Regulation Of Private Military Companies In Iraq
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Regulation Of Private Military Companies In Iraq
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Author : Nihat Dumlupinar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Regulation Of Private Military Companies In Iraq written by Nihat Dumlupinar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with National security categories.
The number of Private Military Companies (PMCs) used by the United States in military operations has increased substantially in the last two decades. While the ratio of contractor personnel to military personnel in the Persian Gulf War was 1 to 55, it was about 1 to 1 in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Because of the intense use of PMCs by coalition forces in Iraq, problems related to their legal status, the contracting process, civilian control, and oversight have emerged. These problems require national solutions as well as effective support from the international level. In addition, the types and levels of dangers faced by states that employ PMCs are not same. Incapable or weak states, such as Iraq, are more vulnerable to the challenges of PMC use than capable or strong states, such as the United States. Moreover, weak states do not have the capacity to solve the problems inherent in using PMCs, whereas strong states do, although they need the political will to do so. Thus, at the national level, the priorities and approaches of states to PMCs must be different. In addition, international regulations must be established to reinforce national regulations governing PMCs because of the transnational nature of the Private Military Industry. The primary research questions this thesis addresses are as follows: What are the motives and capabilities of the United States and Iraq to regulate PMCs?; and How can national regulations governing PMCs be supported at the international level?
From Mercenaries To Market
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Author : Simon Chesterman
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2007-07-12
From Mercenaries To Market written by Simon Chesterman and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Frequently characterized as either mercenaries in modern guise or the market's response to a security vaccuum, private military companies are commercial firms offering military services ranging from combat and military training and advice to logistical support, and which play an increasingly important role in armed conflicts, UN peace operations, and providing security in unstable states. Executive Outcomes turned around an orphaned conflict in Sierra Leone in the mid-1990s; Military Professional Resources Incorporated (MPRI) was instrumental in shifting the balance of power in the Balkans, enabling the Croatian military to defeat Serb forces and clear the way for the Dayton negotiations; in Iraq, estimates of the number of private contractors on the ground are in the tens of thousands. As they assume more responsibilities in conflict and post-conflict settings, their growing significance raises fundamental questions about their nature, their role in different regions and contexts, and their regulation. This volume examines these issues with a focus on governance, in particular the interaction between regulation and market forces. It analyzes the current legal framework and the needs and possibilities for regulation in the years ahead. The book as a whole is organized around four sets of questions, which are reflected in the four parts of the book. First, why and how is regulation of PMCs now a challenging issue? Secondly, how have problems leading to a call for regulation manifested in different regions and contexts? Third, what regulatory norms and institutions currently exist and how effective are they? And, fourth, what role has the market to play in regulation?
Shadow Force
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Author : David Isenberg
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2008-12-30
Shadow Force written by David Isenberg and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-30 with History categories.
From their limited use in China during World War II, for example, to their often clandestine use in Vietnam ferrying supplies before the war escalated in 1964 and 1965 when their role became more prominent-and public-private military contractors (PMCs) have played made essential contributions to the success and failures of the military and United States. Today, with an emphasis on force restructuring mandated by the Pentagon, the role of PMCs, and their impact on policy-making decisions is at an all time peak. This work analyzes that impact, focusing specifically on PMCs in Iraq since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003. Isenberg dissects their responsibilities, the friction that exists between contractors and military commanders, problems of protocol and accountability, as well as the problems of regulation and control that PMC companies create for domestic politics. Isenberg organizes his work thematically, addressing all facets of PMCs in the current conflict from identifying who the most influential companies are and how they got to that point, to the issues that the government, military, and contractors themselves face when they take the field. He also analyzes the problem of command, control, and accountability. It is no secret that PMCs have been the source of consternation and grief to American military commanders in the field. As they work to establish more routine protocols in the field, however, questions are also being raised about the role of the contractors here at home. The domestic political arena is perhaps the most crucial battleground on which the contractors must have success. After all, they make their corporate living off of taxpayer dollars, and as such, calls for regulation have resonated throughout Washington, D.C., growing louder as the profile of PMCs increases during the current conflict.
Private Security Contractors In Iraq And Afghanistan
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Author : Jennifer K. Elsea
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-10
Private Security Contractors In Iraq And Afghanistan written by Jennifer K. Elsea and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The use of private security contractors (PSCs) to protect personnel and property in Iraq and Afghanistan has been a subject of debate. While PSCs are viewed as being vital to U.S. efforts in the region, many are concerned about transparency, accountability, and legal issues raised by the use of armed civilians to perform security tasks formerly performed by the mil. Contents of this report: Legal Status and Authorities: (a) Internat. Law: Can Contractors be Combatants?; Are They Mercenaries?; (b) Iraqi Law, and Afghan Law, and Status of U.S. Forces; (c) U.S. Law; ¿Inherently Gov¿t. Functions¿ and Other Restrictions on Gov¿t. Contracts; Prosecution of Contractor Personnel in U.S. Fed. or Mil. Courts; Uniform Code of Mil. Justice.
Legal Control Of The Private Military Corporation
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Author : B. Sheehy
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2008-12-11
Legal Control Of The Private Military Corporation written by B. Sheehy and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-11 with Law categories.
