Revistas Cient Ficas De Comunica O Ibero Americanas Na Pol Tica De Divulga O Do Conhecimento Tend Ncias Limita Es E Os Desafios De Novas Estrat Gias
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The Success Of Open Source
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Author : Steve WEBER
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
The Success Of Open Source written by Steve WEBER and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Computers categories.
Much of the innovative programming that powers the Internet, creates operating systems, and produces software is the result of "open source" code, that is, code that is freely distributed--as opposed to being kept secret--by those who write it. Leaving source code open has generated some of the most sophisticated developments in computer technology, including, most notably, Linux and Apache, which pose a significant challenge to Microsoft in the marketplace. As Steven Weber discusses, open source's success in a highly competitive industry has subverted many assumptions about how businesses are run, and how intellectual products are created and protected. Traditionally, intellectual property law has allowed companies to control knowledge and has guarded the rights of the innovator, at the expense of industry-wide cooperation. In turn, engineers of new software code are richly rewarded; but, as Weber shows, in spite of the conventional wisdom that innovation is driven by the promise of individual and corporate wealth, ensuring the free distribution of code among computer programmers can empower a more effective process for building intellectual products. In the case of Open Source, independent programmers--sometimes hundreds or thousands of them--make unpaid contributions to software that develops organically, through trial and error. Weber argues that the success of open source is not a freakish exception to economic principles. The open source community is guided by standards, rules, decisionmaking procedures, and sanctioning mechanisms. Weber explains the political and economic dynamics of this mysterious but important market development. Table of Contents: Preface 1. Property and the Problem of Software 2. The Early History of Open Source 3. What Is Open Source and How Does It Work? 4. A Maturing Model of Production 5. Explaining Open Source: Microfoundations 6. Explaining Open Source: Macro-Organization 7. Business Models and the Law 8. The Code That Changed the World? Notes Index Reviews of this book: In the world of open-source software, true believers can be a fervent bunch. Linux, for example, may act as a credo as well as an operating system. But there is much substance beyond zealotry, says Steven Weber, the author of The Success of Open Source...An open-source operating system offers its source code up to be played with, extended, debugged, and otherwise tweaked in an orgy of user collaboration. The author traces the roots of that ethos and process in the early years of computers...He also analyzes the interface between open source and the worlds of business and law, as well as wider issues in the clash between hierarchical structures and networks, a subject with relevance beyond the software industry to the war on terrorism. --Nina C. Ayoub, Chronicle of Higher Education Reviews of this book: A valuable new account of the [open-source software] movement. --Edward Rothstein, New York Times We can blindly continue to develop, reward, protect, and organize around knowledge assets on the comfortable assumption that their traditional property rights remain inviolate. Or we can listen to Steven Weber and begin to make our peace with the uncomfortable fact that the very foundations of our familiar "knowledge as property" world have irrevocably shifted. --Alan Kantrow, Chief Knowledge Officer, Monitor Group Ever since the invention of agriculture, human beings have had only three social-engineering tools for organizing any large-scale division of labor: markets (and the carrots of material benefits they offer), hierarchies (and the sticks of punishment they impose), and charisma (and the promises of rapture they offer). Now there is the possibility of a fourth mode of effective social organization--one that we perhaps see in embryo in the creation and maintenance of open-source software. My Berkeley colleague Steven Weber's book is a brilliant exploration of this fascinating topic. --J. Bradford DeLong, Department of Economics, University of California at Berkeley Steven Weber has produced a significant, insightful book that is both smart and important. The most impressive achievement of this volume is that Weber has spent the time to learn and think about the technological, sociological, business, and legal perspectives related to open source. The Success of Open Source is timely and more thought provoking than almost anything I've come across in the past several years. It deserves careful reading by a wide audience. --Jonathan Aronson, Annenberg School for Communication, University of Southern California
Spatial Analysis Modelling And Planning
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Author : Jorge Rocha
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-11-28
Spatial Analysis Modelling And Planning written by Jorge Rocha and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-28 with Science categories.
New powerful technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS), have been evolving and are quickly becoming part of a worldwide emergent digital infrastructure. Spatial analysis is becoming more important than ever because enormous volumes of spatial data are available from different sources, such as social media and mobile phones. When locational information is provided, spatial analysis researchers can use it to calculate statistical and mathematical relationships through time and space. This book aims to demonstrate how computer methods of spatial analysis and modeling, integrated in a GIS environment, can be used to better understand reality and give rise to more informed and, thus, improved planning. It provides a comprehensive discussion of spatial analysis, methods, and approaches related to planning.
The New Global Economy In The Information Age
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Author : Martin Carnoy
language : en
Publisher: Penn State University Press
Release Date : 1993-01-01
The New Global Economy In The Information Age written by Martin Carnoy and has been published by Penn State University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Most studies of the world economy focus on highly developed countries and only on economic strategies. The New Global Economy in the Information Age is unique in integrating the political with the economic and in the truly global view it takes of the changes under way. It focuses on the effects of new computer and telecommunications technology in conditioning the policy choices of nation-states in both the less and more economically developed regions of the world. The authors analyze the new economic context in which nation-states operate, the main issues confronting them, and the way in which the politics of national development should change in the post-Cold War information age. They argue that the new world economy cannot be separated easily from the new world society, and that national and international politics is the cement binding the two.
