Roles Of Escrt Machinery In Endosomal Repair And Recycling
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Roles Of Escrt Machinery In Endosomal Repair And Recycling
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Author : Michał Leszek Skowyra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Roles Of Escrt Machinery In Endosomal Repair And Recycling written by Michał Leszek Skowyra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Endosomes function to sort, recycle, and degrade a wide range of substances from within and outside the cell. Materials such as incoming pathogens, membrane-destabilizing molecules, or particulates can damage endosomal vesicles. While terminally damaged compartments are degraded by autophagy, pathways that repair salvageable organelles are poorly understood. Here we propose that the ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) protein machinery, which mediates budding and fission events during endosomal trafficking, also plays an essential role in endosomal repair. ESCRTs rapidly acumulated on endosomes following acute injury by lysosomotropic peptides via a pathway that was independent of autophagy. We used live-cell imaging to demonstrate that ESCRTs responded to small disruptions in endolysosomal membranes and enabled compartments to recover from limited damage. ESCRT recruitment was also triggered by engulfed silica crystals, transfection reagents, osmotic rupture, and oxidative damage, and was especially pronounced in astrocytes and phagocytic cells. ESCRTs might thus provide a defense against endosomal damage likely to be relevant in various physiological and pathological contexts associated with endosomal leakage. The mechanism of ESCRT-facilitated repair and the architecture of the repair complex are unknown. A major challenge derives from the transient and multifactorial nature of ESCRT structures, which assemble from multiple subunits and are disassembled by the AAA-ATPase VPS4 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting 4). A VPS4 inhibitor would thus be of interest for blocking disassembly and stabilizing ESCRT complexes. We show that the quinazoline derivatives ML240 and DBeQ can inhibit in vitro the ATPase activity of human VPS4A. ML240 additionally caused ESCRTs to accumulate on endosomes and might therefore also inhibit VPS4 in cells. Both compounds are well-known inhibitors of the related AAA-ATPase VCP (Valosin Containing Protein)/p97, but the cellular effects of ML240 on ESCRTs were unrelated to inhibition of this enzyme. We thus propose that VPS4 can be targeted by quinazoline-based molecules, and anticipate that ML240 can provide a starting point for generating more selective VPS4 inhibitors. We note that ML240 also caused extensive tubulation of early endosomes and perturbed endosomal recycling pathways, independently of its effects on VPS4 and VCP. We speculate that the compound might additionally inhibit the microtubule-severing AAA-ATPase Spastin that is homologous to VPS4 and has been suspected to promote recycling tubule fission. ML240 might thus also be exploited to clarify the role of this enzyme in endosomal recycling. Despite its microtubule-severing activity, Spastin also binds the ESCRT-III proteins CHMP1B and IST1 and evidence supports an ill-defined role for all three factors in endosomal tubule fission. By examining structures formed by CHMP1B and Spastin's effect on their stability, we show that CHMP1B polymers form helical spirals that extrude membrane tubules into the cytoplasm, and that Spastin can resolubilize these polymers. ESCRTs and Spastin might thus comprise a distinct membrane fission machinery. We also demonstrate that CHMP1B polymers are phosphorylated and suggest a role for this modification in ESCRT complex formation.
Structures Signaling Mechanisms And Functions Of Types I And Iii Interferons
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Author : Ronald L. Rabin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-04-23
Structures Signaling Mechanisms And Functions Of Types I And Iii Interferons written by Ronald L. Rabin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-23 with Medical categories.
Dr. Walter receives financial support from Pfizer. The other Topic Editor declares no competing interest with regards to the Research Topic theme.
The Vascular Niche In Tissue Repair A Therapeutic Target For Regeneration
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Author : Francisco J. Rivera
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-03-13
The Vascular Niche In Tissue Repair A Therapeutic Target For Regeneration written by Francisco J. Rivera and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-13 with categories.
