Realtime Monitoring Of Bridge Scour Using Remote Monitoring Technology
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Realtime Monitoring Of Bridge Scour Using Remote Monitoring Technology
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Author : J.-L. Briaud
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Realtime Monitoring Of Bridge Scour Using Remote Monitoring Technology written by J.-L. Briaud and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Bridges categories.
The research performed in this project focuses on the application of instruments including accelerometers and tiltmeters to monitor bridge scour. First, two large scale laboratory experiments were performed. One experiment is the simulation of a bridge with a shallow foundation, and the other is the simulation of a bridge with a deep foundation. A series of instruments were installed on the simulated bridge to monitor the performance of the bridge due to scour. Both the shallow foundation experiment and deep foundation experiment show that accelerometers and tiltmeters can be used in scour monitoring events since both give warning of bridge failure successfully. Subsequently, two individual monitoring systems were designed and installed on two bridges: US59 over Guadalupe River Bridge and SH80 over San Antonio River Bridge in Texas. Realtime data are collected and transmitted to a computer server at Texas A&M University, which can be accessed remotely. The instrumentation on the two bridges does not show great hope of application of accelerometers to monitor bridge scour because of a lack of sufficient excitation from traffic. Another issue with the accelerometers is the high power consumption during the transmission of accelerometer data, which cannot be satisfied with a typical solar panel and battery. Tiltmeters can provide the integral behavior of the bridge, and therefore are very useful devices for scour monitoring. Guidelines and protocols for scour monitoring based on the US59 over Guadalupe River Bridge and the SH80 over San Antonio River Bridge are provided in the study.
Remote Health Monitoring For Asset Management
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Remote Health Monitoring For Asset Management written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Bridges categories.
Remote Sensing And Localization Of Smart Rocks With Orientation Controlled Magnets For Real Time Monitoring Of Bridge Scour And Riprap Effectiveness
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Author : Yan Tang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Remote Sensing And Localization Of Smart Rocks With Orientation Controlled Magnets For Real Time Monitoring Of Bridge Scour And Riprap Effectiveness written by Yan Tang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
"This study aims to develop and implement a novel smart rock technology for real-time monitoring of the maximum scour depth and the effectiveness of riprap mitigation measures. A smart rock is one or more stacked magnets encased in concrete that can automatically roll to the deepest point of a scour hole around a bridge pier and provide its location through remote measurement over time. Once integrated into a riprap measure, the smart rock moves together with natural rocks and is thus a potential indicator of the effectiveness of the riprap measure. Therefore, the localization and movement of smart rocks were investigated and validated at various bridge sites. Specifically, three types of spherical smart rocks designated as Arbitrarily Oriented System (AOS), Automatically Pointing South System (APSS) and Automatically Pointing Upward System (APUS) were deployed. The AOS and APSS were employed to develop and validate the localization algorithm at an open and bridge sites. The APUS was used in smart rock prototyping for field testing and implementation at three bridge sites. It was demonstrated that the effect of steel reinforcement in bridge piers and decks on the orientation of smart rocks was negligible. The localization accuracy with a single smart rock met the general requirements for scour depth measurement in engineering application. The spherical smart rock placed directly on riverbed at Roubidoux Creek successfully demonstrated its movement to the scour hole during the December 27, 2015, flood. The smart rocks deployed at Waddell Creek and at Gasconade River, however, were washed away. Thus, additional smart rocks were deployed by making their top in flush with the riverbed for future monitoring. Additionally, spherical smart rocks are not stable for riprap effectiveness monitoring and polyhedral shapes are recommended for future study"--Abstract, page iii.
Field Monitoring Of Scour Critical Bridges
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Author : Xiong Yu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Field Monitoring Of Scour Critical Bridges written by Xiong Yu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Detectors categories.