Pandora S Hope
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Author : Bruno Latour
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1999-06-30
Pandora S Hope written by Bruno Latour and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-06-30 with Philosophy categories.
A scientist friend asked Bruno Latour point-blank: “Do you believe in reality?” Taken aback by this strange query, Latour offers his meticulous response in Pandora’s Hope. It is a remarkable argument for understanding the reality of science in practical terms. In this book, Latour, identified by Richard Rorty as the new “bête noire of the science worshipers,” gives us his most philosophically informed book since Science in Action. Through case studies of scientists in the Amazon analyzing soil and in Pasteur’s lab studying the fermentation of lactic acid, he shows us the myriad steps by which events in the material world are transformed into items of scientific knowledge. Through many examples in the world of technology, we see how the material and human worlds come together and are reciprocally transformed in this process. Why, Latour asks, did the idea of an independent reality, free of human interaction, emerge in the first place? His answer to this question, harking back to the debates between Might and Right narrated by Plato, points to the real stakes in the so-called science wars: the perplexed submission of ordinary people before the warring forces of claimants to the ultimate truth.
The Notion Of Relevance In Information Science
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Author : Tefko Saracevic
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
The Notion Of Relevance In Information Science written by Tefko Saracevic and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Computers categories.
Everybody knows what relevance is. It is a "ya'know" notion, concept, idea–no need to explain whatsoever. Searching for relevant information using information technology (IT) became a ubiquitous activity in contemporary information society. Relevant information means information that pertains to the matter or problem at hand—it is directly connected with effective communication. The purpose of this book is to trace the evolution and with it the history of thinking and research on relevance in information science and related fields from the human point of view. The objective is to synthesize what we have learned about relevance in several decades of investigation about the notion in information science. This book deals with how people deal with relevance—it does not cover how systems deal with relevance; it does not deal with algorithms. Spurred by advances in information retrieval (IR) and information systems of various kinds in handling of relevance, a number of basic questions are raised: But what is relevance to start with? What are some of its properties and manifestations? How do people treat relevance? What affects relevance assessments? What are the effects of inconsistent human relevance judgments on tests of relative performance of different IR algorithms or approaches? These general questions are discussed in detail.
Steps On A Mindful Journey
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Author : Godfrey T. Barrett-Lennard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Steps On A Mindful Journey written by Godfrey T. Barrett-Lennard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Client-centered psychotherapy categories.
This book collates much of Goff Barrett-Lennard's writing on a range of key topics in the counselling domain. Each chapter reflects a distinct feature or step on a pathway of distinguished contribution, and offers a vital contribution to contemporary helping professions.
The Challenges Of Education In Brazil
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Author : Colin Brock
language : en
Publisher: Symposium Books Ltd
Release Date : 2004-05-10
The Challenges Of Education In Brazil written by Colin Brock and has been published by Symposium Books Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-05-10 with Education categories.
Education in Brazil has changed intensely over the last several years. Access to basic education is nearly universal, secondary education has been expanding very rapidly, and so too has higher education at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. However, serious issues remain related to quality, equity and inappropriate use of resources. Some of these problems are related to the fact that Brazil started to develop its education institutions very late, and did not build strong teaching and academic professions that could provide the necessary support for education policies committed to equity, quality and efficiency. This book, written by leading experts, is the first English-language text to provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges facing Brazilian education at all levels, including issues such as the quality of basic education, the establishment of standards for higher education, the experiences of technical and vocational schools, teacher education, regulation and financing of public and private higher education, and the growing role of graduate education and research.
Organizing Knowledge In Libraries
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Author : Christopher D. Needham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Organizing Knowledge In Libraries written by Christopher D. Needham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Cataloging categories.
The autor/Title approach; The author approach - introduction; Major English-Language codes; The author approach: conditions and cases; The titles approach; The subject approach - introduction; Classification; Schemes of classification; The classified catalogue; The alphabetical subject catalogue; Post-coordinate systems; Index languages; Subjects and forms; Description: Policy and Organization; Analytical cataloguing; Order in catalogues: filing; Order on the shelves. Guide for the reader; Physical forms of catalogues; Limited cataloguing; Centralized cataloguing; Cooperative and shared cataloguing; The process of cataloguing. Example of practical cataloguing.
Alongside Community
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Author : Debra A. Harkins
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Alongside Community written by Debra A. Harkins and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Electronic books categories.
Alongside Community is a step-by-step guide that prepares social science students to be democratic citizens by examining the theory, method, and sociopolitical dynamics that impact helping those different from oneself. The first part of this book explores the more theoretical issues of helping others, including issues of social identity, values, and power. The second part of this guidebook examines action-based methods; interventions available for community-based engagement; and the sociopolitical issues that inevitably arise for those who strive to create social change including issues of race, ethnicity, social class, gender, sexual orientation, mental health, educational and environmental justice along with suggestions on how to address these issues. The third part of Alongside Community critically explores how to measure the impact of community service on major stakeholders including student, faculty, college and community agency and ends with reflections and suggestions on how to be a lifelong civically engaged citizen.
The Oecd Health Project Health Technologies And Decision Making
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2005-10-11
The Oecd Health Project Health Technologies And Decision Making written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-11 with categories.
This book analyses the barriers to, and facilitators of, evidence-based decision making in OECD health-care systems.