Quinolones In Pulmonary Tuberculosis Management
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Quinolones In Pulmonary Tuberculosis Management
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Author : Len J. LaScolea
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1996-04-16
Quinolones In Pulmonary Tuberculosis Management written by Len J. LaScolea and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-04-16 with Medical categories.
This state-of-the-art reference provides detailed information on the use of quinolone antibiotics and other antibiotic regimens in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis-offering in-depth coverage of the history, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, immunopathology, and immunotherapy of tuberculosis for the nonspecialist. Covering all major topics related to tuberculosis infection, Quinolones in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Management discusses tuberculosis therapies for various patient populations such as AIDS patients, children, pregnant women, and the elderly examines initial drug regimens to treat tuberculosis presents specific information on how to deal with multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis evaluates the tuberculosis skin test analyzes how to reduce the spread of tuberculosis in hospitals assesses the effectiveness of combination formulations for the management of tuberculosis and more!
Development Of New Antituberculosis Drugs
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Author : W. W. Yew
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2006
Development Of New Antituberculosis Drugs written by W. W. Yew and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Antitubercular agents categories.
In the global war to control tuberculosis (TB), there are several critical battles which must be waged and won if we are to make significant progress. Broadly speaking, these battlefields may be regarded as diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Within the arena of treatment are various critical elements. Current drug regimens require 6 months to achieve predictable cures; it is essential that shorter regimens be developed to lessen non-adherence and to improve affordability. To facilitate directly-observed therapy, intermittent (less than daily) regimens have been employed. To ensure favourable outcomes, including patients with AIDS, thrice-weekly regimens are the current standard; reducing the frequency of dosing to twice- or once-weekly may offer significant advantages. Drug resistance to the current major medications, the rifamycins and isoniazid, threatens to make tuberculosis untreatable for rising numbers of patients in many regions of the world. Finding new, effective agents is essential to ensure cures for these cases and to halt transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis to others. Additional issues include reducing the side effects and toxicity of anti-tuberculosis regimens and developing regimens that can be given simultaneously with anti-retroviral therapy without deleterious drug-drug interactions or unacceptable toxicity. Finally, attention must be directed to the potential utility of treating latent infection to prevent the evolution of active disease. The current vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), while protecting infants and children against potentially lethal forms of TB, has done little to control the incidence of communicable adult pulmonary disease. Research is underway to develop improved vaccines, but due to the prolonged period to determine the efficacy of a TB vaccine (a minimum of 10 to 20 years) -- alternative strategies must be pursued. Furthermore, the utility of a traditional vaccine would be sorely limited by the fact that roughly two billion persons today harbour latent tuberculosis infection. This huge reservoir of future disease would not be eligible for a traditional pre-infection vaccine. "Preventive therapy" with isoniazid has been shown to reduce the subsequent risk of tuberculosis by about 70% in large, randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials. However, this strategy is limited by the requirement for extended duration of treatment (6 to 9 months), the risks of drug-induced hepatitis and rising rates of resistance to isoniazid in many regions of the world where the TB epidemic is most intense. Alternative means for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection should be given high priority. The authors have assembled an outstanding panel of contributors to address these issues. The topics herein have great relevance both in the industrialised nations where contemporary medications and strategies appear to have exacted their maximum benefits and for the developing nations where this ancient scourge remains rampant. This book will provide an impetus for authorities and organisations devoted to the development of new drugs to address the aforementioned growing problems of TB world-wide.
Role Of Fluoroquinolones In Shortening Tuberculosis Treatment Duration
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Author : Win Wah
language : en
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
Release Date : 2012-05
Role Of Fluoroquinolones In Shortening Tuberculosis Treatment Duration written by Win Wah and has been published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05 with categories.
A major obstacle in Tuberculosis (TB) control is the long duration of treatment. Therefore, treatment shortening is one of the highest priorities for TB control programs worldwide. Fluoroquinolones (FQ) have been found to be highly active against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and recommended as second line agents for TB treatment. Recent evidences have shown that the newer generation FQ add to the effects of existing anti-TB drugs and perhaps allow TB treatment to be shortened. However, no review has been published on the role of FQ in shortening TB treatment duration. This book, therefore, is questioning whether FQ can shorten TB treatment duration. The study has used systematic review and meta-analysis method to synthesize, critically appraise and update all relevant clinical studies on the use of FQ for drug susceptible TB in shortening treatment duration. It included 10 studies from comprehensive search of electronic databases. The review will help highlight the challenges around the use of FQ in tuberculosis which will be of great importance in justifying shortening TB treatment duration.
Understanding Tuberculosis
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Author : Pere-Joan Cardona
language : en
Publisher: IntechOpen
Release Date : 2012-02-15
Understanding Tuberculosis written by Pere-Joan Cardona and has been published by IntechOpen this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-15 with Medical categories.
In 1957, a Streptomyces strain, the ME/83 (S.mediterranei), was isolated in the Lepetit Research Laboratories from a soil sample collected at a pine arboretum near Saint Raphael, France. This drug was the base for the chemotherapy with Streptomicine. The euphoria generated by the success of this regimen lead to the idea that TB eradication would be possible by the year 2000. Thus, any further drug development against TB was stopped. Unfortunately, the lack of an accurate administration of these drugs originated the irruption of the drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Once the global emergency was declared in 1993, seeking out new drugs became urgent. In this book, diverse authors focus on the development and the activity of the new drug families.
