Role Of Sirtuins In Adipose Tissue Development And Metabolism
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Role Of Sirtuins In Adipose Tissue Development And Metabolism
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Author : Alina Kurylowicz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Role Of Sirtuins In Adipose Tissue Development And Metabolism written by Alina Kurylowicz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Science categories.
Sirtuins (silent information regulators, sirts) via modification of histones, as well as transcription factors and co-regulators, control expression of other genes, particularly those involved in the organism response to stress. Detection of sirtuin expression in adipocytes initiated interest in their role in adipose tissue development and metabolism. This chapter presents how sirtuins control the critical steps of preadipocytes,Äô differentiation and proliferation, as well as the process of adipose tissue browning. Moreover, it shows in vitro and in vivo data proving that sirtuins are involved in the regulation of lipogenesis, lipolysis, and secretory activity of adipose tissue. Due to all these reasons, sirtuins may constitute potential targets in the treatment of obesity and related complications.
Sirtuins In Adipose Tissue Metabolism
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Author : Manu Sudhakar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Sirtuins In Adipose Tissue Metabolism written by Manu Sudhakar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Medicine categories.
Obesity, a complex metabolic disorder linked to the development of several diseases, is characterized by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes. While white adipose tissue (WAT) is an energy storage site, brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation generates heat from nutrients by non-shivering thermogenesis. The human orthologue of silencing information regulator 2 (Sir2) which was recognized as a regulator of life span in S. cerevisiae, includes seven sirtuins which are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases distributed in different subcellular compartments. Sirtuins, particularly Sirt1, have emerged as important nutrient sensors and regulators of metabolism. Sirt1 has been shown to play a role in retarding the expansion of WAT while stimulating both differentiation and activation of brown adipose tissue as well as browning of WAT. This chapter focuses on the role of sirtuins in adipose tissue biology, their implications in obesity and potential as therapeutic targets.
Role Of Adipose Sirt1 In Regulating Systemic Energy Metabolism
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Author : Cheng Xu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-01-26
Role Of Adipose Sirt1 In Regulating Systemic Energy Metabolism written by Cheng Xu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.
This dissertation, "Role of Adipose SIRT1 in Regulating Systemic Energy Metabolism" by Cheng, Xu, 徐承, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: SIRT1 (sirtuin 1), a mammalian ortholog of the longevity regulator yeast Sir2p, elicits diversified functions by mediating NAD+ -dependent deacetylation of protein targets. SIRT1 contributes to the beneficial effects of calorie restriction, the non-genetic intervention capable of promoting longevity and reducing the incidence of age-related disorders. In mammals, SIRT1 acts as a metabolic regulator in response to environmental stress signals. Activation of SIRT1 protects mice against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. However, the tissue specific metabolic functions of SIRT1 remain to be defined. The present study shows that over-expression of human SIRT1 selectively in adipose tissue decreases circulating lipid levels, reduces whole body fat mass, and elevates systemic insulin sensitivity. By contrast, over-expression of a dominant-negative human SIRT1 mutant H363Y in adipose tissue accelerates the development of aging-associated insulin resistance. Activation or down-regulation of adipose SIRT1 promotes lipid mobilization towards different metabolic organs and alters biotin homeostasis in opposite manners. Adipose SIRT1 positively regulates lipid metabolism, genes expression and adipokines secretion which are negatively influenced by SIRT1 H363Y mutant. Biotin is a water soluble vitamin and plays an important role in energy metabolism. The present study shows that biotin and its metabolites are the endogenous inhibitors of SIRT1 enzymatic activity. Chronic biotin supplementation abolishes adipose SIRT1-mediated beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. These effects are partly explained by the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a key regulator of lipid metabolism and biotin homeostasis. SIRT1 selectively deacetylates and negatively regulate the protein stability of ACC. Over-expression of SIRT1 in fat cells persistently down-regulates ACC expression. The direct interaction between SIRT1 and ACC are subjected to rapid regulation by nutrient status which can explain the beneficial effect of SIRT1 in energy homeostasis. In mice subjected to chronic treatment with biotin, the interactions between SIRT1 and ACC were significantly inhibited. Taken in conjunction, the above findings reveal that SIRT1 in adipose tissue functions to regulate systemic energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity. In particular, it plays a critical role in modulating ACC protein levels and biotin homeostasis in adipose tissue, which in turn facilitate lipid storage and utilization in response to nutrient level changes. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5016268 Subjects: Sirtuins Energy metabolism
Introductory Review On Sirtuins In Biology Aging And Disease
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Author : Leonard Guarente
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-04-20
Introductory Review On Sirtuins In Biology Aging And Disease written by Leonard Guarente and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-20 with Science categories.
Introductory Review on Sirtuins in Biology and Disease provides key insights for scientists and advanced students who need to understand sirtuins and the current research in this field. This book is ideal for pharmaceutical companies as they develop novel targets using sirtuins for metabolic diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative illnesses. Sirtuins are a diverse family of proteins, with several members in mammals. The functional diversity of sirtuins is rather broad, and they have been implicated in various central biological processes. Thus, they are also highly relevant in the context of various human diseases, from cancer to neurodegeneration. Covers both the general and specific aspects of sirtuin proteins and their role in biology, aging and disease Presents a top quality collection of leading experts who contribute on a wide range of sirtuin-related topics Ideal resource for pharmaceutical companies as they develop novel targets using sirtuins for metabolic diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative illnesses
Role Of Sharp 1 During Adipogenic Differentiation Adipose Tissue Development And Hepatic Lipid Metabolism
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Author : Neriman Tuba Kockara
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Role Of Sharp 1 During Adipogenic Differentiation Adipose Tissue Development And Hepatic Lipid Metabolism written by Neriman Tuba Kockara and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Adipose Tissue
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2019-11-06
Adipose Tissue written by and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-06 with Medical categories.
Adipose tissue, a kind of connective tissue, plays different and significant roles in the human body. Its function includes protection against environmental factors, storage of lipids and triacylglycerol, and the process of thermogenesis. It is also involved in the secretion of highly active biomolecules such as steroid hormones, prostaglandins, as well as proteins called “adipokines.” On the other hand, disturbances in functions of adipose tissue may cause several pathologies such as obesity and insulin resistance. Obesity is a worldwide health problem, whereas diabetes mellitus due to insulin resistance is defined by the World Health Organization as “a progressive worldwide epidemic.” Especially dangerous is visceral accumulation of adipose tissue.This book describes a series of up-to-date topics about physiological and pathological processes in adipose tissue.
Histone Deacetylases The Biology And Clinical Implication
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Author : Tso-Pang Yao
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-08-31
Histone Deacetylases The Biology And Clinical Implication written by Tso-Pang Yao and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-31 with Medical categories.
The book highlights work from many different labs that taught us abnormal HDACs potentially contribute to the development or progression of many human diseases including immune dysfunctions, heart disease, cancer, memory impairment, aging, and metabolic disorders.
Introduction To Epigenetics
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Author : Renato Paro
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-23
Introduction To Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-23 with Science categories.
This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
A Time For Metabolism And Hormones
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Author : Paolo Sassone-Corsi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-04
A Time For Metabolism And Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-04 with Medical categories.
Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.
Encyclopedia Of Signaling Molecules
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 19??
Encyclopedia Of Signaling Molecules written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 19?? with categories.