Scour is a major threat to the safety of bridges. Instruments for the measurement and monitoring of bridge scour are necessary to study scour processes and to support bridge management. The lack of robust and economical scour monitoring devices prevents the implementation of a bridge scour monitoring program among bridge owners. This project explores the design and analyses of scour sensors using principles of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The performance of a scour probe was first tested in laboratory simulated scour experiments. Three different signal analyses methods were developed to obtain the scour depth from TDR signals. Besides scour depth, additional information related to scour assessment, i.e. sediment density and electrical conductivity of water, were also determined from TDR signals. The sensing principles and analysis algorithms were validated from simulated scour tests under various conditions which are expected to be encountered in the field. The field conditions considered included: variation of sediment types, water conductivity, turbidity, air entrapment, and water elevation. These further validated the robustness of the scour sensing principles. Upon validation, a field worthy sensor was designed. The sampling area and effective measured dielectric constant were determined using a finite element analysis method. Evaluation of the sensor indicated that it was able to successfully monitor the scour processes (scour and refill) in real-time with high accuracy. Six TDR bridge scour sensors were installed at BUT-122-0606 bridge on SR 122 over the Great Miami River in Butler County, with assistance of project partners GRL Engineers Inc., and J&L Laboratories. Automatic monitoring units were installed to automatically take scour sensor signals and wirelessly transmit the sensor data. The sensors were installed using routine geotechnical site investigation tools and procedures. High quality signals were obtained, from which the development of scour adjacent to bridge piers was measured. The results are reasonable. The pilot study points to the promise of this new technology for long term bridge scour monitoring purposes. Continued evaluation and refinement of this new scour monitoring sensor system is highly recommended.
Remote Health Monitoring For Asset Management
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Author : Glenn A. Washer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Remote Health Monitoring For Asset Management written by Glenn A. Washer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Bridges categories.
Smart Rocks For Bridge Scour Monitoring
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Author : Andro Radchenko
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Smart Rocks For Bridge Scour Monitoring written by Andro Radchenko and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
"River bridge scour is an erosion process in which flowing water removes sediment materials (such as sand, rocks) from a bridge foundation, river beds and banks. As a result, the level of the river bed near a bridge pier is lowering such that the bridge foundation stability can be compromised, and the bridge can collapse. The scour is a dynamic process, which can accelerate rapidly during a flood event. Thus, regular monitoring of the scour progress is necessary to be performed at most river bridges. Present techniques are usually expensive, require large man/hour efforts, and often lack the real-time monitoring capabilities. In this dissertation a new method - 'Smart Rocks Network for bridge scour monitoring' is introduced. The method is based on distributed wireless sensors embedded in ground underwater nearby the bridge pillars. The sensor nodes are unconstrained in movement, are equipped with years-lasting batteries and intelligent custom designed electronics, which minimizes power consumption during operation and communication. The electronic part consists of a microcontroller, communication interfaces, orientation and environment sensors (such as are accelerometer, magnetometer, temperature and pressure sensors), supporting power supplies and circuitries. Embedded in the soil nearby a bridge pillar the Smart Rocks can move/drift together with the sediments, and act as the free agent probes transmitting the unique signature signals to the base-station monitors. Individual movement of a Smart Rock can be remotely detected processing the orientation sensors reading. This can give an indication of the on-going scour progress, and set a flag for the on-site inspection. The map of the deployed Smart Rocks Network can be obtained utilizing the custom developed in-network communication protocol with signals intensity (RSSI) analysis. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied for map reconstruction. Analysis of the map can provide detailed insight into the scour progress and topology. Smart Rocks Network wireless communication is based on the magneto-inductive (MI) link, at low (125 KHz) frequency, allowing for signal to penetrate through the water, rocks, and the bridge structure. The dissertation describes the Smart Rocks Network implementation, its electronic design and the electromagnetic/computational intelligence techniques used for the network mapping"--Abstract, page iii.
