Role Of Phosphate Inhibitors In Mitigating Lead And Copper Corrosion
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Role Of Phosphate Inhibitors In Mitigating Lead And Copper Corrosion
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Author : Marc Edwards
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 2001
Role Of Phosphate Inhibitors In Mitigating Lead And Copper Corrosion written by Marc Edwards and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Chemical inhibitors categories.
The researchers warn that their findings may not apply in every situation, and that much more research needs to be done. They inquire into such questions as whether polyphosphate reversion is likely to be significant in water distribution systems, how important particulate lead and copper corrosion
Getting The Lead Out
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Getting The Lead Out written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Science categories.
Impact Of Corrosion Inhibitor Blended Orthophosphate On Water Quality In Water Distribution Systems
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Author : Abdulrahman Ali Alshehri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Impact Of Corrosion Inhibitor Blended Orthophosphate On Water Quality In Water Distribution Systems written by Abdulrahman Ali Alshehri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Drinking water categories.
The impact of blended orthophosphate (BOP) inhibitor addition on the corrosion of iron, copper, and lead in drinking water distribution systems was studied under changing water quality environment. Release of iron, copper, and lead were monitored at varying inhibitor doses and changing blends of source waters (groundwater, surface water, and desalinated water). Solid corrosion products on pipe surfaces under BOP treatment were evaluated with surface characterization techniques. Performance of the BOP inhibitor was compared to other corrosion control strategies. Iron scales for iron and galvanized steel coupons incubated in different blended waters in the presence of BOP inhibitor were analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) for surface composition. Identified iron corrosion products were ferric oxide (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), and hydrated ferric oxide (FeOOH), in addition to ferric phosphate (FePO4) on coupons exposed to BOP inhibitor. Variations of water quality did not significantly affect the distribution of solid iron forms on surface films. Thermodynamic modeling indicated siderite (FeCO3) was the controlling solid phase of iron release. XPS indicated addition of BOP inhibitor produced a solid phosphate film in the iron scale which could inhibit iron release. Impact of BOP, orthophosphate, and pH adjustment on iron release in a distribution system was examined. Iron release was sensitive to water quality variations (alkalinity and chloride) associated with source and blends of finished water. Finished waters with high alkalinity content (between 149 and 164 mg/L as CaCO3) consistently mitigated iron release regardless of inhibitor use. Dissolved iron constituted about 10% of total iron release. Empirical models were developed that related water quality, inhibitor type and dose to iron release. The BOP inhibitor minimized total iron release followed closely by increasing pH (between 7.9 and 8.1), while orthophosphate dose did not affect iron release. Temperature (ranged from 21.2 to 25.3) had limited influence on iron release with BOP treatment. Monitoring copper release showed that dissolved copper was the dominant form in the effluent, at about 88%. BOP inhibitor doses of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/L proved beneficial in controlling copper concentrations to an average of below 0.5 mg/L. Control of copper release improved with increasing BOP dose, despite changes in alkalinity. Elevation of pH by 0.3 unit beyond pHs (between 7.9 and 8.1) resulted in noticeable decrease in copper concentrations of about 30%, but was more sensitive to higher alkalinity (146 to 151 mg/L as CaCO3) than BOP treatment. Developed empirical models confirmed the importance of BOP inhibitor dose, pH increase, and alkalinity content on copper release. Statistical comparison of the corrosion control strategies proved the advantage of BOP inhibitor, at all doses, over pH elevation in controlling copper release. The BOP inhibitor mitigated lead release below action level, and consistently outperformed pH elevation, in all water quality conditions. XPS analysis identified lead dioxide (PbO2), lead oxide (PbO), cerussite (PbCO3), and hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) as the corrosion products in the scale of lead/tin coupons exposed to BOP inhibitor. XPS and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis suggested cerussite or hydrocerussite is the controlling solid phase of lead release. Thermodynamic models for cerussite and hydrocerussite grossly over predicted actual concentrations. Solubility and equilibrium relationships suggested the possibility of a lead orthophosphate solid that would describe the effectiveness of BOP inhibitor, although no lead-phosphate solid was detected by surface analysis. BOP inhibitor appeared to have mitigated lead release by forming a surface film between lead scale and the bulk water.
Savannah Harbor Expansion Project Chatman County Georgia And Jasper County South Carolina
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Author : United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Savannah Harbor Expansion Project Chatman County Georgia And Jasper County South Carolina written by United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Channels (Hydraulic engineering) categories.
Thirsty For Results
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Thirsty For Results written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Drinking water categories.
Internal Corrosion Control In Water Distribution Systems M58
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Author : AWWA Staff
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 2011-01-12
Internal Corrosion Control In Water Distribution Systems M58 written by AWWA Staff and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-12 with Corrosion and anti-corrosives categories.
Interactions Of Corrosion Control And Biofilm On Lead And Copper In Premise Plumbing
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Author : Sarah Jane Odessa Payne
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Interactions Of Corrosion Control And Biofilm On Lead And Copper In Premise Plumbing written by Sarah Jane Odessa Payne and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Seminar Publication
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Seminar Publication written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Drinking water categories.
Effects Of Phosphate Based Corrosion Inhibitors On Disinfectant Stability And Haa Ndma Formation When In Contact With Copper Iron And Lead
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Author : Hong Zhang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Effects Of Phosphate Based Corrosion Inhibitors On Disinfectant Stability And Haa Ndma Formation When In Contact With Copper Iron And Lead written by Hong Zhang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Water Quality Treatment A Handbook On Drinking Water
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Author : American Water Works Association
language : en
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Release Date : 2010-12-06
Water Quality Treatment A Handbook On Drinking Water written by American Water Works Association and has been published by McGraw Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The definitive water quality and treatment resource--fully revised and updated Comprehensive, current, and written by leading experts, Water Quality & Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water, Sixth Edition covers state-of-the-art technologies and methods for water treatment and quality control. Significant revisions and new material in this edition reflect the latest advances and critical topics in water supply and treatment. Presented by the American Water Works Association, this is the leading source of authoritative information on drinking water quality and treatment. NEW CHAPTERS ON: Chemical principles, source water composition, and watershed protection Natural treatment systems Water reuse for drinking water augmentation Ultraviolet light processes Formation and control of disinfection by-products DETAILED COVERAGE OF: Drinking water standards, regulations, goals, and health effects Hydraulic characteristics of water treatment reactors Gas-liquid processes and chemical oxidation Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and flotation Granular media and membrane filtration Ion exchange and adsorption of inorganic contaminants Precipitation, coprecipitation, and precipitative softening Adsorption of organic compounds by activated carbon Chemical disinfection Internal corrosion and deposition control Microbiological quality control in distribution systems Water treatment plant residuals management
