Sediment Removal From Urban Runoff Using Seep Berms And Vegetative Filtration
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Sediment Removal From Urban Runoff Using Seep Berms And Vegetative Filtration
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Author : Firas Nadim Hamade
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Sediment Removal From Urban Runoff Using Seep Berms And Vegetative Filtration written by Firas Nadim Hamade and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Filters and filtration categories.
Previous field demonstration projects in metro-Atlanta have shown that seep berms, which are elongated sedimentation basins at the outlet of a disturbed land area, can provide high suspended sediment trap efficiencies with respect to coarse sediments on construction sites having drainage areas greater than five acres. Previous literature has shown that vegetative filter strips are efficient traps for fine suspended sediment in stormwater runoff. A combination of a seep berm and vegetative filter in series was studied in this thesis as an erosion control measure with quantification of its flow resistance and sediment removal efficiency. First, a field demonstration project was implemented to evaluate seep berms as a viable erosion control measure through a side-by-side comparison with the more commonly-used silt fences on construction sites with drainage areas less than five acres in metro Atlanta. High suspended sediment trap efficiencies were recorded for the seep berm on two separate sites, and the seep berm was shown to be superior to silt fences with respect to sediment control in the site runoff. Then a vegetative filter was studied in the laboratory in a specially-built flume for that purpose. The relationship between vegetative drag coefficient and various parameters reflecting flow conditions and vegetation density in steady, uniform open channel flow was studied in the flume. Both rigid, emergent vegetation and submerged, flexible vegetation were studied at two different plant densities. The application of porous media flow concepts to open channel flow through vegetation resulted in a collapse of data for vegetative drag coefficient for the various vegetation types and densities into a single relationship when plotted against vegetative stem Reynolds number. Point velocity and turbulence intensity profiles at different locations in the vegetative filter were recorded with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter to observe the turbulence structure of the flow and its effects on vegetative drag and settling of sediment. A sediment slurry consisting of a suspension of fine sand was fed into the flume, and an automated sampler was used to measure suspended sediment concentrations along the vegetative filter length for a series of discharges from which sediment flux and trap efficiency could be determined. Experimental data for trap efficiency were plotted against a dimensionless settling efficiency for each type of vegetation and density. These relationships, along with the one developed for the coefficient of drag, were applied in a numerical design technique that allows designers to determine the flow depth, velocity and trap efficiency of a vegetative filter of known dimensions for a given flow rate, sediment grain size distribution, slope, and vegetation density. In a typical design example, the combined trap efficiency proved that a seep berm followed by a vegetative filter can be a very effective erosion control measure.
Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention And Control Planning
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention And Control Planning written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Storm sewers categories.
Handbook On Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention And Control Planning
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1994-03
Handbook On Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention And Control Planning written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-03 with categories.
90 charts and tables.
Particle Removal In Stormwater Filtration Systems
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Author : Yamunalinie Pathmanathan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Particle Removal In Stormwater Filtration Systems written by Yamunalinie Pathmanathan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Stormwater has become the major pollution source to the receiving water bodies in many urban areas due to increased development and improved control of point source pollution. Polluted urban stormwater contains a number of hazardous constituents, such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These pollutants are to a considerable extent associated with solids and can therefore be removed from the stormwater through sedimentation and particle attachment to aquatic vegetation. Due to this fact, filtration has frequently been used as a method for the treatment of stormwater. Information regarding particle characteristics and associated pollutants in stormwater is therefore of great importance to engineers involved of the design of Best Management Practices (BMPs). There are two objectives of this research. The first one was to investigate the inflow and outflow particle characteristics (such as Particle size distribution (PSD), Volume distribution, Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and Total suspended solids (TSS)) associated with various filtration BMPs throughout Austin, TX that receive stormwater drainage from a highway and parking lots. The BMP used at these sites were the sedimentation filters also known as Austin sand filter and a sand beach bio-filtration pond. The PSD of commercial and multi family residential zone runoff was measured in four storm events in 2009 rainy season. An experimental protocol was developed to measure the PSD carried by street runoff and to achieve repeatable and reliable results. Measurements of particle characteristics at the filter inflow and outflow for several storm events were carried out. The influent and effluent samples were taken at different time intervals for each storm events. A total of 72 grab samples were analyzed from the three monitoring sites. In each storm event the, particle concentration decreased rapidly in the early part of the storm and then declined more slowly throughout the storm. Particle concentration was correlated with total suspended solids. The second objective was to compare the performance of several types of filtration systems --City of Austin sand filter (COA), COA biofilter mix, and a biofilter with mortar sand media that is consistent with the filtration recommendations of the Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration (FAWB). The Facility for Advancing Water Biofiltration (FAWB) was formed in Australia in mid-2005 as an unincorporated joint venture between the Institute for Sustainable Water Resources (ISWR), Monash University and EDAW Australia (previously Ecological Engineering). The COA sand filter is currently used at numerous sites in Austin whereas the other two designs are experimental.