Monitoring Of Bridge Stability Due To Scour Using Remote And Low Cost Optical Sensors
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Author : Mohamed Saafi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Monitoring Of Bridge Stability Due To Scour Using Remote And Low Cost Optical Sensors written by Mohamed Saafi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Bridges categories.
Scour is the erosion of the stream and banks near foundations, piers and abutments of a bridge which is also referred to as bridge scour. Scour of the bed near bridge piers and abutments has resulted in more bridge failures than all other causes in recent years. Highway bridge failures cost millions of dollars each year as a result of both direct costs necessary to replace and restore bridges, and indirect costs related to disruption of transportation facilities. There are two issues associated with such scour induced damage to bridge pier footings. The first effect is the loss of foundation material which exposes the footing and lowers its factor of safety with regard to sliding or lateral deformation. The greatest loss of sediment to scour occurs at high water velocities, such as during floods. Secondly, pier movement may occur as a result of material loss beside and beneath the base of the footing which produces undesired stresses in the bridge structure and ultimately results in structural collapse. Scour can go undetected for many years until a catastrophic disaster occurs. This problem cannot be entirely eliminated, but can be corrected when scour does occur. A major obstacle in correcting this dilemma is determining when and where the crisis is occurring. Many methods have been used in determining whether or not scour is present. Some of these techniques are permanently attached to the structures and others can be transported from bridge to bridge to measure the scour. Also, some of the current procedures cannot work in some conditions and places. Recently, the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) recognized the need of more research activities to develop, test and evaluate instrumentations that would be both technically and economically feasible for use in monitoring maximum scour depth at bridge piers and abutments. The scour monitoring devices should be low cost, reliable, and capable of installation on or near a bridge pier. Therefore, the objective of this project is to develop a low-cost optical system to detect scour. The proposed optical system was developed and evaluated through large scale scour tests. Results indicated that the proposed sensor is capable of detecting scour depth under flood conditions.
Bridge Scour Monitoring Methods At Three Sites In Wisconsin
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Author : J. F. Walker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Bridge Scour Monitoring Methods At Three Sites In Wisconsin written by J. F. Walker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Scour at bridges categories.
Of the nearly 11,500 bridges in Wisconsin, 89 have been assessed with critical scour conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, the Marathon County Highway Department, and the Jefferson County Highway Department, performed routine monitoring of streambed elevations for three bridges. Two monitoring approaches were employed: (1) manual monitoring using moderately simple equipment, and (2) automated monitoring, using moderately sophisticated electronic equipment. The results from all three sites demonstrate that both techniques can produce reasonable measurements of streambed elevation. The manual technique has a lower annual operating cost, and is useful for cases where documentation of long-term trends is desired. The automated technique has a higher annual operating cost and is useful for real-time monitoring of episodic events with short time durations.
Remote Sensing For Bridge Scour
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Author : Peter J. Hawrylak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Remote Sensing For Bridge Scour written by Peter J. Hawrylak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Bridges categories.
The purpose of this research was to create a prototype system for bridge scour monitoring that would provide continuous monitoring. The technique utilized for this particular bridge scour monitoring was detection using float out devices. The float out device concept is to bury transmitters at various locations around a bridge structure. These devices would then be released due to the scour's removal of material around the device. A receiver on the bridge would receive the transmission and perform an action. A float out device system would provide an initial indication of scour severity for further investigation. This document contains all analysis leading up to the system design as well as the rationale behind design decisions made. An initial assessment of what the Scour Monitoring System would be composed of and its functionality is found in the requirements section. A less technical overview of the system designed to meet those requirements can be found in the specifications section. Following this are design sections explaining the system design in detail. Lastly, the implementation and testing of the system is presented. This document also contains all items related to the system such as Bill of Parts, Schematics, Layouts, and Embedded Software Code.
Field Implementation And Evaluation Of The Simple Cost Effective Scour Sensor
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Author : Farhad Ansari
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Field Implementation And Evaluation Of The Simple Cost Effective Scour Sensor written by Farhad Ansari and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Detectors categories.