Rock Anisotropy Fracture And Earthquake Assessment

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Rock Anisotropy Fracture And Earthquake Assessment

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Author : Yong-Gang Li
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2016-02-22

Rock Anisotropy Fracture And Earthquake Assessment written by Yong-Gang Li and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-22 with Science categories.

This monograph provides an up-to-date overview on methods and techniques in seismology, with a focus on describing and detecting seismic waves in anisotropic media. The author discusses structural, physical and mechanical aspects of the crust by analyzing earthquake data from field studies, rendering the book a practical reference for researchers in seismology and applied geophysics. Contents: Rock Anisotropy, Fracture and Earthquake Assessment Seismic Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Rocks with Applications to Defining Fractures in Earth Crust Reproducing the Realistic Compressive-tensile Strength Ratio of Rocks using Discrete Element Model Rock Fracture under Static and Dynamic Stress Multiple Linear Regression Analyses on the Relationships among Magnitude, Rupture Length, Rupture Width, Rupture Area, and Surface Displacement PI Algorithm Applied to the Sichuan-Yunnan Region: A Statistical Physics Method for Intermediate-term Medium-range Earthquake Forecast in Continental China Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Pacific Island Countries

Rock Quality Seismic Velocity Attenuation And Anisotropy

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Author : Nick Barton
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-11-03

Rock Quality Seismic Velocity Attenuation And Anisotropy written by Nick Barton and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Seismic measurements take many forms, and appear to have a universal role in the Earth Sciences. They are the means for most easily and economically interpreting what lies beneath the visible surface. There are huge economic rewards and losses to be made when interpreting the shallow crust or subsurface more, or less accurately, as the case may be.

Rock Fracture Characterisation And Seismic Anisotropy

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Author : Stephen Alexander Hall
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000

Rock Fracture Characterisation And Seismic Anisotropy written by Stephen Alexander Hall and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.

Rock Stress And Earthquakes

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Author : Furen Xie
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2010-07-29

Rock Stress And Earthquakes written by Furen Xie and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.

The evaluation of in-situ rock stress is not only important in the exploration and engineering involving rock masses for mining, hydropower, tunneling, oil and gas production, and stone quarrying, but also in the geodynamics and earthquake prediction. The methods of determining these stresses for shallow crust in the engineering practice, including

Understanding Seismic Anisotropy In Exploration And Exploitation Second Edition

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Author : Leon Thomsen
language : en
Publisher: SEG Books
Release Date : 2014-10-01

Understanding Seismic Anisotropy In Exploration And Exploitation Second Edition written by Leon Thomsen and has been published by SEG Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-01 with Science categories.

Understanding Seismic Anisotropy in Exploration and Exploitation (second edition) by Leon Thomsen is designed to show you how to recognize the effects of anisotropy in your data and to provide you with the intuitive concepts that you will need to analyze it. Since its original publication in 2002, seismic anisotropy has become a mainstream topic in exploration geophysics. With the emergence of the shale resource play, the issues of seismic anisotropy have become central, because all shales are seismically anisotropic, whether fractured or not. With the advent of wide-azimuth surveying, it has become apparent that most rocks are azimuthally anisotropic, with P-wave velocities and P-AVO gradients varying with source-receiver azimuth. What this means is that analysis of such data with narrow-azimuth algorithms and concepts will necessarily fail to get the most out of this expensively acquired data. The issues include not only seismic wave propagation, but also seismic rock physics. Isotropic concepts including velocity, Young’s modulus, and Poisson’s ratio have no place in the discussion of anisotropic rocks, unless qualified in some directional way (e.g., vertical Young’s modulus). Likewise, fluid substitution in anisotropic rocks, using the isotropic Biot/Gassmann formula, leads to formal errors, because the bulk modulus does not appear, in a natural way, within the anisotropic P-wave velocity. This updated edition is now current as of 2014.

Fault Zone Guided Wave Ground Motion Landslide And Earthquake Forecast

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Author : Yong-Gang Li
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2018-03-19

Fault Zone Guided Wave Ground Motion Landslide And Earthquake Forecast written by Yong-Gang Li and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-19 with Science categories.

The book covers multi-disciplinary topics in observational, computational and applied geophysics in aspects of solid earth system. The authors provide an up-to-date overview for methods and techniques in seismology, with a focus on fault structure, strong ground motion and earthquake forecast based on full-3D earth structure models. Abundant of case studies make it a practical reference for researchers in seismology and applied geophysics.

Multi Attribute Seismic Rock Physics Approach To Characterizing Fractured Reservoirs

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Author : Gary Mavko
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Multi Attribute Seismic Rock Physics Approach To Characterizing Fractured Reservoirs written by Gary Mavko and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.

