Sea Spray Its Production Near Surface Distribution And Effect On Surface Heat And Moisture Fluxes
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Sea Spray Its Production Near Surface Distribution And Effect On Surface Heat And Moisture Fluxes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Sea Spray Its Production Near Surface Distribution And Effect On Surface Heat And Moisture Fluxes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
The goal is to investigate, theoretically and through analyzing existing data, the role that sea spray plays in transferring heat and moisture across the air-sea interface, especially in high winds. Ultimately, we hope to develop simple parameterizations for these air-sea fluxes for use in large-scale models. The biggest impediment to progress in this area is poor knowledge of the rate at which sea spray droplets of various sizes are produced at the air-sea interface. Thus, the first objective is to better quantify the sea spray generation function. Two classes of spray droplets exist: those derived from bursting bubbles (either film or jet droplets) and those torn directly from wave crests by the wind (spume droplets). The spray generation function for each class likely depends on wind speed, water temperature, sea state, and surface contaminants. The second objective is to develop parameterizations, based on microphysical modeling, for the rate at which individual spray droplets exchange heat and moisture with their environment. The third objective is then to couple the spray generation function with the microphysical modeling to estimate the integrated contribution of all spray droplets to the surface heat and moisture fluxes. A related objective is to quantify how the feedback between the elevated spray heat and moisture sources alters the interfacial transfer (the turbulent air-sea transfer that obtains in the absence of spray).
Sea Spray Production And Influence On Air Sea Heat And Moisture Fluxes Over The Open Ocean
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Sea Spray Production And Influence On Air Sea Heat And Moisture Fluxes Over The Open Ocean written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Atmospheric turbulence categories.
Air Sea Exchange Physics Chemistry And Dynamics
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Author : G.L. Geernaert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Air Sea Exchange Physics Chemistry And Dynamics written by G.L. Geernaert and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
During the 1980's a wealth of information was reported from field and laboratory experiments in order to validate andlor modify various aspects of the surface layer Monin-Obukhov (M-O) similarity theory for use over the sea, and to introduce and test new concepts related to high resolution flux magnitudes and variabilities. For example, data from various field experiments conducted on the North Sea, Lake Ontario, and the Atlantic experiments, among others, yielded information on the dependence of the flux coefficients on wave state. In all field projects, the usual criteria for satisfying M-O similarity were applied. The assumptions of stationarity and homogeneity was assumed to be relevant over both small and large scales. In addition, the properties of the outer layer were assumed to be "correlated" with properties of the surface layer. These assumptions generally required that data were averaged for spatial footprints representing scales greater than 25 km (or typically 30 minutes or longer for typical windspeeds). While more and more data became available over the years, and the technology applied was more reliable, robust, and durable, the flux coefficients and other turbulent parameters still exhibited significant unexplained scatter. Since the scatter did not show sufficient reduction over the years to meet customer needs, in spite of improved technology and heavy financial investments, one could only conclude that perhaps the use of similarity theory contained too many simplifications when applied to environments which were more complicated than previously thought.
Air Sea Exchange Of Heat And Moisture During Storms
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Author : R.S. Bortkovskii
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Air Sea Exchange Of Heat And Moisture During Storms written by R.S. Bortkovskii and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
Scientists investigating the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere now believe that the drag coefficient, and the coefficients of heat transfer and moisture transfer at the sea surface, all increase with an intensification of the wind, reaching high values during a storm. This belief is based on the results of gradient and eddy correlation measurements in the air layer over the water, as weIl as on data concerning the effect of storms on the structure of the upper layer of the ocean and on the planetary atmospheric boundary layer. However, until recently it was impossible to explain just how the above coefficients depend on the wind velocity and to extrapolate this dependence into the region of hurricane velocities. Only by studying nonturbulent mechanisms of transfer, which play an important role dose to the surface of a stormy sea, and mechanisms of spray mediated transfer in particular, was it possible to proceed to a solution of this problem. This book presents the results of laboratory and field studies of the spray field in the air layer above the surface of a stormy sea. Since there is a dose correlation between the generation of spray and the breaking of wind waves, considerable attention is given to the analysis of data on the sea state during a storm. Su'ch data are of interest when solving a number of diverse theoretical and applied problems.
Ocean Atmosphere Interactions Of Gases And Particles
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Author : Peter S. Liss
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-12-18
Ocean Atmosphere Interactions Of Gases And Particles written by Peter S. Liss and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-18 with Science categories.
The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.
Ocean Waves Breaking And Marine Aerosol Fluxes
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Author : Stanislaw R. Massel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-10
Ocean Waves Breaking And Marine Aerosol Fluxes written by Stanislaw R. Massel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-10 with Science categories.
This book fills a gap in knowledge of breaking waves and their influence on the generation of marine fluxes from ocean surfaces. Based on published data as well as on the author's experience, the text explores in detail the relationship chain of breaking waves, whitecaps coverage, rate of wave energy dissipation, amount of aerosol fluxes rising from a given sea basin, and possible seasonal variations.
Sea Salt Aerosol Production
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Author : Ernie R. Lewis
language : en
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Release Date : 2004-01-09
Sea Salt Aerosol Production written by Ernie R. Lewis and has been published by American Geophysical Union this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-09 with Science categories.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) exerts a major influence over a broad reach of geophysics. It is important to the physics and chemistry of the marine atmosphere and to marine geochemistry and biogeochemistry generally. It affects visibility, remote sensing, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality. Sea salt aerosol particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size distribution of these other aerosols and more broadly influencing the geochemical cycles of substances with which they interact. As the key aerosol constituent over much of Earth's surface at present, and all the more so in pre-industrial times, SSA is central to description of Earth's aerosol burden.
Lukens Families Of Kentucky
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Lukens Families Of Kentucky written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Encyclopedia Of Ocean Sciences
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-04-12
Encyclopedia Of Ocean Sciences written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-12 with Science categories.
The oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface, and are critical components of Earth’s climate system. This new edition of Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, Six Volume Set summarizes the breadth of knowledge about them, providing revised, up to date entries as well coverage of new topics in the field. New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and the cryosphere, climate and climate change, hydrothermal and cold seep systems. The structure of the work provides a modern presentation of the field, reflecting the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief. In this framework maximum attention has been devoted to making this an organic and unified reference. Represents a one-stop. organic information resource on the breadth of ocean science research Reflects the input and different perspective of chemical, physical and biological oceanography, the specialized area of expertise of each of the three Editors-in-Chief New and expanded sections include microbial ecology, high latitude systems and climate change Provides scientifically reliable information at a foundational level, making this work a resource for students as well as active researches
Journal Of Physical Oceanography
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-04
Journal Of Physical Oceanography written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-04 with Marine meteorology categories.
