Role Of Dscam In Netrin 1 Mediated Axon Repulsion And Neuronal Migration
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Role Of Dscam In Netrin 1 Mediated Axon Repulsion And Neuronal Migration
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Author : Anish A. Purohit
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Role Of Dscam In Netrin 1 Mediated Axon Repulsion And Neuronal Migration written by Anish A. Purohit and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Axons categories.
Axon pathfinding and neuronal migration are key events for proper nervous system development and function. Neuronal growth cones explore the environment for extracellular cues, which guide the axons along specific paths towards their targets. Netrin-1, a bifunctional guidance cue, binds to receptors deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC) and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) mediating axon attraction, and uncoordinated-5 (UNC5) mediating axon repulsion. The DCC/UNC5 heterodimer also modulates netrin-1 repulsion in the developing nervous system. We found that DSCAM interacts with UNC5C and netrin-1 stimulation increases this interaction in postnatal cerebellar cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that DSCAM may play a role in netrin-1 repulsion. Here we show that in an in vitro growth cone collapse assay, netrin-1 induces mouse cerebellum external granule layer (EGL) cell growth cone collapse. The DSCAM intracellular domain modulates netrin-1 induced axon repulsion. Inhibiting DSCAM intracellular signaling causes aberrant neuronal migration in the postnatal cerebellar EGL cells ex vivo. Thus, DSCAM plays a critical role in netrin-1 repulsion.
Modulation Of Microtubule Dynamics In Netrin Signaling
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Author : Huai Huang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Modulation Of Microtubule Dynamics In Netrin Signaling written by Huai Huang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Nervous system categories.
Neuronal development proceeds through several stages, such as axon and dendrite differentiation, elongation, branching, and pathfinding. Extracellular guidance cues play an essential role in these processes. Activation of downstream signaling of guidance receptors eventually leads to the cytoskeleton rearrangement. Microtubules (MTs), as one form of the cytoskeleton, play an important role in axon and dendrite outgrowth, elongation and branching. Netrin-1, a canonical guidance molecule, binds to its receptors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC), Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (DSCAM) and uncoordinated-5 (UNC5) mediating neuronal development. Our recent studies have shown that TUBB3, a neuronal ß-tubulin isotype III, directly binds to DCC and Netrin-1 induces this interaction. Results from multiple function assays indicate that TUBB3 is specifically involved in Netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth and guidance. Heterozygous missense mutations in human TUBB3 gene result in a spectrum of brain malformations associated with defects in axon guidance, neuronal migration, and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mutation-related axon guidance abnormalities are unclear. Here, we provide evidence that TUBB3 mutations impair Netrin/DCC signaling in the developing nervous system. The interaction of DCC with most of TUBB3 mutants (eight out of twelve) is significantly reduced compared to the wild type TUBB3. TUBB3 mutants R262C and A302V exhibit decreased subcellular colocalization with DCC in the growth cones of primary neurons. Netrin-1 enhances the interaction of endogenous DCC with wild type human TUBB3, but not with R262C or A302V, in primary neurons. Netrin-1 also increases the co-sedimentation of DCC with polymerized MTs in primary neurons expressing wild type TUBB3, but not R262C or A302V. Expression of either R262C or A302V not only suppresses Netrin-1-induced neurite outgrowth, branching and attraction in vitro, but also causes defects in spinal cord commissural axon projection and pathfinding in ovo. Our study reveals that missense TUBB3 mutations specifically disrupt Netrin/DCC-mediated attractive signaling. MT dynamics play an important role in Netrin-1-promoted axon outgrowth, branching, and axon pathfinding. However, the mechanism by which Netrin-1 regulates this process is not clear. The MT-associated protein (MAP) tau regulates MT stability and dynamics, which are important for neuronal development in the nervous system. Our study shows that tau interacts with the Netrin receptor DCC, and Netrin-1 induces this interaction in primary neurons. Tau colocalizes with DCC in the growth cone of primary neurons and Netrin-1 induces this colocalization. Activation of JNK, GSK-3 and Src family kinases are important for Netrin-1-induced DCC/tau interaction. Knockdown of tau inhibits Netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth, branching and commissural axon attraction in vitro and leads to defects in commissural axon projection in the chick spinal cord in vivo. These findings suggest that tau is involved in Netrin-1 signaling and essential for Netrin-1-promoted neuronal development. In general, these studies are focusing on the role of MT component protein TUBB3 and MT-associated protein tau in the Netrin-1 signaling. The study of TUBB3 mutants further validates the essential role of TUBB3 in Netrin-1-mediated neuronal development by showing that TUBB3 mutants A302V and R262C found in patients disrupt the function of TUBB3 in Netrin-1-mediated neurite outgrowth, axon branching and attraction. The study of tau reveals that tau is involved in Netrin-1-mediated neuronal development. However, the questions regarding the relationship between TUBB3 and tau in Netrin signaling need to be further addressed. For instance, whether Netrin-1 regulates the interaction between tau and TUBB3, and whether the interaction between DCC and tau is dependent upon the presence of TUBB3 need to be clarified.
