Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Nigeria
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Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Nigeria
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-11
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Nigeria written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-11 with categories.
Nigeria is a federal republic of 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). On April 16, President Goodluck Jonathan of the ruling People's Democratic Party (PDP), who had assumed the presidency in May 2010 following his predecessor's death, won election to a four-year term, along with Vice President Mohammed Namadi Sambo, also of the PDP. International and domestic election observers considered the April presidential, gubernatorial, and legislative elections to be generally credible, orderly, and a substantial improvement over the flawed 2007 elections. However, there were reports of fraud and irregularities, including vote rigging and buying, under-age voting, ballot stuffing, and political violence. Immediately following the presidential election, supporters of the opposition Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) candidate, Muhammadu Buhari, a northern Muslim, challenged the outcome of the election. Postelection violence in protest of Jonathan's victory erupted in the north and in the Middle Belt States, directed towards local grievances and political targets, resulting in loss of lives, property damage, and restrictions of movement. The April 9 legislative elections produced major changes in the National Assembly, as only about one-third of the incumbents in both houses were reelected, and opposition parties gained many seats. While security forces generally reported to civilian authorities, elements of the security forces periodically acted independently of civilian control. The most serious human rights problems during the year were the abuses committed by the militant sect known as Boko Haram, which was responsible for killings, bombings, and other attacks throughout the country, resulting in numerous deaths, injuries, and the widespread destruction of property; abuses committed by the security services with impunity, including killings, beatings, arbitrary detention, and destruction of property; and societal violence, including ethnic, regional, and religious violence.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Niger
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-11
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Niger written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-11 with categories.
Niger is a multiparty republic. On March 14, voters elected opposition leader Issoufou Mahamadou president in a poll characterized by international observers as generally free and fair. National Assembly elections held on January 31 were also deemed free and fair. Issoufou replaced former interim president Salou Djibo, who had been appointed by the Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy (CSRD) after it overthrew then president Mamadou Tandja in February 2010. On May 10, the Niamey Court of Appeals ordered the release of Tandja, who had been detained since February 2010. Most former government officials also detained with Tandja were released during the year. While civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces, there were instances in which elements of the
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Equatorial Guinea
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Equatorial Guinea written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Equatorial Guinea is nominally a multiparty constitutional republic. Since a military coup in 1979, President Obiang Nguema Mbasogo dominated all branches of government in collaboration with his clan and his political party, the Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE). In 2009 voters reelected President Obiang with a claimed 95.37 percent of votes cast. The lopsided results and weak independent monitoring of the electoral process raised suspicions of systematic vote fraud. Foreign diplomatic observers noted numerous irregularities and the presence of military personnel at all voting stations. There were instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control. Major human rights abuses reported during the year included a disregard for the rule of law and due process, denial of basic political rights including freedom of speech and press, and widespread official corruption.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Guinea Bissau
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Guinea Bissau written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Guinea-Bissau is a multiparty republic. In July 2009 Malam Bacai Sanha of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) was elected president in elections following the assassination of Joao Bernardo Vieira by the military. International observers declared the election to be generally free and fair despite election-related violence preceding the polls. As in the previous year, there were multiple instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control. On December 26, fighting between rival factions of the military resulted in two deaths. Serious human rights abuses included beating and torture by security forces, poor conditions of detention, and violence--including female genital mutilation (FGM)--and discrimination against women. Other human rights abuses included arbitrary arrest and detention; lack of judicial independence and due process; interference with privacy; intimidation of journalists; widespread official corruption, exacerbated by government officials' impunity and suspected involvement in drug trafficking; trafficking of children; and child labor, including some forced labor.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 The Country Of Benin
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 The Country Of Benin written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Benin is a constitutional democracy. On March 13, President Boni Yayi won a second, and final, five-year term in multiparty elections. In the April 30 legislative elections, President Yayi's supporting coalition, Cowry Force for an Emerging Benin, won 41 of 83 seats in the National Assembly and formed a majority coalition with the Renaissance of Benin Party and other minor supporting parties for a total of 61 seats. As a result the coalition controlled the Bureau of the National Assembly with six of the seven seats. International observers viewed both the presidential and legislative elections as free, fair, and transparent. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Three main human rights abuses reported during the year included police use of excessive force; violence and discrimination against women and girls, including female genital mutilation (FGM); and harsh prison conditions. Other major human rights problems included arbitrary arrest and detention with prolonged pretrial detention. Vigilante violence occurred, as did trafficking and abuse of children, including infanticide and child labor. Although the government made an effort to control corruption and abuses, including prosecuting and punishing public officials, officials sometimes engaged in corrupt practices with impunity.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Eritrea
