Rationality Rules And Ideals
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Rationality Rules And Structure
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Author : Julian Nida-Rümelin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Rationality Rules And Structure written by Julian Nida-Rümelin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Philosophy categories.
It is an obvious fact that human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort. Contributors include distinguished researchers in their respective fields and the book thus presents state-of-the-art theory. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced philosophy, economics and social science classes.
Rational Rules
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Author : Shaun Nichols
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-02-11
Rational Rules written by Shaun Nichols and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-11 with Philosophy categories.
Moral systems, like normative systems more broadly, involve complex mental representations. Rational Rules proposes that moral learning can be understood in terms of general-purpose rational learning procedures. Nichols argues that statistical learning can help answer a wide range of questions about moral thought: Why do people think that rules apply to actions rather than consequences? Why do people expect new rules to be focused on actions rather than consequences? How do people come to believe a principle of liberty, according to which whatever is not expressly prohibited is permitted? How do people decide that some normative claims hold universally while others hold only relative to some group? The resulting account has both empiricist and rationalist features: since the learning procedures are domain-general, the result is an empiricist theory of a key part of moral development, and since the learning procedures are forms of rational inference, the account entails that crucial parts of our moral system enjoy rational credentials. Moral rules can also be rational in the sense that they can be effective for achieving our ends, given our ecological settings. Rational Rules argues that at least some central components of our moral systems are indeed ecologically rational: they are good at helping us attain common goals. Nichols argues that the account might be extended to capture moral motivation as a special case of a much more general phenomenon of normative motivation. On this view, a basic form of rule representation brings motivation along automatically, and so part of the explanation for why we follow moral rules is that we are built to follow rules quite generally.
Financial Market Bubbles And Crashes
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Author : Harold L. Vogel
language : en
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Release Date : 2022-12-19
Financial Market Bubbles And Crashes written by Harold L. Vogel and has been published by Palgrave Macmillan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-19 with Business & Economics categories.
Economists broadly define financial asset price bubbles as episodes in which prices rise with notable rapidity and depart from historically established asset valuation multiples and relationships. Financial economists have for decades attempted to study and interpret bubbles through the prisms of rational expectations, efficient markets, equilibrium, arbitrage, and capital asset pricing models, but they have not made much if any progress toward a consistent and reliable theory that explains how and why bubbles (and crashes) evolve and are defined, measured, and compared. This book develops a new and different approach that is based on the central notion that bubbles and crashes reflect urgent short-side rationing, which means that, as such extreme conditions unfold, considerations of quantities owned or not owned begin to displace considerations of price.
Natural Law And Practical Rationality
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Author : Mark C. Murphy
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001-06-11
Natural Law And Practical Rationality written by Mark C. Murphy and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-06-11 with Law categories.
Natural law theory has been undergoing a revival, especially in political philosophy and jurisprudence. Yet, most fundamentally, natural law theory is not a political theory, but a moral theory, or more accurately a theory of practical rationality. According to the natural law account of practical rationality, the basic reasons for actions are basic goods that are grounded in the nature of human beings. Practical rationality aims to identify and characterize reasons for action and to explain how choice between actions worth performing can be appropriately governed by rational standards. These standards are justified by reference to features of the human goods that are the fundamental reasons for action. This book is a defence of a contemporary natural law theory of practical rationality, demonstrating its inherent plausibility and engaging systematically with rival egoist, consequentialist, Kantian and virtue accounts.
Life Liberty And The Defense Of Dignity
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Author : Leon Kass
language : en
Publisher: Encounter Books
Release Date : 2002
Life Liberty And The Defense Of Dignity written by Leon Kass and has been published by Encounter Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Medical categories.
This book grapples with the moral meaning of the new biomedical technologies now threatening to take us back to the future envisioned by Aldous Huxley in "Brave New World". In a series of meditations on cloning, embryo research, the sale of organs, and the assault on mortality itself, Kass questions the wisdom of trying to break down the natural boundaries given us and to remake the human body into an instrument of our will.
Designed To Kill The Case Against Weapons Research
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Author : John Forge
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-24
Designed To Kill The Case Against Weapons Research written by John Forge and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-24 with Philosophy categories.
The pilot-less drones, smart bombs and other high-tech weapons on display in recent conflicts are all the outcome of weapons research. However, the kind of scientific and technological endeavour has been around for a long time, producing not only the armaments of Nazi Germany and the atomic bombs dropped on Japan, but the catapults used in ancient Greece and Rome and the assault rifles used by child soldiers in Africa. In this book John Forge examines such weapons research and asks whether it is morally acceptable to undertake such an activity. He argues that it is in fact morally wrong to take part in weapons research as its primary purpose is to produce the means to harm others, and moreover he argues that all attempts to then justify participation in weapons research do not stand up to scrutiny. This book has wide appeal in fields of philosophy and related areas, as well to a more general audience who are puzzled about the rate at which new weapons are accumulated.
Rationality Standards Of Social Life
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Author : Zbigniew Drozdowicz
language : en
Publisher: LIT Verlag Münster
Release Date : 2013
Rationality Standards Of Social Life written by Zbigniew Drozdowicz and has been published by LIT Verlag Münster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with History categories.
The standards of rationality are treated in this book as certain regulators of social life. They are compared to the rudders of the great vessels constituted by social communities. The diversity exhibited by those standards do not only result from the differences of time and space of their implementation, but also from the differences in the sets of ideas put forward by the leading social thinkers accompanied by the different characteristics of their designated audiences. (Series: Development in Humanities - Vol. 7)
The Moral Rules
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Author : Bernard Gert
language : en
Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers
Release Date : 1973
The Moral Rules written by Bernard Gert and has been published by HarperCollins Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Philosophy categories.
The History And Theory Of Legal Practice In China
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Author : Philip C.C. Huang
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2014-09-03
The History And Theory Of Legal Practice In China written by Philip C.C. Huang and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-03 with History categories.
The History and Theory of Legal Practice in China: Toward a Historical-Social Jurisprudence goes beyond the either/or dichotomy of Chinese vs. Western law, tradition vs. modernity, and the substantive-practical vs. the formal. It does so by proceeding not from abstract legal texts but from the realities of legal practice. Whatever the declared intent of a law, it must in actual application adapt to social realities. It is the two dimensions of representation and practice, and law and society, that together make up the entirety of a legal system. The assembled articles by the editors and a new generation of Chinese scholars illustrate a new “historical-social jurisprudence,” and explore the possible conceptual underpinnings of a modern Chinese legal system that would both accommodate and integrate the unavoidable paradoxes of contemporary China.
Feyerabend And Scientific Values
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Author : R.P. Farrell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Feyerabend And Scientific Values written by R.P. Farrell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
This book deals with the entrenched misunderstandings of Feyerabend's philosophy, brings together the positive elements to be found in Feyerabend's work, and presents these elements as a coherent alternative conception of scientific rationality. It is the first book-length study of Feyerabend's post-1970 philosophy and will be an invaluable resource for philosophers of science, students of the philosophy of science, and anyone who wants to understand the views of one of the most influential philosophers of science of the twentieth century.