Relative Deprivation As A Cause Of Risky Behaviors
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Relative Deprivation As A Cause Of Risky Behaviors
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Author : Oded Stark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Relative Deprivation As A Cause Of Risky Behaviors written by Oded Stark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
Combining a standard measure of concern about low relative wealth and a standard measure of relative risk aversion leads to a novel explanation of variation in risk-taking behavior identified and documented by social psychologists and economists. We obtain two results: (1) Holding individual i’s wealth and his rank in the wealth distribution constant, the individual’s relative risk aversion decreases when he becomes more relatively deprived as a result of an increase in the average wealth of the individuals who are wealthier than he is. (2) If relative deprivation enters the individual’s utility function approximately linearly then, holding constant individual i’s wealth and the average wealth of the individuals who are wealthier than he is, the individual’s relative risk aversion decreases when he becomes more relatively deprived as a result of a decline in his rank. Our findings provide a theoretical support for evidence about the propensity of relatively deprived individuals to gamble and resort to other risky behaviors.
The Science Of Adolescent Risk Taking
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-02-25
The Science Of Adolescent Risk Taking written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-25 with Social Science categories.
Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health.
Relative Deprivation And Social Comparison
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Author : James M. Olson
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-24
Relative Deprivation And Social Comparison written by James M. Olson and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-24 with Psychology categories.
First published in 1986. This volume presents papers from the fourth Ontario Symposium on Personality and Social Psychology, held at the University o f Western Ontario, October 15- 16, 1983. The contributors are active researchers in the areas of relative deprivation and social com parison, whose chapters document the continuing vitality of these topics. One of the purposes of this volume is to provide an accurate picture of our current knowledge about relative deprivation and social comparison processes.
Relative Deprivation
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Author : Iain Walker
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002
Relative Deprivation written by Iain Walker and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Psychology categories.
This book, first published in 2001, features integrative theoretical and empirical work from social psychology, sociology, and psychology.
Neighbourhood Effects Research New Perspectives
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Author : Maarten van Ham
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-22
Neighbourhood Effects Research New Perspectives written by Maarten van Ham and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-22 with Social Science categories.
Over the last 25 years a vast body of literature has been published on neighbourhood effects: the idea that living in more deprived neighbourhoods has a negative effect on residents’ life chances over and above the effect of their individual characteristics. The volume of work not only reflects academic and policy interest in this topic, but also the fact that we are still no closer to answering the question of how important neighbourhood effects actually are. There is little doubt that these effects exist, but we do not know enough about the causal mechanisms which produce them, their relative importance in shaping individual’s life chances, the circumstances or conditions under which they are most important, or the most effective policy responses. Collectively, the chapters in this book offer new perspectives on these questions, and refocus the academic debate on neighbourhood effects. The book enriches the neighbourhood effects literature with insights from a wide range of disciplines and countries.
Handbook Of Social And Clinical Psychology
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Author : C. R. Snyder
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Handbook Of Social And Clinical Psychology written by C. R. Snyder and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Psychology categories.
Social Inequality
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Author : Kathryn Neckerman
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 2004-06-18
Social Inequality written by Kathryn Neckerman and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-18 with Social Science categories.
Inequality in income, earnings, and wealth has risen dramatically in the United States over the past three decades. Most research into this issue has focused on the causes—global trade, new technology, and economic policy—rather than the consequences of inequality. In Social Inequality, a group of the nation's leading social scientists opens a wide-ranging inquiry into the social implications of rising economic inequality. Beginning with a critical evaluation of the existing research, they assess whether the recent run-up in economic inequality has been accompanied by rising inequality in social domains such as the quality of family and neighborhood life, equal access to education and health care, job satisfaction, and political participation. Marcia Meyers and colleagues find that many low-income mothers cannot afford market-based child care, which contributes to inequality both at the present time—by reducing maternal employment and family income—and through the long-term consequences of informal or low-quality care on children's educational achievement. At the other end of the educational spectrum, Thomas Kane links the growing inequality in college attendance to rising tuition and cuts in financial aid. Neil Fligstein and Taek-Jin Shin show how both job security and job satisfaction have decreased for low-wage workers compared with their higher-paid counterparts. Those who fall behind economically may also suffer diminished access to essential social resources like health care. John Mullahy, Stephanie Robert, and Barbara Wolfe discuss why higher inequality may lead to poorer health: wider inequality might mean increased stress-related ailments for the poor, and it might also be associated with public health care policies that favor the privileged. On the political front, Richard Freeman concludes that political participation has become more stratified as incomes have become more unequal. Workers at the bottom of the income scale may simply be too hard-pressed or too demoralized to care about political participation. Social Inequality concludes with a comprehensive section on the methodological problems involved in disentangling the effects of inequality from other economic factors, which will be of great benefit to future investigators. While today's widening inequality may be a temporary episode, the danger is that the current economic divisions may set in motion a self-perpetuating cycle of social disadvantage. The most comprehensive review of this quandary to date, Social Inequality maps out a new agenda for research on inequality in America with important implications for public policy.
Communities In Action
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2017-04-27
Communities In Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-27 with Medical categories.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Developments In The Economics Of Aging
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Author : David A. Wise
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2009-08-01
Developments In The Economics Of Aging written by David A. Wise and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-01 with Social Science categories.
The number of Americans eligible to receive Social Security benefits will increase from forty-five million to nearly eighty million in the next twenty years. Retirement systems must therefore adapt to meet the demands of the largest aging population in our nation’s history. In Developments in the Economics of Aging, David A. Wise and a distinguished group of analysts examine the economic issues that will confront policy makers as they seek to design policies to protect the economic and physical health of these older Americans. The volume looks at such topics as factors influencing work and retirement decisions at older ages, changes in life satisfaction associated with retirement, and the shift in responsibility for managing retirement assets from professional money managers of traditional pension plans to individual account holders of 401(k)s. Developments in the Economics of Aging also addresses the complicated relationship between health and economic status, including why health behaviors vary across populations and how socioeconomic measures correlate with health outcomes.
Risky Decision Making In Psychological Disorders
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Author : Melissa Buelow
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-05-19
Risky Decision Making In Psychological Disorders written by Melissa Buelow and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-19 with Psychology categories.
Risky Decision Making in Psychological Disorders provides readers with a detailed examination of how risky decision making is affected by a wide array of individual psychological disorders. The book starts by providing important background information on the construct of risky decision making, the assessment of risky decision making, and the neuroscience behind such decision making. The Iowa Gambling Task, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, and other behavioral measures are covered, as are topics such as test reliability and the pros and cons of utilizing tasks that have strong practice effects. The book then moves into how risky decision making is affected by specific psychological disorders, such as addictive behaviors, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, sleep disorders, eating disorders, and more. Explores how risky decision making is affected by different psychological disorders Examines risky decision making and ADHD, psychosis, mood/anxiety disorders, and more Synthesizes the research on risky decision making Discusses merits/limitations of the Iowa Gambling Task and other behavioral measures Covers risky decision making and its associations with other executive functions