Semiclassical Dynamics And Relaxation
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Semiclassical Dynamics And Relaxation
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Author : D.S.F. Crothers
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-20
Semiclassical Dynamics And Relaxation written by D.S.F. Crothers and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-20 with Science categories.
Condensed-matter physics plays an ever increasing role in photonics, electronic and atomic collisions research. Dispersion (Dynamics and Relaxation) includes scattering/collisions in the gaseous phase. It also includes thermal agitation, tunneling and relaxation in the liquid and solid phases. Classical mechanics, classical statistical mechanics, classical relativity and quantum mechanics are all implicated. 'Semiclassical' essentially means that there is a large or asymptotic real parameter. 'Semiclassical' can also mean 'classical with first-order quantal correction', based on an exponentiated Liouville series commencing with a simple pole in the -plane, being Planck's reduced constant and coming with all the attendant connection problems associated with the singularity at the turning or transition point and with the Stokes phenomenon. Equally,' semiclassical' can mean 'electrons described quantally and the heavy particles classically'. This latter gives rise to the so-called impact parameter method based on a pre-assigned classical trajectory. With evermore sophisticated experiments, it has become equally more important to test theory over a wider range of parameters. For instance, at low impact energies in heavy-particle collisions, the inverse velocity is a large parameter; in single-domain ferromagnetism, thermal agitation (including Brownian motion and continuous-time random walks) is faced with a barrier of height 'sigma', a possibly large parameter. Methods of solution include phase-integral analysis, integral transforms and change-of-dependent variable. We shall consider the Schrödinger time-independent and time-dependent equations, the Dirac equation, the Fokker Planck equation, the Langevin equation and the equations of Einstein's classical general relativity equations. There is an increasing tendency among physicists to decry applied mathematics and theoretical physics in favour of computational blackboxes. One may say applied mathematics concerns hard sums and products (and their inverses) but unless one can simplify and sum infinite series of products of infinite series, can one believe the results of a computer program? The era of the polymath has passed; this book proposal aims to show the relevance to, and impact of theory on, laboratory scientists.
Relaxation And Thermalization Of Nonequilibrium Quantum Systems In The Semiclassical Limit
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Author : Rafael Stockschneider Hipolito
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Relaxation And Thermalization Of Nonequilibrium Quantum Systems In The Semiclassical Limit written by Rafael Stockschneider Hipolito and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Abstract: We discuss the development and application of semiclassical techniques to study dynamics and relaxation in quantum mechanical systems out of equilibrium, relevant to ultracold atomic gases. Due to the unprecedented amount of control in these systems, experimentalists have a lot of freedom in designing Hamiltonians, including the spatial dimension. Another advantage present in these systems is the fact that time scales are slow enough, in contradistinction with usual condensed matter systems, so that it is possible to follow nonequilibrium dynamics and relaxation after quantum quenches. The advent of these experiments has motivated us to further understand these systems. With this goal in mind, we apply a semiclassical phase space technique called Truncated Wigner Approximation (TWA) to study dynamics in the weakly interacting, semiclassical limit. In our study, we will further confine ourselves to one dimensional systems where thermalization is poorly understood due to the fact that generic one dimensional Hamiltonians lie close to integrable models. Due to the peculiarity of systems in low dimensions, such as the prohibition of true long range order, these systems relax in an interesting way, and we generically find the emergence of long-lived metastable states. In particular, we find it is possible to design Hamiltonians that share features with the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam model, and these systems relax to a metastable state where different momentum mode energies live at different temperatures.
Intermolecular And Intramolecular Vibrational Relaxation And Energy Transfer
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Author : Shaul Mukamel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Intermolecular And Intramolecular Vibrational Relaxation And Energy Transfer written by Shaul Mukamel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
This research program resulted in 53 publications. 43 already appeared, 4 are accepted for publication, and 6 were submitted. These publications are listed at the end of the final report. The research focused in the following major areas: (1) molecular semi-classical dynamics in Liouville space; a unified description of vibrational relaxation nonlinear spectroscopy and rate processes; (ii) intramolecular vibrational redistribution; (iii) vibrational and radiative dynamics in molecular clusters; (iv) coherent and spontaneous Raman, fluorescence and four-wave mixing spectroscopy; (v) excitation transport, electron transfer, and localization in disordered molecular systems. The main accomplishments are summarized in the final report. Molecular semiclassical dynamics, Vibrational relaxation, Nonlinear spectroscopy, Energy transfer, Molecular systems. (MJM).
Molecular Excitation Dynamics And Relaxation
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Author : Leonas Valkunas
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-10-04
Molecular Excitation Dynamics And Relaxation written by Leonas Valkunas and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-04 with Science categories.
This work brings together quantum theory and spectroscopy to convey excitation processes to advanced students and specialists wishing to conduct research and understand the entire fi eld rather than just single aspects. Written by experienced authors and recognized authorities in the field, this text covers numerous applications and offers examples taken from different disciplines. As a result, spectroscopists, molecular physicists, physical chemists, and biophysicists will all fi nd this a must-have for their research. Also suitable as supplementary reading in graduate level courses.
Quantum And Semi Classical Percolation And Breakdown In Disordered Solids
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Author : Asok K. Sen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-03-20
Quantum And Semi Classical Percolation And Breakdown In Disordered Solids written by Asok K. Sen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-20 with Science categories.