Water And Wastewater Engineering Volume 1
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Author : Lawrence K. Wang
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2024-04-30
Water And Wastewater Engineering Volume 1 written by Lawrence K. Wang and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The classic guide to water and wastewater engineering returns Water and wastewater engineering is a crucial branch of civil engineering, dealing with water resources and with the challenges posed by water and wastewater. Generations of engineers have developed techniques for purifying, desalinating, and transforming water and wastewater, techniques which have only grown more critical as climate change and global population growth create new challenges and opportunities. There has never been a more urgent need for a comprehensive guide to the management of water and its various engineering subdisciplines. Water and Wastewater Engineering: Hydraulics, Hydrology and Management, 4th edition offers key fundamentals in a practical context to engineers and engineering students. Updated to address growing urbanization and industrialization, with corresponding stress on water and wastewater systems, this vital textbook has been fully revised to reflect the latest research and case studies. This volume focuses primarily with hydrology and hydraulics, along with chapters treating groundwater and surface water sources. Readers of Hydraulics, Hydrology, and Management will also find: • Coverage of water supply, water sources, water distribution, and more • Detailed treatment of both sanitary sewer and urban stormwater drainage • In-depth analysis of infrastructure issues with respect to water resources, pumping, and handling This textbook is ideal for advanced students in civil, environmental, and chemical engineering departments, as well as for early career engineers, plant managers, and urban and regional planners.
Municipal Wastewater Management Fact Sheets
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Municipal Wastewater Management Fact Sheets written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Municipal water supply categories.
Use Of Compost Filter Bermsfor Sediment Trapping Primary Focus On Water Quality And Structural Stability
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Author : Aditya Babu Raut Desai
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Use Of Compost Filter Bermsfor Sediment Trapping Primary Focus On Water Quality And Structural Stability written by Aditya Babu Raut Desai and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Runoff from road construction and maintenance sites is responsible for erosion and deposition of sediments in the receiving water bodies. In addition to soil particles from erosion, runoff also transports other pollutants such as rubber, toxic metals, automobile fluids, car exhausts (which settle with the rain), pesticides, fertilizers, and other debris. Compost has been used effectively as a valuable soil amendment to aid plant growth. Berms (mounds) of compost placed at the top or bottom of steep slopes can be used to slow the velocity of water and provide additional protection for receiving waters. However, a downside of the application of composted organic material is the potential degradation of runoff water quality. Overloading with nitrogen and phosphorus causes eutrophication, which reduces the suitability of waterways for beneficial uses. A field testing of the berms coupled with a laboratory analysis of the testing water will provide a basis for the impact of the compost berms on the runoff water quality. The study of the impact of compost on the runoff water quality was investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of berms made from various materials such as dairy manure compost, yard waste compost and composted bio-solids mixed with wood chips in a ratio of 50:50 on the runoff water quality, as well as, the sediment removal efficiencies. Field tests were performed on the berms to simulate conventional rainfall runoff and the tested water was collected as time-weighted samples and analyzed in the laboratory. Several variables were investigated during this study. Results of this investigation demonstrated that the effectiveness of this application was hampered by the structural instability of the berm. A 100% failure rate was observed in the berms tested. Optimum performance was observed in yard waste compost berms, which introduced the least amount of contaminants into the water. However, some masking effect could be present due to berm failures. In fact, the actual sediment removal by the berms could not be determined. The study of compost filter berms showed some evidence of the existence of first flush effect.
Storm Water Management For Construction Activities
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Storm Water Management For Construction Activities written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Building categories.
Water Quality Effects Of Potential Urban Best Management Practices
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Author : Gary L. Oberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Water Quality Effects Of Potential Urban Best Management Practices written by Gary L. Oberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Best management practices (Pollution prevention) categories.
Phosphorus Biogeochemistry Of Sub Tropical Ecosystems
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Author : K. Ramesh Reddy
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1999-04-29
Phosphorus Biogeochemistry Of Sub Tropical Ecosystems written by K. Ramesh Reddy and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-04-29 with Science categories.
Phosphorus is one of the major nutrients limiting the productivity of terrestrial, wetland and aquatic ecosystems. Over the last decade several research projects were conducted on Florida's ecosystems from state and federal agencies and private industry to address water quality issues, and to develop management practices to control nutrient loads. Phosphorus Biogeochemistry in Sub-Tropical Ecosystems is the first thorough study of the role of phosphorus in ecological health and water quality ever published. Because of its vast and extensively studied ecosystems, Florida has often served as a national laboratory on current and future trends in ecosystem management. The reader will find studies at all levels of biological organization, from the cellular to entire ecological communities. The book is a definitive study of the role and behavior of phosphorus deposition in the upland/wetland/aquatic environment. The papers presented in this book are organized in specific groups: ecological analysis and global issues, biogeochemical transformations, biogeochemical responses, transport processes, phosphorus management, and synthesis. Although Florida's ecosystems are used as a case study, the results presented have global applications.