Tissues and organs have, although sometimes limited, the capacity for endogenous repair, which is aimed to re-establish integrity and homeostasis. Tissue repair involves pro- and anti-inflammatory processes, new tissue formation and remodelling. Depending on the local microenvironment, tissue repair results either in scar tissue formation or in regeneration. The latter aims to recapitulate the original tissue structure and architecture with the proper functionality. Although some organisms (such as planarians) have a high regenerative capacity throughout the body, in humans this property is more restricted to a few organs and tissues. Regeneration in the adult is possible in particular through the existence of tissue-resident pools of stem/progenitor cells. In response to tissue damage, these cells are activated, they proliferate and migrate, and differentiate into mature cells. Angiogenesis and neovascularization play a crucial role in tissue repair. Besides providing with oxygen and nutrients, angiogenesis generates a vascular niche (VN) consisting of different blood-derived elements and endothelial cells surrounded by basement membrane as well as perivascular cells. The newly generated VN communicates with the local stem/progenitor cells and contributes to tissue repair. For example, platelets, macrophages, neutrophils, perivascular cells and other VN components actively participate in the repair of skin, bone, muscle, tendon, brain, spinal cord, etc. Despite these observations, the exact role of the VN in tissue repair and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and are awaiting further evidence that, indeed, will be required for the development of regenerative therapies for the treatment of traumatic injuries as well as degenerative diseases.
Molecular Regulation Of Endocytosis
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Author : Brian Ceresa
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2012-07-06
Molecular Regulation Of Endocytosis written by Brian Ceresa and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-06 with Science categories.
Molecular Regulation of Endocytosis is a compilation of scientific "short stories" about the entry of external substances into cells. As one can see from the chapters, endocytosis regulates diverse processes such as homeostasis of the cell, signal transduction, entry of pathogens and viruses. In addition to the experimental techniques embedded in each chapter, entire chapters are dedicated to experimental approaches that will be useful to all scientists and their model systems. For those more clinically oriented, the final chapters look to the future and ways of utilizing endocytic pathways for therapeutic purposes.
Encyclopedia Of Cell Biology
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2015-08-07
Encyclopedia Of Cell Biology written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-07 with Science categories.
The Encyclopedia of Cell Biology, Four Volume Set offers a broad overview of cell biology, offering reputable, foundational content for researchers and students across the biological and medical sciences. This important work includes 285 articles from domain experts covering every aspect of cell biology, with fully annotated figures, abundant illustrations, videos, and references for further reading. Each entry is built with a layered approach to the content, providing basic information for those new to the area and more detailed material for the more experienced researcher. With authored contributions by experts in the field, the Encyclopedia of Cell Biology provides a fully cross-referenced, one-stop resource for students, researchers, and teaching faculty across the biological and medical sciences. Fully annotated color images and videos for full comprehension of concepts, with layered content for readers from different levels of experience Includes information on cytokinesis, cell biology, cell mechanics, cytoskeleton dynamics, stem cells, prokaryotic cell biology, RNA biology, aging, cell growth, cell Injury, and more In-depth linking to Academic Press/Elsevier content and additional links to outside websites and resources for further reading A one-stop resource for students, researchers, and teaching faculty across the biological and medical sciences
Mass Spectrometry For Lipidomics
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Author : Michal Holcapek
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2023-03-07
Mass Spectrometry For Lipidomics written by Michal Holcapek and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-07 with Science categories.
Mass Spectrometry for Lipidomics All-in-one guide to successful lipidomic analysis, combining the latest advances and best practices from academia, industry, and clinical research Mass Spectrometry for Lipidomics presents a systematic overview of lipidomic analysis, covering established standards of lipid analysis, available technology, and key lipid classes, as well as applications in basic research, medicine, pharma, and the food industry. Through connecting recent technological advances with key application areas, this unique guide bridges the gap between academia and industry by translating the vast body of knowledge that has been gained in the past decade into much-needed practical advice for novices as well as routine users. Edited by the president and vice-president of the International Lipidomics Society with contributions from the top experts in lipid analysis, Mass Spectrometry for Lipidomics covers a wide range of key topics, including: Aspects of sample preparation, separation methods, different mass spectrometry modes, as well as identification and quantitation, including the use of bioinformatics tools for data analysis Identification, quantitation and profiling of lipids in different types of biological samples Analytical approaches for all major classes of biological lipids, from fatty acids to phospholipids to sterols Novel applications in biological research, clinical diagnostics, as well as food and crop science For analytical chemists, biochemists, clinical chemists, and analytical laboratories and hospitals, Mass Spectrometry for Lipidomics presents a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the subject, with unmatched expertise from practicing professionals actively involved in the latest research.