Most current seismic methods to seismically characterize fractures in tight reservoirs depend on a few anisotropic wave propagation signatures that can arise from aligned fractures. While seismic anisotropy can be a powerful fracture diagnostic, a number of situations can lessen its usefulness or introduce interpretation ambiguities. Fortunately, laboratory and theoretical work in rock physics indicates that a much broader spectrum of fracture seismic signatures can occur, including a decrease in P- and S-wave velocities, a change in Poisson's ratio, an increase in velocity dispersion and wave attenuation, as well as well as indirect images of structural features that can control fracture occurrence. The goal of this project was to demonstrate a practical interpretation and integration strategy for detecting and characterizing natural fractures in rocks. The approach was to exploit as many sources of information as possible, and to use the principles of rock physics as the link among seismic, geologic, and log data. Since no single seismic attribute is a reliable fracture indicator in all situations, the focus was to develop a quantitative scheme for integrating the diverse sources of information. The integrated study incorporated three key elements: The first element was establishing prior constraints on fracture occurrence, based on laboratory data, previous field observations, and geologic patterns of fracturing. The geologic aspects include analysis of the stratigraphic, structural, and tectonic environments of the field sites. Field observations and geomechanical analysis indicates that fractures tend to occur in the more brittle facies, for example, in tight sands and carbonates. In contrast, strain in shale is more likely to be accommodated by ductile flow. Hence, prior knowledge of bed thickness and facies architecture, calibrated to outcrops, are powerful constraints on the interpreted fracture distribution. Another important constraint is that fracturing is likely to be more intense near faults--sometimes referred to as the damaged zone. Yet another constraint, based on world-wide observations, is that the maximum likely fracture density increases with depth in a well-defined way. Defining these prior constrains has several benefits: they lead to a priori probability distributions of fractures, that are important for objective statistical integration; they limit the number of geologic hypotheses that need to be theoretically modeled; they provide plausible models for fracture distributions below the seismic resolution. The second element was theoretical rock physics modeling of optimal seismic attributes, including offset and azimuth dependence of traveltime, amplitude, and impedance signatures of anisotropic fractured rocks. The suggested workflow is to begin with an elastic earth model, based on well logs, theoretically add fractures to the likely facies as defined by the geologic prior information, and then compute synthetic seismic traces and attributes, including variations in P and S-wave velocities, Poisson's ratio, reflectivity, travel time, attenuation, and anisotropies of these parameters. This workflow is done in a Monte-Carlo fashion, yielding ranges of expected fracture signatures, and allowing realistic assessments of uncertainty to be honored. The third element was statistical integration of the geophysical data and prior constraints to map fracture intensity and orientations, along with uncertainties. A Bayesian framework was developed that allowed systematic integration of the prior constraints, the theoretical relations between fractures and their seismic signatures, and the various observed seismic observations. The integration scheme was successfully applied on an East Texas field site. The primary benefit from the study was the optimization and refinement of practical workflows for improved geophysical characterization of natural fractures and for quantifying the uncertainty of these interpretations. By presenting a methodology for integrating various types of information, the workflow will help to reduce the risk (and therefore the cost) of exploring for and recovering natural gas and oil reserves in fractured reservoirs.

Experimental Rock Mechanics

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Author : Kiyoo Mogi
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-11-03

Experimental Rock Mechanics written by Kiyoo Mogi and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-11-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Fracture and flow of rocks under stress and their geophysical and seismological implications raise fundamental questions in rock mechanics, particularly in the areas of tectonophysics and seismology. This text exclusively addresses the deformation and fracture of rock specimens under general triaxial compression, in which all three principal stress

Rock Anisotropy And The Theory Of Stress Measurements

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Author : Bernard Amadei
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Rock Anisotropy And The Theory Of Stress Measurements written by Bernard Amadei and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Any undisturbed rock mass is subject to natural stresses inclu ding gravitational stresses due to the mass of the overburden and possibly tectonic stresses due to the straining of the earth's crust and remanent stresses due to past tectonism. Knowledge of the in situ stress field must be integrated into any rock engineering design along with general rock mass characteristics such as de for mability, strength, permeability and time dependent behavior. For example, the choice of optimum orientation and shape of deep underground caverns or complex underground works will be controlled by the orientation and the magnitude of the in situ stress @ield if it is necessary to minimize stress concentration problems. Long term variation of the in situ stress field may also help to evaluate the potential hazard of earthquake occurences. The magnitude and orientation of the stress field ata point within a rock mass can be measured but there is no known method by which the state of stress at a point can be accurately determined by instruments located remotely. In general, measurements are made inside boreholes, on outcrops or on the internal surfaces of under ground cavities. Most of the measuring techniques intentionally disturb the state of stress in the rock and then measure consequent strains and displacements. Measured strains or displacements are then related to the stresses through assumptions of material behavior. A common procedure is to assume that the rock mass is linearly elastic, isotropic, continuous and homogeneous.

Rock Mechanics Research Requirements For Resource Recovery Construction And Earthquake Hazard Reduction

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Author : U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics. Panel on Rock-mechanics Research Requirements
language : en
Publisher: National Academies
Release Date : 1981

Rock Mechanics Research Requirements For Resource Recovery Construction And Earthquake Hazard Reduction written by U.S. National Committee for Rock Mechanics. Panel on Rock-mechanics Research Requirements and has been published by National Academies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Building categories.