River Discharge To The Coastal Ocean
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River Discharge To The Coastal Ocean
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Author : John D. Milliman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-03-28
River Discharge To The Coastal Ocean written by John D. Milliman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-28 with Science categories.
This book presents a detailed analysis of processes affecting fluvial discharge of water, sediment and dissolved solids to the ocean, covering 1534 rivers, with full quantitative data also available online. A key resource for researchers, professionals and graduate students in hydrology, oceanography, geomorphology and environmental policy. Now available in paperback with corrections.
River Discharge To The Coastal Ocean
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Author : John D. Milliman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
River Discharge To The Coastal Ocean written by John D. Milliman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Electronic books categories.
First in-depth synthesis of processes controlling river discharge to the global ocean, including climatic and anthropogenic factors; includes online database.
The Effect Of River Discharge And Wind Forcing On The Oregon Coastal Ocean During Fall And Winter
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Author : Piero Luigi Fernandes Mazzini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Effect Of River Discharge And Wind Forcing On The Oregon Coastal Ocean During Fall And Winter written by Piero Luigi Fernandes Mazzini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Plumes (Fluid dynamics) categories.
Freshwater provided from river discharge influences the dynamics and circulation of most continental shelves around the world. It has profound effects on the transport and fate of materials and substances originated from rivers and estuaries, as well as on the ocean biogeochemistry and marine ecosystems. The effect of buoyancy forcing and its modification by windstress off the Oregon coast are studied here, with an emphasis on the downwelling season (fall/winter). Six years of data are used in this study, from 2006 to 2012, obtained by a network of coastal oceanographic observations. During the downwelling season, buoyancy-forcing resulting from significant freshwater input from multiple river sources along the coast, together with the predominantly downwelling-favorable windstress and the large-scale Davidson Current, drives what we have named the Oregon Coastal Current (OCC). Based on a 2-layer model, the dominant forcing mechanism of the OCC is buoyancy, followed by the Davidson Current, and then the wind stress, accounting for 61% (±22.6%), 26% (±18.6%) and 13% (±11.7%) of the along-shore transports, respectively. The OCC is a surface-trapped coastal current, with transports comparable to the summertime upwelling jet off the Oregon coast. Offshore of the OCC, the seasonal evolution of the salinity field is controlled by different mechanisms at two distinct times: prior and after the remotely forced spring transition (RFST). After the RFST, along-shelf advection of the Columbia River Plume by remotely forced southward currents dominate the salinity variability. Prior to the RFST, this variability is dominated by cross-shelf freshwater fluxes from the OCC, influencing an offshore distance of approximately 33 km from the OCC's edge. The rate-of-change of salinity over this region can be explained in terms of eddy and wind-driven Ekman cross-shelf freshwater fluxes, however it was not possible to distinguish their relative contributions. Based on the estimated freshwater loss from the OCC, a leaking pipe model was developed, and it was estimated that the along-shelf freshwater fluxes through a cross-shelf section off Newport can be explained by the summed discharges from 3-4 rivers upstream, reaching as far as the Siuslaw of Umpqua rivers. Salinity off Oregon is also variable at interannual time scales. Low salinities during the upwelling season (spring/summer), produced by increased river discharges from the Columbia River are correlated to El Niño/La Niña. The lowest salinity recorded off Newport, was registered during an extreme La Niña event of 2011. For the first time the Columbia River Plume was tracked from mid-shelf all the way into the Yaquina Bay estuary. Finally, the effect of wind-forcing and flow-topography interaction are investigated, in a continental shelf in the absence of freshwater input, off the Brazilian coast. Our results demonstrate that on larger scales, the sea surface temperature variability along the coast is mainly controlled by wind-driven upwelling, while upwelling due to flow-topography interaction is responsible for the smaller scale sea surface temperature variability.
Capturing The Impact Of Riverine Nutrient Delivery On Coastal Ocean Biogeochemistry
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Author : Elizabeth Halley Olhsson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Capturing The Impact Of Riverine Nutrient Delivery On Coastal Ocean Biogeochemistry written by Elizabeth Halley Olhsson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Rivers smaller than the Amazon tend to be excluded from earth system modeling efforts. Does it matter? Do sub-grid-scale rivers have significant impacts on offshore primary productivity? Using the Eel River in northern California, the river with the largest sediment yield per drainage area in the continental United States, as a test case, this question is explored using two approaches. First, a data-driven analysis of relevant time series taken on land, by buoy, and from space, demonstrates very little evidence of direct impact of Eel River discharge on contemporaneous coastal ocean primary productivity - but to the extent that that evidence exists, it seems to occur during years of greatest river discharge. To further analyze mechanistic drivers, a coupled mesoscale modeling framework unifying ocean, watershed and atmospheric representations is formulated and run in hindcast over the 2002-2010 period. Monthly average climatologies, interannual variabilities, and event-driven analysis of each year's largest river discharge are all examined for evidence of a river-ocean connection expressed through primary production. Storm event-generated turbulence appears to dominate the primary productivity during the winter months. The impact of the river seems to be largely independent of nutrient load, because its dissolved nitrate is less than that of the coastal ocean. There is no evidence that riverine delivery of gradually bioavailable detritus has a significant effect. Although a sufficiently super-nitrous river shows the ability to sustain a plume-nutrient-driven-bloom even at periods of extremely low flow, this is not currently a realistic scenario for the Eel River. The possibility remains that another micronutrient not studied in the modeling framework, such as iron, could be important to this system.
