Removal Of Dbp Precursors By Gac Adsorption
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Removal Of Dbp Precursors By Gac Adsorption
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Author : Douglas M. Owen
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 1998
Removal Of Dbp Precursors By Gac Adsorption written by Douglas M. Owen and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Carbon, Activated categories.
Dbp Formation Control By Modified Activated Carbons
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Author : T. Karanfil
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2008-02-15
Dbp Formation Control By Modified Activated Carbons written by T. Karanfil and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-15 with Science categories.
Powdered or granular activated carbon adsorption has been widely used in drinking water treatment plants primarily for taste, odor, and synthetic organic contaminant (SOC) removal. However, carbon adsorption has not been widely used for controlling DOM due to the low equilibrium capacities and slow adsorption kinetics. The main reason for these drawbacks is that the majority of commercial activated carbons have been developed primarily to remove small molecular weight hydrophobic SOCs from water. As a result, many commercial carbons do not provide feasible engineering solutions for removing large molecular weight and heterogeneous mixtures of DBP precursors. This research was undertaken to develop a fundamental understanding of tailoring activated carbons for DBP control. The main objectives of this project were to (1) conduct a systematic investigation for developing a fundamental understanding of how activated carbons should be tailored for enhanced removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from natural waters; and (2) investigate the effectiveness of some carbon tailoring approaches for disinfection by-products (DBP) formation control at typical drinking water treatment conditions. This project showed that the removal of DBP precursor by GAC adsorption can be significantly improved. GAC adsorption, using modified GACs, can provide another alternative to some water utilities for meeting the Stage 2 requirements of the Disinfectant/Disinfection By-Products Rule.
Novel Operation Of Granular Activated Carbon Contactors For Removal Of Disinfection Byproducts Precursors
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Author : Natalia Fischer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Novel Operation Of Granular Activated Carbon Contactors For Removal Of Disinfection Byproducts Precursors written by Natalia Fischer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Carbon, Activated categories.
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is effectively used to remove natural organic matter (NOM) and to assist in the removal of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and their precursors. However, operation of GAC is cost- and labor-intensive due to frequent media replacement. Optimizing the use of GAC is necessary to ensure treatment efficiency while reducing costs. This dissertation presents four strategies to reduce improve GAC usage while reducing formation of DBPs. The first part of this work adopts Rapid Small Scale Tests (RSSCTs) to evaluate removal of molecular weight fractions of NOM, characterized using size exclusion chromatography (SECDOC). Total trihalomethanes (TTHM), haloacetic acids (HAA5) and haloacetonitriles (HAN) formation were quantified after treatment with GAC. Low MW NOM was removed preferentially in the early bed volumes, up until exhaustion of available adsorption sites. DBP formation potential lowered with DOC removal. Chlorination prior to GAC is investigated in the second part of this work as a strategy to increase removal of NOM and DBP precursors. Results showed lower TTHM formation in the effluent of the GAC treatment when pre-chlorination was adopted, meaning this strategy could help optimize and extend the bed life if GAC filters. The third part of this work investigates in-situ GAC regeneration as an alternative to recover adsorption capacity of field-spent GAC that could potentially offer new modes of operation for water treatment facilities while savng costs with reactivation of spent GAC in an external facility. Field-spent GACs were treated with different oxidant solutions and recovery in adsorption capacity was evaluated for NOM and for two micro pollutants. Recovery of GAC adsorption capacity was not satisfactory for most of conditions evaluated. This indicates that in-situ GAC regeneration could be more effective when the adsorbates are present at high concentrations. Lastly, this work investigates the impact of low molecular weight polyDADMAC on N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation. Water treatment facilities rely on polyDADMAC as a coagulant aid to comply with NOM removal and turbidity requirements. Since polymer-derived NDMA precursors are not removed by GAC, it is essential to optimize the use and synthesis of polyDADMAC to reduce NDMA precursors during water treatment.
Small System Compliance Technology List For The Stage 1 Dbp Disinfection Byproducts Rule
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Small System Compliance Technology List For The Stage 1 Dbp Disinfection Byproducts Rule written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Disinfection and disinfectants categories.
Protocol For Equipment Verification Testing For Removal Of Precursors To Disinfection Byproducts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date :
Protocol For Equipment Verification Testing For Removal Of Precursors To Disinfection Byproducts written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
The Assessment Of Preozonation Biotreatment And Gac Adsorption Of Dbp Precursors And Ozone Dbps Using The Rapid Small Scale Column Test
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Author : Deborah H. Metz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Assessment Of Preozonation Biotreatment And Gac Adsorption Of Dbp Precursors And Ozone Dbps Using The Rapid Small Scale Column Test written by Deborah H. Metz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with categories.
Analysis Of Photocatalysis For Precursor Removal And Formation Inhibition Of Disinfection Byproducts
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Author : Erin Daugherty
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Analysis Of Photocatalysis For Precursor Removal And Formation Inhibition Of Disinfection Byproducts written by Erin Daugherty and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Water categories.
Disinfection byproducts are the result of reactions between natural organic matter (NOM) and a disinfectant. The formation and speciation of DBP formation is largely dependent on the disinfectant used and the natural organic matter (NOM) concentration and composition. This study examined the use of photocatalysis with titanium dioxide for the oxidation and removal of DBP precursors (NOM) and the inhibition of DBP formation. Water sources were collected from various points in the treatment process, treated with photocatalysis, and chlorinated to analyze the implications on total trihalomethane (TTHM) and the five haloacetic acids (HAA5) formations. The three sub-objectives for this study included: the comparison of enhanced and standard coagulation to photocatalysis for the removal of DBP precursors; the analysis of photocatalysis and characterization of organic matter using size exclusion chromatography and fluorescence spectroscopy and excitation-emission matrices; and the analysis of photocatalysis before GAC filtration. There were consistencies in the trends for each objective including reduced DBP precursors, measured as dissolved organic carbon DOC concentration and UV absorbance at 254 nm. Both of these parameters decreased with increased photocatalytic treatment and could be due in part to the adsorption to as well as the oxidation of NOM on the TiO2 surface. This resulted in lower THM and HAA concentrations at medium and high photocatalytic treatment levels. However, at no UV exposure and low photocatalytic treatment levels where oxidation reactions were inherently incomplete, there was an increase in THM and HAA formation potential, in most cases being significantly greater than those found in the raw water or control samples. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) results suggest that photocatalysis preferentially degrades the higher molecular mass fraction of NOM releasing lower molecular mass (LMM) compounds that have not been completely oxidized. The molecular weight distributions could explain the THM and HAA formation potentials that decreased at the no UV exposure samples but increased at low photocatalytic treatment levels. The use of photocatalysis before GAC adsorption appears to increase bed life of the contactors; however, higher photocatalytic treatment levels have been shown to completely mineralize NOM and would therefore not require additional GAC adsorption after photocatalysis.
Alternative Disinfectants And Oxidants Guidance Manual
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Alternative Disinfectants And Oxidants Guidance Manual written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Disinfection and disinfectants categories.
Fiscal Year 2001 Budget Authorization Request
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Fiscal Year 2001 Budget Authorization Request written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Law categories.
Epa 815 R
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Epa 815 R written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Water categories.