Private military organizations are a new and important feature of the international landscape. They offer control of potential massive violence to the highest bidder with very limited accountability. This book offers critical insights into both the phenomenon and the challenges of and potential for regulation.
From Mercenaries To Market
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Author : Simon Chesterman
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2007-07-12
From Mercenaries To Market written by Simon Chesterman and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-12 with Law categories.
This book considers the growing importance of private military companies and efforts to regulate their activities. Private actors are thought by some to be mercenaries; others see them as the market's response to a security vacuum. This book looks at the use of potentially lethal force by non-state actors; how this has differed in situations such as Sierra Leone and Iraq; what rules currently constrain the behaviour of private military companies; and what forces shape the development of this new market.
Private Military And Security Contractors
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Author : Gary Schaub, Jr.
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2016-06-16
Private Military And Security Contractors written by Gary Schaub, Jr. and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-16 with History categories.
In Private Military and Security Contractors (PMSCs) a multinational team of scholars and experts address a developing phenomenon: controlling the use of privatized force by states in international politics. Robust analyses of the evolving, multi-layered tapestry of formal and informal mechanisms of control address the microfoundations of the market, such as the social and role identities of contract employees, their acceptance by military personnel, and potential tensions between them. The extent and willingness of key states—South Africa, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Israel—to monitor and enforce discipline to structure their contractual relations with PMSCs on land and at sea is examined, as is the ability of the industry to regulate itself. Also discussed is the nascent international legal regime to reinforce state and industry efforts to encourage effective practices, punish inappropriate behavior, and shape the market to minimize the hazards of loosening states’ oligopolistic control over the means of legitimate organized violence. The volume presents a theoretically-informed synthesis of micro- and macro-levels of analysis, offering new insights into the challenges of controlling the agents of organized violence used by states for scholars and practitioners alike.
Private Military And Security Companies Pmscs And The Quest For Accountability
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Author : George Andreopoulos
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2019-03-18
Private Military And Security Companies Pmscs And The Quest For Accountability written by George Andreopoulos and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-18 with History categories.
Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have constituted a perennial feature of the security landscape. Yet, it is their involvement in and conduct during the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan that have transformed the outsourcing of security services into such a pressing public policy and world-order issue. The PMSCs’ ubiquitous presence in armed conflict situations, as well as in post-conflict reconstruction, their diverse list of clients (governments in the developed and developing world, non-state armed groups, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, and international corporations) and, in the context of armed conflict situations, involvement in instances of gross misconduct, have raised serious accountability issues. The prominence of PMSCs in conflict zones has generated critical questions concerning the very concept of security and the role of private force, a rethinking of "essential governmental functions," a rearticulation of the distinction between public/private and global/local in the context of the creation of new forms of "security governance," and a consideration of the relevance, as well as limitations, of existing regulatory frameworks that include domestic and international law (in particular international human rights law and international humanitarian law). This book critically examines the growing role of PMSCs in conflict and post-conflict situations, as part of a broader trend towards the outsourcing of security functions. Particular emphasis is placed on key moral, legal, and political considerations involved in the privatization of such functions, on the impact of outsourcing on security governance, and on the main challenges confronting efforts to hold PMSCs accountable through a combination of formal and informal, domestic as well as international, regulatory mechanisms and processes. It will be of interest to scholars, policymakers, practitioners and advocates for a more transparent and humane security order. This book was published as a special issue of Criminal Justice Ethics.
Private Military And Security Companies
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Author : Thomas Jäger
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-04-23
Private Military And Security Companies written by Thomas Jäger and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-04-23 with Political Science categories.
Private Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmen erleben seit den 1990er Jahren einen außerordentlichen Boom und sind derzeit eines der spannendsten Phänomene in den internationalen Beziehungen. Die Palette der von ihnen angebotenen Dienstleistungen ist groß. Sie reichen von logistischer Unterstützung über Aufklärung bis hin zu Kampfeinsätzen. Zu ihren Kunden zählen Regierungen, Wirtschaftsunternehmen, internationale Organisationen, NGOs, humanitäre Organisationen sowie Privatpersonen. Gegenwärtig lässt sich an den Auseinandersetzungen im Irak sowohl die Aktualität wie auch die Brisanz ihres Einsatzes illustrieren, gibt es doch Anzeichen dafür, dass Beschäftigte solcher Unternehmen u.a. in die Folterung von Gefangenen verwickelt sind. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes aus der Feder nationaler wie internationaler Expertinnen und Experten beschreiben und analysieren verschiedene Typen von privaten Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmens, ihre Dienstleistungen und die Umstände, die ihren Boom befördert haben. Sie diskutieren die Vor- wie auch die Nachteile ihres Einsatzes und beschreiben Instrumente, die die Tätigkeit dieser Unternehmen stärker reglementieren und kontrollieren könnten.
Private Military And Security Companies
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Author : Andrew Alexandra
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2009-10-16
Private Military And Security Companies written by Andrew Alexandra and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This edited book provides an interdisciplinary, state-of-the-art overview of the growing phenomenon of private military companies.