S Cheresse Et Changement Climatique En Afrique De L Ouest
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S Cheresse Et Changement Climatique En Afrique De L Ouest
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Author : Kondi Akara Ghafi
language : fr
Publisher: Editions Universitaires Europeennes
Release Date : 2015-08-18
S Cheresse Et Changement Climatique En Afrique De L Ouest written by Kondi Akara Ghafi and has been published by Editions Universitaires Europeennes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-18 with categories.
La secheresse demeure l'une des consequences nefastes des changements climatiques en Afrique. Elle est egalement l'un des trois risques climatiques majeurs sur le territoire de la Republique du Benin en dehors des inondations et des vents violents. Au cours de la derniere decennie, les populations du nord Benin ont ete frequemment surprises par des sequences de secheresse. Il se pose donc la question de la prevision du phenomene dans cette partie du pays. La presente etude vise a contribuer a la mise en place d'un systeme de prevision de la secheresse en Afrique tropicale. Pour ce faire, une enquete a d'abord ete menee afin de faire l'etat des lieux des situations de secheresses, evaluer leurs impacts et faire des propositions pour l'adaptation et l'attenuation de leurs effets. Ensuite, plusieurs donnees climatiques de sources differentes ont ete croisees pour voir comment ces secheresses ont evolue dans le passe et quelle est la variabilite atmospherique associee a une telle situation. Enfin, des modeles climatiques ont ete etudies pour prevoir l'evolution du phenomene afin de prendre les mesures adequates."
R Duire La Vuln Rabilit De L Afrique De L Ouest Aux Impacts Du Climat Sur Les Ressources En Eau Les Zones Humides Et La D Sertification
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Author :
language : fr
Publisher: IUCN
Release Date : 2004
R Duire La Vuln Rabilit De L Afrique De L Ouest Aux Impacts Du Climat Sur Les Ressources En Eau Les Zones Humides Et La D Sertification written by and has been published by IUCN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Climatic changes categories.
Changement Climatique Au Mali
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Author : Christelle Flore Tchoupé Makougoum
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Changement Climatique Au Mali written by Christelle Flore Tchoupé Makougoum and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Le Mali est un pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest où l'agriculture est essentiellement pluviale et, par conséquent, largement tributaire des conditions climatiques. Cette forte dépendance de l'agriculture à l'égard du climat en fait de facto un champ d'investigation privilégié et ce, d'autant plus que l'agriculture est le socle sur lequel repose l'économie du Mali. En alliant travaux théoriques et empiriques, cette thèse se propose de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension de l'incidence du changement climatique sur l'agriculture et une meilleure compréhension des pratiques agricoles permettant de s'y adapter. Le premier chapitre examine les manifestations du changement climatique et leurs impacts sur la production de céréales. L'analyse des corrélations entre les séries de données climatiques et agricoles indiquent que le changement climatique a globalement un effet négatif sur les rendements céréaliers. Cette première analyse au niveau de la production est ensuite complétée par une analyse qui se focalise sur le comportement du producteur. Ainsi, le deuxième chapitre s'intéresse aux performances managériales des agriculteurs. En utilisant la méthode des frontières stochastiques de production, nous trouvons qu'en partie, l'inefficience des agriculteurs est due au changement climatique. Il ressort par ailleurs que cette inefficience climatique est marginale comparée à l'inefficience technique des agriculteurs. Ce résultat suggère que l'augmentation de la production devrait nécessairement passer par l'amélioration des capacités des agriculteurs à combiner les facteurs de productions dans les bonnes proportions. Ceci étant, nous menons par la suite une réflexion sur la façon de garantir le maintien ou l'augmentation de la production agricole dans un contexte de changement climatique. A cet effet, le troisième chapitre identifie les déterminants de l'adaptation au changement climatique. L'intérêt est porté sur les pratiques agricoles d'adaptation qui préservent l'environnement. Nous utilisons un modèle logit multinomial. Il ressort de l'analyse que les caractéristiques sociodémographiques des ménages agricoles, les caractéristiques biophysiques des parcelles et la survenue d'épisode de sécheresse influent sur l'adoption des stratégies d'adaptation au changement climatique. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre étudie les facteurs de la mécanisation des exploitations agricoles grâce au modèle de sélection de Heckman. Les résultats révèlent que l'intensité de la mécanisation agricole augmente avec la taille des exploitations et diminue avec l'accroissement de l'effectif en main-d'œuvre familiale. Par ailleurs, la sécheresse réduit les chances de l'agriculteur de mécaniser les exploitations agricoles.
