Regime Dependent Environmental Tax Multipliers
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Regime Dependent Environmental Tax Multipliers
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Author : Christian Schoder
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Regime Dependent Environmental Tax Multipliers written by Christian Schoder and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
The paper uses a new country-level, panel data set to study the effect of public sector wages on corruption. The results show that wage inequality in the public sector is an important determinant of the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies. Increasing the wages of public officials could help reduce corruption in countries with low public sector wage inequality. In countries where public sector wages are highly unequal, however, raising the wages of government employees could increase corruption. These results are robust to a wide range of empirical model specifications, estimation methods, and distributional assumptions. The relation persists when controlling for latent omitted variables, using the share of contracts in the private sector as an instrument for the public-private wage differential. Combining increases in public sector wages with policies affecting the wage distribution could help policy makers design cost-effective programs to reduce corruption in their countries.
Japan
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2024-05-13
Japan written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-13 with Business & Economics categories.
The Japanese economy continues to grow after the pandemic, with broad-based price increases following three decades of low inflation. The “new form of capitalism” agenda and children-related policies are key priorities for the Kishida administration, but the fiscal burden has increased.
Making Romania Fit And Resilient For The Net Zero Transition
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Author : Augustus J Panton
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-12-13
Making Romania Fit And Resilient For The Net Zero Transition written by Augustus J Panton and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-13 with Business & Economics categories.
Romania is on track to become ‘fit for 55’—reducing its absolute emissions by 55 percent (relative to 1990) by 2030, consistent with the European Green Deal. However, becoming carbon-neutral by 2050 in an economically resilient and competitive manner would require an accelerated decarbonization path, especially in the transport and building sectors—two emission-intensive sectors that are projected to raise Romania’s carbon footprint over time. The analysis presented in this paper shows that complementing the existing decarbonization measures with further national carbon pricing instruments in these sectors could put Romania on track to carbon neutrality. Crucially, these complementary measures would incentivize green private investment and boost energy security, while enhancing Romania’s resilience and unlocking its potential in the global green value chains.
Romania
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Author : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-12-08
Romania written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Romania: Selected Issues
Brunei Darussalam
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-10-06
Brunei Darussalam written by International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Brunei Darussalam: Selected Issues
Poverty And Shared Prosperity 2022
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2022-12-14
Poverty And Shared Prosperity 2022 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-14 with Business & Economics categories.
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a pronounced setback in the fight against global poverty—likely the largest setback since World War II. Many low- and middle-income countries have yet to see a full recovery. High indebtedness in many countries has hindered a swift recovery, while rising food and energy prices—fueled in part by conflict and climate shocks—have made a return to progress on poverty reduction more challenging than ever. These setbacks have altered the trajectory of poverty reduction in large and lasting ways. The world is significantly off course on the goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030.The year 2020 also marked a historic turning point as decades of global income convergence gaveway to global divergence as the world’s poorest people were hardest hit. The richest people have recovered from the pandemic at a faster pace, further exacerbating differences. These diverging fortunes between the global rich and poor ushered in the first rise in global inequality in decades. Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2022: Correcting Course provides the first comprehensive analysis of the pandemic’s toll on poverty in developing countries.It identifies how governments can optimize fiscal policy to help correct course. Fiscal policies offset the impact of COVID-19 on poverty in many high-income countries, but those policies offset barely onequarter of the pandemic’s impact in low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries. Improving support to households as crises continue will require reorienting protective spending away from generally regressive and inefficient subsidies and toward a direct transfer support system—a first key priority. Reorienting fiscal spending toward supporting growth is a second key priority identified by the report. Some of the highest-value public spending often pays out decades later. Amid crises, it is difficult to protect such investments, but it is essential to do so. Finally, it is not enough just to spend wisely—when additional revenue does need to be mobilized, it must be done in a way that minimizes reductions in poor people’s incomes. The report highlights how exploring the underused forms of progressive taxation and increasing the efficiency of tax collection can help in this regard. Poverty and Shared Prosperity is a biennial series that reports on global trends in poverty and shared prosperity. Each report also explores a central challenge to poverty reduction and boosting shared prosperity, assessing what works well and what does not in different settings. By bringing together the latest evidence, this corporate flagship report provides a foundation for informed advocacy around ending extreme poverty and improving the lives of the poorest in every country in the world. For more information, please visit worldbank.org/poverty-and-shared-prosperity.
Fiscal Policy After The Financial Crisis
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Author : Alberto Alesina
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2013-06-25
Fiscal Policy After The Financial Crisis written by Alberto Alesina and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-25 with Business & Economics categories.
The recent recession has brought fiscal policy back to the forefront, with economists and policy makers struggling to reach a consensus on highly political issues like tax rates and government spending. At the heart of the debate are fiscal multipliers, whose size and sensitivity determine the power of such policies to influence economic growth. Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis focuses on the effects of fiscal stimuli and increased government spending, with contributions that consider the measurement of the multiplier effect and its size. In the face of uncertainty over the sustainability of recent economic policies, further contributions to this volume discuss the merits of alternate means of debt reduction through decreased government spending or increased taxes. A final section examines how the short-term political forces driving fiscal policy might be balanced with aspects of the long-term planning governing monetary policy. A direct intervention in timely debates, Fiscal Policy after the Financial Crisis offers invaluable insights about various responses to the recent financial crisis.
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Author : Коллектив авторов
language : ru
Publisher: Litres
Release Date : 2023-07-21
written by Коллектив авторов and has been published by Litres this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Монография подготовлена коллективом ведущих отечественных специалистов в сфере экономики для формирования облика новой магистерской дисциплины. Монография посвящена анализу лучших зарубежных практик использования инструментария налоговой политики для реализации 17 целей устойчивого развития, принятых в 2015 г. Генассамблеей ООН в резолюции «Преобразование нашего мира: Повестка дня в области устойчивого развития на период до 2030 года».Исследованы теоретические аспекты реализации налоговой политики в целях устойчивого развития в части теоретического анализа этих целей п их значимости для мирового сообщества. Проведена декомпозиция функционала современной налоговой политики, Рассмотрена значимость социальной, экологической и регулирующей функций для достижения целей устойчивого развития. Рассмотрены лучшие мировые практики налоговой поддержки достижения целей ликвидации нищеты, голода, неравенства. Представлен мировой опыт налоговой поддержки достижения целей улучшения условия жизни для всех. Проведен анализ мировых практик налоговой поддержки достижения целей устойчивого развития экосистем. Рассмотрена роль налоговой политики в укреплении глобального партнерства.Для магистрантов, аспирантов, преподавателей экономических специальностей вузов, а также специалистов в сфере налогообложения.
The Effectiveness Of Fiscal Policy In Stimulating Economic Activity
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Author : Richard Hemming
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2002-12
The Effectiveness Of Fiscal Policy In Stimulating Economic Activity written by Richard Hemming and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effectiveness of fiscal policy. The focus is on the size of fiscal multipliers, and on the possibility that multipliers can turn negative (i.e., that fiscal contractions can be expansionary). The paper concludes that fiscal multipliers are overwhelmingly positive but small. However, there is some evidence of negative fiscal multipliers.
Tax By Design
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Author : Stuart Adam
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011-09
Tax By Design written by Stuart Adam and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Based on the findings of a commission chaired by James Mirrlees, this volume presents a coherent picture of tax reform whose aim is to identify the characteristics of a good tax system for any open developed economy, assess the extent to which the UK tax system conforms to these ideals, and recommend how it might be reformed in that direction.