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Eritrea written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
The Government of Eritrea is an authoritarian regime under the control of President Isaias Afwerki. The People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), headed by President Afwerki, is the sole political party. The PFDJ has controlled the country since 1991. Elections have not taken place since the country's independence from Ethiopia in 1993. Elements of the security forces frequently and with impunity acted independently of civilian control. There were consistent and persistent reports of serious human rights violations. These abuses included, but were not limited to, harsh and life-threatening prison conditions that included torture and incommunicado detention, which sometimes resulted in death; forced labor of indefinite duration through the mandatory national service program; and the severe restriction of civil liberties including freedom of speech, press, assembly, association, and religion.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Angola
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Angola written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Angola is a constitutional republic. The ruling Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, has been in power since independence in 1975 and exercised tight, centralized control over government planning, policymaking, and media outlets. In 2008 the government held the first legislative elections since 1992. Domestic and international observers reported that polling throughout the country was peaceful and generally credible, despite a ruling party advantage due to state control of major media and other resources and serious logistical failures that marred polling in the capital, Luanda. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. The three most important human rights abuses were lack of judicial process and judicial inefficiency; limits on the freedom of assembly, association, speech, and press; and the abridgement of citizens' right to elect officials at all levels.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Lesotho
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Lesotho written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
Lesotho is a constitutional monarchy. Under the constitution the king is head of state but does not actively participate in political activities. The prime minister is head of government and has executive authority. In the most recent elections in 2007, the governing Lesotho Congress for Democracy (LCD) party retained a majority of seats in parliament; domestic and international observers characterized the election as generally free and peaceful. However, some members of the leading opposition parties and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) claimed it was not entirely fair. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Torture and physical abuse by police, poor prison conditions, and abuse of spouses and children were the most important human rights problems in the country. Other human rights problems included lengthy pretrial detention and long trial delays and stigmatization of persons with HIV/AIDS. Societal abuses included sexual abuse, stigmatization of persons with disabilities, mob violence, human trafficking, and child labor.
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Republic Of Burundi
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Author : U. S. Department of State
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012-12-09
Report On Human Rights Practices For 2011 Country Of Republic Of Burundi written by U. S. Department of State and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-09 with categories.
The Republic of Burundi is a democratic, multiparty republic. The 2005 constitution provides for an executive branch that reports to the president, a bicameral parliament, and an independent judiciary. In June 2010 voters reelected President Pierre Nkurunziza, and in July 2010 they selected a new National Assembly (lower house) in elections that international observers found largely free, fair, peaceful, and consistent with international standards. The armed forces and other security forces reported to civilian authorities. While observers considered the military generally professional and apolitical, the intelligence service and the police tended to be influenced directly by and responsive to the ruling National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy party (CNDD-FDD). During the year the main human rights abuses included torture and extrajudicial executions of detainees, particularly of members of certain opposition political parties, by police, military, and intelligence services; prolonged pretrial detention of detainees, often without formal charges, in overcrowded, harsh, degrading, and sometimes life-threatening prison conditions; and a lack of judicial independence. Other human rights abuses included interference with and intimidation of government officials and political opposition members by certain members of the ruling CNDD-FDD party and the intelligence and police services. The political rights of certain opposition political parties--including the right to hold party meetings--were restricted arbitrarily, and members of these parties were detained and/or threatened and intimidated. Some journalists and members of civil society and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) critical of the ruling CNDD-FDD party and government were the objects of harassment and intimidation. Corruption existed at all levels of government. Women and girls suffered from violence and discrimination, and children and women were trafficked. Forced child labor also existed. The general reluctance and slowness of police and public prosecutors to investigate and prosecute--and of judges to hear--cases of government corruption and human rights abuse led to a widespread perception of impunity for government and ruling CNDD-FDD party officials and agents. In many cases investigative and judicial officials hesitated to act as a result of bribes or threats to themselves or their families.
Subject Index Of Books Published Up To And Including 1880 Third Series A Z
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Author : Robert Alexander Peddie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1939
Subject Index Of Books Published Up To And Including 1880 Third Series A Z written by Robert Alexander Peddie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1939 with Best books categories.