Les Soci T S Rurales Face Aux Changements Climatiques Et Environnementaux En Afrique De L Ouest
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Author : Collectif
language : fr
Publisher: IRD Éditions
Release Date : 2017-03-08
Les Soci T S Rurales Face Aux Changements Climatiques Et Environnementaux En Afrique De L Ouest written by Collectif and has been published by IRD Éditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-08 with Social Science categories.
L’avenir de l'Afrique de l'Ouest dépend de la capacité de son agriculture à assurer la sécurité alimentaire de sa population, qui devrait doubler en vingt ans, tout en faisant face aux risques nouveaux engendrés par le réchauffement climatique. En effet, les modifications de température et de précipitations déjà à l’oeuvre, et qui devraient s’amplifier, auront dans un futur proche des répercussions importantes sur la production agricole et sur les ressources en eau de cette partie du continent africain. L’adaptation des sociétés rurales aux risques climatiques est une des clés pour relever ce nouveau défi. Pour mieux en connaître le potentiel, les processus et les barrières, cet ouvrage analyse les évolutions récentes et en cours du climat et de l’environnement, et étudie comment les sociétés rurales les perçoivent et les intègrent : quels sont les impacts de ces changements, quelles vulnérabilités mais aussi quelles nouvelles opportunités entraînent-ils ? Comment les populations s’y adaptent-elles, et quelles innovations mettent-elles en oeuvre, alors que les effets induits par le climat interagissent avec les changements sociaux, politiques, économiques et techniques en cours sur le continent ? En associant des chercheurs français et africains (climatologues, agronomes, hydrologues, écologues, démographes, géographes, anthropologues, sociologues...) dans une approche interdisciplinaire, cet ouvrage apporte une contribution précieuse pour mieux anticiper les risques climatiques et évaluer les capacités des sociétés africaines à y faire face.
Climate Change In West Africa
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Author : Massimiliano Mondelli
language : fr
Publisher: Editions L'Harmattan
Release Date : 2009
Climate Change In West Africa written by Massimiliano Mondelli and has been published by Editions L'Harmattan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Climatic changes categories.
Ces contributions à un colloque portant sur le changement climatique en Afrique de l'Ouest détaillent les sujets suivants : le lien entre climat et crise financière, l'initiative ivoirienne sur les changements climatiques, le dialogue environnemental en Afrique de l'Ouest, les stratégies d'adaptation et de gestion de ces changements climatiques.
Climate Change
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Author : Collectif
language : en
Publisher: IRD Éditions
Release Date : 2020-11-26
Climate Change written by Collectif and has been published by IRD Éditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-26 with Business & Economics categories.
The mobilisation centred on the 2015 Paris Climate Conference (COP 21) is an opportunity to highlight the vulnerability of environments and populations in the South in the face of climate warming. Some tropical regions are already suffering from its effects, with heat waves in the Sahel, disturbances to monsoon systems, the melting of the Andean glaciers, threats to biodiversity, a rise in sea level and other features. Research conducted by IRD and its partners provides key knowledge for better understanding of the complexity of these phenomena. This book is a synthesis in three parts: observing and understanding climate change, analysing its main impacts on environments and setting societies and national public policies at the heart of the climate challenge. Focused on the capacity for resilience of populations and ecosystems in the face of trends in the climate, the book explores solutions that reconcile mitigation and adaptation in response to climate change, conservation of the environment and a reduction of inequalities. The work is both well documented and explanatory, reviewing operations and the results of research that is firmly involved and interdisciplinary, closely associating partners in the North and the South.
Soils As A Key Component Of The Critical Zone 2
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Author : Guillaume Dhérissard
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2018-10-16
Soils As A Key Component Of The Critical Zone 2 written by Guillaume Dhérissard and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-16 with Science categories.
This volume comprises three parts: 1) from local to global, 2) what type of sustainable management? 3) territorial approaches. The first chapter demonstrates, from the French example, that better soil management is a societal issue. At the global level, the second chapter raises the question of land grabbing and land use conflicts. This book also raises the question of the legal status of the soil. It then shows how soils need to be integrated when defining sustainable agricultural systems. French and European examples illustrate how taking environmental problems into account depends as much on their acuity as on how problems are perceived by public and private, social or economic actors. Therefore, it is important to promote co-diagnosis involving the scientific community and the various other actors in order to improve the regulation on soils. This multi-actor soil governance is facilitated by the use of simple soil quality indicators. Finally, examples in France and Vietnam show how soils are to be considered as territorial commons within landscapes. This last chapter recommends in particular to put an end to the absolute right of soil ownership and to distribute the usufruct of land between various private and public beneficiaries.