The Role Of Freshwater Outflow In Coastal Marine Ecosystems
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Author : Stig Skreslet
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
The Role Of Freshwater Outflow In Coastal Marine Ecosystems written by Stig Skreslet and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Over the last decade or two marine scientists have become more aware of the role of freshwater outflow in coastal waters. Some have raised the question whether or not regulation of river flow may change the biological productivity in coastal marine ecosystems. The idea of organising a workshop to deal with this problem, arose from parallel concern in Norway and Canada, but it was soon recognised that the scientific interests were also shared by research groups in other countries. After the initial contacts had been made, it was agreed to establish a committee which should assist the workshop director in organising the workshop. The Organising committee consisted of K.F. Drinkwater, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Canada; S. Skreslet (workshop director), Nordland College, Norway; V.S. Smetacek, Institut fur Meereskunde an der Universitat Kiel, Germany; and H. Svendsen, University of Bergen, Norway. An Advisory committee was established to provide terms of reference for the Organising committee, with regard to the programme and selection of participants. This committee con sisted of J.B.L. Matthews (chairman), Scottish Marine Bio logical Association, U.K.; T.R. Parsons, University of British Columbia, Canada; R. S~tre, Institute of Marine Research, Nor way; M.M. Sinclair, Fisheries and Oceans, Canada; and W.S. Wooster, University of Washington, Canada.
Coastal Ocean Variability Off The Coast Of Taiwan In Response To Typhoon Morakot
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Author : Jennifer Jacobs Landry
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Coastal Ocean Variability Off The Coast Of Taiwan In Response To Typhoon Morakot written by Jennifer Jacobs Landry and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Numerical weather forecasting categories.
The ocean is a complex, constantly changing, highly dynamical system. Prediction capabilities are constantly being improved in order to better understand and forecast ocean properties for applications in science, industry, and maritime interests. Our overarching goal is to better predict the ocean environment in regions of complex topography with a continental shelf, shelfbreak, canyons and steep slopes using the MIT Multidisciplinary Simulation, Estimation and Assimilation Systems (MSEAS) primitive-equation ocean model. We did this by focusing on the complex region surrounding Taiwan, and the period of time immediately following the passage of Typhoon Morakot. This area and period were studied extensively as part of the intense observation period during August - September 2009 of the joint U.S. - Taiwan program Quantifying, Predicting, and Exploiting Uncertainty Department Research Initiative (QPE DRI). Typhoon Morakot brought an unprecedented amount of rainfall within a very short time period and in this research, we model and study the effects of this rainfall on Taiwan's coastal oceans as a result of river discharge. We do this through the use of a river discharge model and a bulk river-ocean mixing model. We complete a sensitivity study of the primitive-equation ocean model simulations to the different parameters of these models. By varying the shape, size, and depth of the bulk mixing model footprint, and examining the resulting impacts on ocean salinity forecasts, we are able to determine an optimal combination of salinity relaxation factors for highest accuracy.
The Global Coastal Ocean
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Author : Allan R. Robinson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Global Coastal Ocean written by Allan R. Robinson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Coastal ecology categories.
Coastal Ocean Processes Coop
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Coastal Ocean Processes Coop written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Atmospheric circulation categories.
The Sea Volume 14a The Global Coastal Ocean
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Author : Allan R. Robinson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
The Sea Volume 14a The Global Coastal Ocean written by Allan R. Robinson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Political Science categories.
In multidisciplinary efforts to understand and manage our planet, contemporary ocean science plays an essential role. Volumes 13 and 14 of The Sea focus on two of the most important components in the field of ocean science today--the coastal ocean and its interactions with the deep sea, and coupled physical-biogeochemical and ecosystem dynamics.
Biogeochemical Dynamics At Major River Coastal Interfaces
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Author : Thomas Bianchi
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014
Biogeochemical Dynamics At Major River Coastal Interfaces written by Thomas Bianchi and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Science categories.
A comprehensive, state-of-the-art synthesis of biogeochemical dynamics and the impact of human alterations at major river-coastal interfaces for advanced students and researchers.