Resistance Arteries Structure And Function
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Resistance Arteries Structure And Function
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Author : Michael J. Mulvany
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Resistance Arteries Structure And Function written by Michael J. Mulvany and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Medical categories.
Resistance arteries play a crucial role in controlling resistance to blood flow and consequently blood pressure, as well as maintaining a constant supply of blood to tissues such as heart, kidney and brain. With the development of miniaturised techniques interest has heightened and produced a plethora of investigations concentrated on pieces of tissue weighing but a few micrograms. This volume presents a synthesis of these approaches, resulting in the most comprehensive current guide to all aspects of resistance vessel physiology and pharmacology presently available. The increasing importance of resistance artery structure as a determinate of peripheral resistance is recognised. Many contributions are concerned with the myogenic response - the ability of a blood vessel to contract when the intravascular pressure is raised. An up-to-date guide to current knowledge of the endothelial function, both in modulating this response and biochemical aspects of smooth muscle contraction is given. Important concensus is also established concerning the existence of receptor-operated calcium channels, in addition to voltage dependent calcium channels.
Function And Structure Of Resistance Arteries In Uraemic Hypertension
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Function And Structure Of Resistance Arteries In Uraemic Hypertension written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Blood Vessel Changes In Hypertension Structure And Function
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Author : R.M.K.W. Lee
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1989-04-30
Blood Vessel Changes In Hypertension Structure And Function written by R.M.K.W. Lee and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-04-30 with Medical categories.
Written by established researchers, this two-volume publication provides timely, comprehensive and insightful reviews on recent discoveries in the etiology of hypertension. Structural changes of the blood vessels in hypertension in relation to connective tissue, cerebral vessel structure and innervation, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia, and rarefaction of microvessels are discussed. Also presented are the effects of antihypertensive therapy on vessel structure and function. A unique feature is the inclusion of a chapter on pulmonary vascular changes in pulmonary hypertension, which shows certain changes that are similar to systemic hypertension. This book is of major interest to researchers involved in the study of hypertension and the biology of the blood vessels.
Cellular Aspects Of Hypertension
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Author : Giacomo Bruschi
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Cellular Aspects Of Hypertension written by Giacomo Bruschi and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Medical categories.
In the last two decades, investigations at the cellular level have progressively gained ground in the context of hypertension research. This choice of approach is due to some extent to the build up of know-how that molecular and cellular biology have been producing at a continuous rate. As the contents list of this volume shows, a large mass of work has been directed to gaining some insight into pathogenetic mechanisms. The pathogenesis of primary hypertension has been progressively categorized as a distinct biological problem, not amenable to the theoretical models that proved successful in understanding the nature of secondary forms of hypertension. At the same time, great efforts have been made to simplify this problem by sorting out, if possible, a few crucial mechanisms from the network of contributory factors in the regulation of blood pressure. The idea that what is to be sought is a primary structural and/or functional fault in arterial muscle has met with widespread acceptance. The strength of this argument lies in the fact that peripheral vascular resistance is increased in all forms of hypertension and, in turn, the diameter of resistance vessels is the dominant factor in the computation of total per ipheral resistance. On the basis of this, cardiovascular structural adaptation was proposed as a positive feedback mechanism tending to maintain hypertension, once begun, whatever the initiating factor is.
The Cerebral Circulation
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Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-07-28
The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-28 with Medical categories.
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Textbook Of Angiology
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Author : John B. Chang
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Textbook Of Angiology written by John B. Chang and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
A fully integrated view of the medical and surgical aspects of both vascular and cardiovascular disease. Covering the complete spectrum of angiology, from basic physiologic principles to phlebology, this is the only text of its kind, and will thus be a must for the libraries of cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons alike.
Structure And Function Of The Circulation
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Author : Colin J. Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Structure And Function Of The Circulation written by Colin J. Schwartz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Nature categories.
In order to produce a superior scholarly treatise in bio medical science, three important conditions need to be met. First, the subject needs to be of recognized importance and preferably one in which a sizeable volume of new knowledge has been added recently. Second, it needs to be quite evident that the field involved re quires much more up-to-date coverage than it has received and third, the choice of the editors and in turn the authors needs to be recognized as outstanding. This major treatise fills these criteria in an admirable way. There are few who would deny the importance of knowledge concerning the circulatory system. This all pervasive system is the route by which virtually all of the cells and tissues of the body receive their nutrition and it is the major route by which metabolic waste products are carried away. Furthermore, the diseases that involve the circulatory system are, by far, the underlying causes of death and morbidity in the largest number of Americans, Western Europeans and several other populations of industrialized nations. Not only is atherosclerosis-induced-ischemic disease of the heart, brain and extremities widespread in these populations but venous occlusive disease also takes a great toll from phlebothrombosis, pulmonary embolism, etc.
Arterioles
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Author : Dominique Degtyaryov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Arterioles written by Dominique Degtyaryov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Arteries categories.
The knowledge of the morphofunctional features from the coronary microcirculation is essential for understanding its role in cardiac physiological work and in the pathogenesis of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). The cardiovascular system comprises the heart and blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, both systemic and pulmonary. Arterioles are the primary site of vascular resistance and have only one to two layers of smooth muscular walls. Chapter One will provide an overview of the coronary microcirculation, its functions and regulatory mechanisms. The importance of CMD will be summarised in the context of diverse clinic scenarios, considering its pathogenesis, assessment and therapeutic management. The purpose of Chapter Two is to understand the role of arteriolar endothelial dysfunction in CVDs and its underlying mechanisms. Chapter Three will explore the physiopathology, epidemiology, and the diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive retinopathy. Chapter Four reports on angiogenesis, a critical process for reproduction in mammals, which consists of arterioles and blood vessels formation from the existing ones.
Microcirculation In Cardiovascular Diseases
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Author : Enrico Agabiti-Rosei
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-03
Microcirculation In Cardiovascular Diseases written by Enrico Agabiti-Rosei and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-03 with Medical categories.
This book offers an extensive review of the most recent data on the pathophysiological role of structural and functional alterations in the microcirculation, particularly focusing on hypertension and diabetes. It covers several relevant and innovative aspects, including the possible mechanisms involved in the development of microvascular remodeling and rarefaction, the technical approaches available for the detection of microvascular alterations, including non-invasive evaluations, the prognostic role of changes in small resistance artery structure, the possibility of preventing or regressing such alterations with appropriate treatment, and the potential clinical advantages of such intervention. A number of innovative areas of research are considered, including the role of the immune system, inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of microvascular alterations. Lastly, it examines the availability of recent non-invasive methods for the evaluation of small resistance artery morphology in the retina, which in the near future may provide a useful tool for the stratification of cardiovascular risk and even for clinical decisions regarding drug treatment, thus providing physicians with a clinically relevant instrument for improving and optimizing the management of hypertensive and diabetic patients. The book provides valuable, clinically relevant information for specialists (cardiology, internal medicine, and endocrinology) and general practitioners, and also offers novel and stimulating data to basic and clinical researchers.
Regulation Of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition
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Author : Roland N. Pittman
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-08-18
Regulation Of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-18 with Medical categories.
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.