Turn Down The Heat
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Author : A Report for the World Bank by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Analytics.
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2013-06-19
Turn Down The Heat written by A Report for the World Bank by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and Analytics. and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-19 with Climatic changes categories.
This report focuses on the risks of climate change to development in Sub-Saharan Africa, South East Asia and South Asia. Building on the 2012 report, Turn Down the Heat: Why a 4°C Warmer World Must be Avoided, this new scientific analysis examines the likely impacts of present day, 2°C and 4°C warming on agricultural production, water resources, and coastal vulnerability. It finds many significant climate and development impacts are already being felt in some regions, and that as warming increases from present day (0.8°C) to 2°C and 4°C, multiple threats of increasing extreme heat waves, sea-level rise, more severe storms, droughts and floods are expected to have further severe negative implications for the poorest and most vulnerable. The report finds that agricultural yields will be affected across the three regions, with repercussions for food security, economic growth, and poverty reduction. In addition, urban areas have been identified as new clusters of vulnerability with urban dwellers, particularly the urban poor, facing significant vulnerability to climate change. In Sub-Saharan Africa, under 3°C global warming, savannas are projected to decrease from their current levels to approximately one-seventh of total land area and threaten pastoral livelihoods. Under 4°C warming, total hyper-arid and arid areas are projected to expand by 10 percent. In South East Asia, under 2°C warming, heat extremes that are virtually absent today would cover nearly 60-70 percent of total land area in northern-hemisphere summer, adversely impacting ecosystems. Under 4°C warming, rural populations would face mounting pressures from sea-level rise, increased tropical cyclone intensity, storm surges, saltwater intrusions, and loss of marine ecosystem services. In South Asia, the potential sudden onset of disturbances to the monsoon system and rising peak temperatures would put water and food resources at severe risk. Well before 2°C warming occurs, substantial reductions in the frequency of low snow years is projected to cause substantial reductions in dry season flow, threatening agriculture. Many of the worst climate impacts could still be avoided by holding warming below 2°C, but the window for action is closing rapidly. Urgent action is also needed to build resilience to a rapidly warming world that will pose significant risks to agriculture, water resources, coastal infrastructure, and human health.
Climate Change And Water Resources In Africa
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Author : Salif Diop
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-02-15
Climate Change And Water Resources In Africa written by Salif Diop and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The focus of this book is on the key water-related vulnerabilities to climate change in Africa, particularly in its most vulnerable areas, exploring potential management responses to such vulnerabilities. The African countries are particularly exposed and vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, with important impacts on water resources and hydrological systems, water availability, water resource management and sea level variations. Already, under various anthropogenic pressures, the status of water resources in Africa has been changing over the past decades, with decreasing water quality, falling groundwater levels, and variability in rainfall, both in terms of timing and intensity. Climate change will further accelerate the rate of change, affecting the ability of people and societies to respond in a timely manner. It is clear that there is no quick fix to the pressures imposed on water resources by climate change. Increasing the resilience of ecosystems and communities to extreme events such as flooding and drought, and integrating climate change risks and opportunities into development decision-making is indeed a key challenge, as much a technical climate-change one, as a political and developmental challenge. The book, in this regard, intends to contribute to the debate around climate change in relation to water resources management in Africa, and in particular inform policy decisions and actions that will improve governments’ and communities’ ability to manage the challenges of climate change and variability in relation to the aquatic ecosystems that they depend on. The knowledge collected in this book will benefit policy makers, researchers, as well as other stakeholders.
The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020
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Author : UNESCO
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-03-27
The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020 written by UNESCO and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-27 with Political Science categories.
The 2020 edition of the WWDR, titled Water and Climate Change illustrates the critical linkages between water and climate change in the context of the broader sustainable development agenda. Supported by examples from across the world, it describes both the challenges and opportunities created by climate change, and provides potential responses – in terms of adaptation, mitigation and improved resilience – that can be undertaken by enhancing water resources management, attenuating water-related risks, and improving access to water supply and sanitation services for all in a sustainable manner. It addresses the interrelations between water, people, environment and economics in a changing climate, demonstrating how climate change can be a positive catalyst for improved water management, governance and financing to achieve a sustainable and prosperous world for all. The report provides a fact-based, water-focused contribution to the knowledge base on climate change. It is complementary to existing scientific assessments and designed to support international political frameworks, with the goals of helping the water community tackle the challenges of climate change, and informing the climate change community about the opportunities that improved water management offers in terms of adaptation and mitigation.