of domestic regulation, entry barriers, portability of providers, competition policy regimes more so than only barriers at national borders, as with tariffs. Both representing and quantifying such barriers raise major difficulties, and these are also spelled out in the paper. Which barriers actually restrict trade, and which do not because they are redundant is one issue, for instance. It is also often misleading to represent barriers in simple ad valorem equivalent form. As a result, numerical modelling work on the effects of service trade barriers which is based on ad valorem equivalent modelling is often not fully convincing. In addition, individual country results vary considerably across studies in ways that it is frequently hard for outsiders to understand. Studies do, however, point towards a tentative conclusion that effects are small and positive for developed and most developing countries if FDI flow changes accompanying service trade liberalisation are excluded from the analysis, but much larger and more variable across countries if they are present. This could be taken to suggest that mode 3 GATS liberalisation (roughly captured in some studies) might be important for developing countries; but mode 4 GATS liberalisation could be even more important given large barriers to labour flows across countries. Thus, if service trade liberalisation is thought of primarily as a surrogate for improved functioning of global factor markets in which more capital flows to developing countries and more labour flows from them to developed countries, then developing countries could benefit in a major way from genuine two-sided (OECD/non-OECD) liberalisation. Developing countries fear, however, that in global negotiations on services liberalisation where there is an asymmetry of power that largely one-sided liberalisation may be the outcome, and their gains will be correspondingly limited. The paper concludes by evaluating econometric studies on linkage between services liberalisation and country growth rules, and briefly discusses some key sectoral issues in health services and transportation.
Measuring The Costs And Benefits Of Liberalization Of Trade In Services
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Author : Isabelle Rabaud
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Measuring The Costs And Benefits Of Liberalization Of Trade In Services written by Isabelle Rabaud and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
This paper draws insights from the literature on Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Modeling of potential gains from liberalization for developing countries, in particular Northern, Eastern and Southern African economies. Due to the importance of regulatory framework and to the size of service industries, substantial potential gains are expected from liberalization, by accession to WTO, regional, preferential or bilateral trade agreements. However, it seems that attention should be focused on the specificity of each region and country and that a sectoral approach is necessary. Regarding the choice between multilateral, bilateral or regional liberalization, the optimal framework depends on service industries. Institutions particularly matter for services and reforms should be global and focused. Domestic reforms are necessary prior to trade liberalization.
Quantifying The Impact Of Services Liberalization In A Developing Country
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Author : Denise Eby Konan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Quantifying The Impact Of Services Liberalization In A Developing Country written by Denise Eby Konan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Konan and Maskus consider how service liberalization differs from goods liberalization in terms of welfare, the level and composition of output, and factor prices within a developing economy, in this case Tunisia. Despite recent movements toward liberalization, Tunisian service sectors remain largely closed to foreign participation and are provided at high cost relative to many developing nations. The authors develop a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the Tunisian economy with multiple products and services and three trading partners. They model goods liberalization as the unilateral removal of product tariffs. Restraints on services trade involve both restrictions on cross-border supply (mode 1 in the GATS) and on foreign ownership through foreign direct investment (mode 3 in the GATS). The former are modeled as tariff-equivalent price wedges while the latter are comprised of both monopoly-rent distortions (arising from imperfect competition among domestic producers) and inefficiency costs (arising from a failure of domestic service providers to adopt least-cost practices). They find that goods-trade liberalization yields a gain in aggregate welfare and reorients production toward sectors of benchmark comparative advantage. However, a reduction of services barriers in a way that permits greater competition through foreign direct investment generates larger welfare gains. Service liberalization also requires lower adjustment costs, measured in terms of sectoral movement of workers, than does goods-trade liberalization. And it tends to increase economic activity in all sectors and raise the real returns to both capital and labor. The overall welfare gains of comprehensive service liberalization amount to more than 5 percent of initial consumption. The bulk of these gains come from opening markets for finance, business services, and telecommunications. Because these are key inputs into all sectors of the economy, their liberalization cuts costs and drives larger efficiency gains overall. The results point to the potential importance of deregulating services provision for economic development.This paper - product of the Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the department to measure the benefits of services trade.
Handbook Of Deep Trade Agreements
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Author : Aaditya Mattoo
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2020-09-23
Handbook Of Deep Trade Agreements written by Aaditya Mattoo and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-23 with Political Science categories.
Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).
The Ashgate Research Companion To International Trade Policy
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Author : Kenneth Heydon
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-16
The Ashgate Research Companion To International Trade Policy written by Kenneth Heydon and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This volume provides a state of the art review of current thinking on the full range of trade policy issues, addressing the economic and political dimensions of international trade policy. The volume contains a systematic examination of: - specific trade policy instruments (such as tariffs, non-tariff barriers and trade rules) - sectoral concerns (in agriculture, manufacturing and services) - trade linkages (to issues such as the environment and labour standards) - systemic considerations (what role for the WTO?) The organising theme of the volume is that open markets for trade and investment yield large potential gains in human welfare as long as trade policy is conducted as an integral part of broader domestic economic management and regulatory reform, and as long as the particular challenges facing developing countries are effectively addressed. This 'case' is presented on the basis of rigorous analysis of first principles and of empirical experience among key trading nations. An integrated set of original and comprehensive perspectives from a diverse group of experts, linked by a common organisational thread. The contributing authors create an ideal mix of internationally recognised experts together with younger specialists making their mark in trade policy analysis; academics as well as trade policy practitioners; and representatives of both developed and developing countries.
Regulatory Assessment Toolkit
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Author : Martín Molinuevo
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-03-11
Regulatory Assessment Toolkit written by Martín Molinuevo and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This toolkit is to offer a practical methodology to government officials and staff from development organizations on how to identify and assess laws and regulations that affect international trade and investment in the services sector.