Quinolone Resistance In Tuberculosis Treatment A Structural Overview
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Author : Claudine Mayer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Quinolone Resistance In Tuberculosis Treatment A Structural Overview written by Claudine Mayer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Treatment Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Tanzania
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Author : Nicholas Kennedy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Treatment Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Tanzania written by Nicholas Kennedy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
Antituberculosis Chemotherapy
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Author : P.R. Donald
language : en
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
Release Date : 2011-09-07
Antituberculosis Chemotherapy written by P.R. Donald and has been published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-07 with Medical categories.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major infectious diseases of mankind although drugs for its treatment have been available for nearly 60 years. The standard short-course 6-month regimen used since about 1980 has helped to save millions of lives, but co-infection with HIV has had a devastating effect on the epidemic, and multidrug-resistant TB is a growing problem, particularly in communities with a high incidence of HIV. Following the declaration by the WHO in the early 1990s that TB was a ‘global health emergency’, interest in TB research and the development of new drugs has increased significantly.This volume reviews anti-TB chemotherapy with the emphasis on the actions and pharmacology of existing drugs and the development and evaluation of new agents. A close look is taken at new research regarding our existing drugs by some of the best-known specialists in the field, and historical aspects of these agents are reviewed from a modern perspective. The prospects for the introduction of new drugs and different approaches of how to assess them in adults and in children are discussed in detail. Several papers address the problems associated with drug resistance, its spread and diagnosis.Compiled by two editors from Cape Town, which has a particularly high incidence of TB and is a centre of tuberculosis research, this publication is an indispensable reference for anyone involved in the management of TB either as a researcher, clinician or administrator, and those working in drug development.
Towards Individualised Treatment Of Tuberculosis
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Author : Katarina Niward
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-24
Towards Individualised Treatment Of Tuberculosis written by Katarina Niward and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-24 with categories.
Each year, around 10 million of individuals develop active tuberculosis (TB). Worldwide, TB is the leading cause of death from an infectious agent surpassing both malaria and HIV. Current treatment regimens are long and therefore encompass a risk of nonadherence and development of acquired drug-resistance, reflected in the increase of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. Indeed, this calls for prudent use of existing TB drugs and improvement of TB treatment strategies. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the current drug susceptibility testing (DST) breakpoints for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of TB treatment and to explore the role of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for optimising TB treatment. Drug resistance in M. tuberculosis is expressed over a continuous scale and for some drugs it may be identified as low- and high-level resistance. This has been poorly reflected in currently used binary susceptibility breakpoints for TB drugs. Results from genome sequencing and phenotypic DST of ofloxacin and levofloxacin were compared in study I and current breakpoints were found to misclassify up to 25% of M. tuberculosis isolates with resistance mutations in gyrA as susceptible to fluoroquinolones. This finding may have implications for the classification of XDR-TB, treatment of MDR-TB and the evaluation of fluoroquinolones in clinical studies. Study II was a prospective cohort study of susceptible TB in Sweden, where drug concentrations of first-line TB drugs were measured along with the susceptibility level of the bacteria defined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of M. tuberculosis. First-line drug concentrations below the reference range (16-42%) were common and most pronounced for rifampicin (13/31, 42%). An exploratory investigation of PK/PD parameters displayed a wide distribution of ratios between drug exposures and MICs. Rifampicin exhibited higher level of individual fluctuations over time during TB treatment compared with isoniazid. In study III the plasma drug concentrations of rifampicin were compared to the tuberculosis drug activity assay (TDA) and results showed that rifampicin drug levels, but not drug levels of the other first-line drugs, correlated with TDA. Patients with rifampicin drug levels below 8 mg/L had significantly lower median TDA. This finding supports the use of TDA as a potential indicator for low rifampicin exposure in resource-constrained settings without access to drug concentration analysis. The study design in study II has been further developed in study IV, which is a prospective cohort study of MDR-TB in China, where drug exposure will be explored in relation to individual bacterial MIC and measurements of treatment outcome. In summary, the work in this thesis emphasises the importance of reliable DST of M. tuberculosis and the need to re-evaluate the currently used breakpoints. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) based on drug concentrations and MICs is a useful tool to avoid suboptimal drug exposure and to individualise TB treatments. Such strategies may improve treatment regimens and avoid further development of resistance.
Tuberculosis
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Author : Mario C. Raviglione
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-04-19
Tuberculosis written by Mario C. Raviglione and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-19 with Medical categories.
Every second a new person is exposed to tuberculosis (TB). Each untreated TB-infected person will infect 10-15 people every year. Following the success of its predecessor, this new edition of Tuberculosis: The Essentials scrutinizes the new discoveries and observations of the key aspects of the disease. Recognized world experts provide a concise, state-of-the-art review of the 15 essential elements of TBsupply an international, current view of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment methodsdiscuss the emerging threat of XDR-TB and the HIV/AIDS factorassess advances in TB research such as new drugs and vaccinesreflect on the progress of the "Stop TB" strategy.
Clinical Tuberculosis
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Author : Peter D. O. Davies
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-12-02
Clinical Tuberculosis written by Peter D. O. Davies and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-02 with Medical categories.
Clinical Tuberculosis: A Practical Handbook is a much-needed portable clinical reference providing practical guidance on key aspects of the disease. This pocket-sized book is a useful "how-to" handbook for the clinician managing patients with tuberculosis in either a well-resourced or poorly-resourced setting. Packed with case studies, clinical pearls of wisdom, and practical advice, this clinical manual outlines day-to-day management of patients as well as treatment and control of this important and ever-spreading global disease. A wealth of diagrams and clinical photographs also helps to make information available at a glance. It is intended for respiratory physicians, infectious disease physicians, public health workers, and nurses less familiar with the disease, especially in developing world markets where TB and HIV are endemic.