Biomimetic Biomaterials For Tissue Regeneration And Drug Delivery
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Author : Mamoni Dash
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-03-15
Biomimetic Biomaterials For Tissue Regeneration And Drug Delivery written by Mamoni Dash and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-15 with Science categories.
This book illustrates the influence of biomimetics in the field of tissue engineering and drug delivery. These two distinct fields of regenerative medicine have greatly benefited from the concept of biomimetics, which focuses on using or imitating nature to develop materials for improving human lives. The book begins by highlighting the relevance and recent advances in biomimetic biomaterials. An updated and innovative content has been presented in terms of biomimetic systems that are being utilized in controlled delivery and stem cell therapy. Further, the book reviews the role of these materials in enhanced capacity for drug loading, cellular uptake, and controlled release within the target cells. The book includes advanced techniques for characterizing biomimetic biomaterials and highlights their pivotal role in providing three-dimensional templates and synthetic extracellular matrices.
Molecular And Cellular Neurobiology
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Author : S. Prasad
language : en
Publisher: Alpha Science Int'l Ltd.
Release Date : 2005
Molecular And Cellular Neurobiology written by S. Prasad and has been published by Alpha Science Int'l Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Medical categories.
Presents an account of the remarkable progress made in different areas of neurobiology. This book introduces the structure and development of the brain, showing how they are specialized for the functions they serve. It is concerned with hormones and neurotransmitters.
Cell Biology Of Viral Infections
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Author : Pierre-Yves Lozach
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-01-25
Cell Biology Of Viral Infections written by Pierre-Yves Lozach and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-25 with Science categories.
Viruses exhibit an elegant simplicity as they are so basic, but so frightening. Although only a few are life threatening, they have substantial implications for human health and the economy, as exemplified by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. Viruses are rather small infectious agents found in all types of life forms, from animals and plants to prokaryotes and archaebacteria. They are obligate intracellular parasites, and as such, subvert many molecular and cellular processes of the host cell to ensure their own replication, amplification, and subsequent spread. This Special Issue addresses the cell biology of viral infections based on a collection of original research articles, communications, opinions, and reviews on various aspects of virus–host cell interactions. Together, these articles not only provide a glance into the latest research on the cell biology of viral infections but also include novel technological developments.
Wound Healing
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Author : Vlad Alexandrescu
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-10-12
Wound Healing written by Vlad Alexandrescu and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-12 with Medical categories.
Outstanding scientific advances over the last decades unceasingly reveal real complexity of wound-healing process, astonishing in its staged progression, as life is unfolding itself. This natural course of tissue repair seems to bear thousands of overlapping molecular and macroscopic processes that nowadays only start to unfold to our knowledge. The present volume collecting recent scientific references proposes to readers a two-folded audacious goal. First, an updated design of intimate cellular mechanisms is entailed in tissue regeneration that emanates from the first section of the book. Next, a multidisciplinary therapeutic perspective that focuses on macroscopic healing throughout the second part of this work adds clinically integrated observation. Practical diagnostic and treatment information is appended in each chapter that may equally help experienced clinicians or dedicated students and researchers in broadening essential breaking points of their work. It is the wish of all multidisciplinary experts who gather prominent author's panel of this volume to incorporate latest medical reports and compel limits of current understanding for better tissue regeneration, limb salvage, and improved quality of life of our patients.