Neural Control Of Movement
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Author : W.R. Ferrell
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Neural Control Of Movement written by W.R. Ferrell and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Presented with a choice of evils, most would prefer to be blinded rather than to be unable to move, immobilized in the late stages of Parkinson's disease. Yet in everyday life, as in Neuroscience, vision holds the centre of the stage. The conscious psyche watches a private TV show all day long, while the motor system is left to get on with it "out of sight and out of mind. " Motor skills are worshipped at all levels of society, whether in golf, tennis, soccer, athletics or in musical performance; meanwhile the subconscious machinery is ignored. But scientifically there is steady advance on a wide front, as we are reminded here, from the reversal of the reflexes of the stick insects to the site of motor learning in the human cerebral cortex. As in the rest of Physiology, evolution has preserved that which has already worked well; thus general principles can often be best discerned in lower animals. No one scientist can be personally involved at all levels of analysis, but especially for the motor system a narrow view is doomed from the outset. Interaction is all; the spinal cord has surrendered its autonomy to the brain, but the brain can only control the limbs by talking to the spinal cord in a language that it can understand, determined by its pre-existing circuitry; and both receive a continuous stream of feedback from the periphery.
Macromolecular Protein Complexes Ii Structure And Function
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Author : J. Robin Harris
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-14
Macromolecular Protein Complexes Ii Structure And Function written by J. Robin Harris and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-14 with Science categories.
This book follows on from Volume 83 in the SCBI series (“Macromolecular Protein Complexes”), and addresses several important topics (such as the Proteasome, Anaphase Promoting Complex, Ribosome and Apoptosome) that were not previously included, together with a number of additional exciting topics in this rapidly expanding field of study. Although the first SCBI Protein Complex book focused on soluble protein complexes, the second (Vol. 87)addressed Membrane Complexes, and the third (Vol. 88) put the spotlight on Viral Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes, a number of membrane, virus and even fibrillar protein complexes have been be considered for inclusion in the present book. A further book is also under preparation that follows the same pattern, in an attempt to provide a thorough coverage of the subject. Chapter 9 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Cellular Migration And Formation Of Axons And Dendrites
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Author : Bin Chen
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-06-13
Cellular Migration And Formation Of Axons And Dendrites written by Bin Chen and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-13 with Science categories.
Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections, Second Edition, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. This book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity
Cellular Migration And Formation Of Neuronal Connections
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Cellular Migration And Formation Of Neuronal Connections written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Science categories.
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity
Patterning And Cell Type Specification In The Developing Cns And Pns
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2013-05-06
Patterning And Cell Type Specification In The Developing Cns And Pns written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-06 with Science categories.
The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells
Visual Development
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Author : Nigel W. Daw
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Visual Development written by Nigel W. Daw and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Medical categories.
As the first introductory-level text in its field, Visual Development offers a comprehensive understanding of the development of the visual system and the effects of visual deprivation. The material is treated from the behavioral, anatomical, and physiological points of view. Complete with ample illustrations and a helpful glossary, this text is invaluable for graduate students, optometry students, and ophthalmology residents as well as for experts in related fields.
Drosophila Melanogaster Practical Uses In Cell And Molecular Biology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1995-01-25
Drosophila Melanogaster Practical Uses In Cell And Molecular Biology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-25 with Science categories.
Drosophila melanogaster: Practical Uses in Cell and Molecular Biology is a compendium of mostly short technical chapters designed to provide state-of-the art methods to the broad community of cell biologists, and to put molecular and cell biological studies of flies into perspective. The book makes the baroque aspects of genetic nomenclature and procedure accessible to cell biologists. It also contains a wealth of technical information for beginning or advanced Drosophila workers. Chapters, written within a year of publication, make this topical volume a valuable laboratory guide today and an excellent general reference for the future. Key Features* Collection of ready-to-use, state-of-the art methods for modern cell biological and related research using Drosophila melanogaster* Accessible to both experienced Drosophila researchers and to others who wish to join in at the cutting edge of this system * Drosophila offers an easily managed life cycle, inexpensive lifestyle, extraordinarily manipulable molecular and classical genetics, now combined with powerful new cell biology techniques * Introduction and overview sections orient the user to the Drosophila literature and lore * Six full-color plates and over 100 figures and tables enhance the understanding of these cell biology techniques
The Extracellular Environment In Controlling Neuronal Migration During Neocortical Development
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Author : Yuki Hirota
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-06-30
The Extracellular Environment In Controlling Neuronal Migration During Neocortical Development written by Yuki Hirota and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-30 with Science categories.