This lecture notes in physics volume mainly focuses on the semi classical and qu- tum aspects of percolation and breakdown in disordered, composite or granular s- tems. The main reason for this undertaking has been the fact that, of late, there have been a lot of (theoretical) work on quantum percolation, but there is not even a (single) published review on the topic (and, of course, no book). Also, there are many theoretical and experimental studies on the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics both away from, as well as one approaches, an electrical breakdown in composite materials. Some of the results are quite intriguing and may broadly be explained utilising a semi classical (if not, fully quantum mechanical) tunnelling between - cron or nano-sized metallic islands dispersed separated by thin insulating layers, or in other words, between the dangling ends of small percolation clusters. There have also been several (theoretical) studies of Zener breakdown in Mott or Anderson in- lators. Again, there is no review available, connecting them in any coherent fashion. A compendium volume connecting these experimental and theoretical studies should be unique and very timely, and hence this volume. The book is organised as follows. For completeness, we have started with a short and concise introduction on classical percolation. In the ?rst chapter, D. Stauffer reviews the scaling theory of classical percolation emphasizing (biased) diffusion, without any quantum effects. The next chapter by A. K.
Relaxation Dynamics In Disordered Systems
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Author : Michela Romanini
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Relaxation Dynamics In Disordered Systems written by Michela Romanini and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The nature of the glass transition and of the glassy state is a fundamental and still unsolved problem of condensed matter physics. Many liquids can be supercooled below their melting point without crystallizing, that is, without acquiring translational and orientational order. As the temperature of a supercooled liquid is lowered, the characteristic timescale of moleuclar motions, called relaxation time, increases until it becomes comparable to the timescale of human experimentation. This takes place at the glass transition temperature and leads to a non-equilibrium state of matter, called a ¿structural glass¿, in which a liquid-like lack of order is combined with solid-like elastic properties. Glass transitions are also observed in systems where there is only orientational disorder, such as orientationally disordered (OD) crystals or plastic crystals, which are translationally ordered solids in which the constituent molecules display reorientational motions about their centres of mass. Upon supercooling an OD crystal, the orientational disorder can ¿freeze¿, yielding a so-called ¿orientational glass¿. In molecular materials forming structural or orientational glasses, the most important molecular dynamics process is the cooperative motion of the molecules, referred to as primary relaxation, whose freezing marks the transition to the glass state characterized by static disorder. The main difference between orientational and structural glasses is that in the former the freezing involves exclusively the rotational degrees of freedom of the molecules, while in the latter all six molecular degrees of freedom (i.e., both orientational and translational ones) are frozen. Orientational glasses are therefore systems with fewer degrees of freedom than structural glasses. This simplification, together with the fact that many OD phases are characterized by a crystal lattice with high symmetry, makes OD phases a model playground to investigate the nature of the glass transition. Other than the primary relaxation, there can be also so-called ¿secondary relaxations¿, usually characterized by shorter relaxation time than the primary process. Secondary relaxations may have different origins; for example, they can be due to conformational fluctuations or intramolecular vibrations; in many cases a special kind of secondary relaxation is observed, which is the single-molecule precursor process of the primary relaxation. This thesis focuses on the effect of pressure and temperature on the dynamics of several pure compounds and binary mixtures forming structural or orientational glasses. We present a comparative study between two structural glass formers (ternidazole and the mixture of m-fluoroaniline with m-xylene), a plastic binary mixed crystal (neopenthyl alchol and neopentyl glycol), and two materials displaying statistical orientational disorder (2-adamantanone and pentachloronitrobenzene). In all cases a primary relaxation is present, associated with the collective motion of the molecules, and in most cases also secondary relaxations are observed. For each material, we analyse the temperature- and pressure-dependence of the various molecular relaxation and discuss the origin of secondary processes. One of the most important results of the thesis is the presence of secondary relaxations also in systems with low-dimensional disorder that behave similarly to the secondary relaxations observed in structural glasses.
Chaotic Dynamics And Transport In Fluids And Plasmas
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Author : Ilya Prigogine
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1992-10-31
Chaotic Dynamics And Transport In Fluids And Plasmas written by Ilya Prigogine and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-10-31 with Science categories.
Market: Students and researchers in chaos, plasma physics, and fluid transport. This superb collection of invited papers offers an excellent overview of the current status and future trends in chaotic dynamics, plasma and fluid physics, nonlinear phenomena and chaos, and transport and turbulence studies.
Energy Transfer Dynamics In Biomaterial Systems
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Author : Irene Burghardt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-09-22
Energy Transfer Dynamics In Biomaterial Systems written by Irene Burghardt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-22 with Science categories.
The role of quantum coherence in promoting the e ciency of the initial stages of photosynthesis is an open and intriguing question. Lee, Cheng, and Fleming, Science 316, 1462 (2007) The understanding and design of functional biomaterials is one of today’s grand challenge areas that has sparked an intense exchange between biology, materials sciences, electronics, and various other disciplines. Many new - velopments are underway in organic photovoltaics, molecular electronics, and biomimetic research involving, e. g. , arti cal light-harvesting systems inspired by photosynthesis, along with a host of other concepts and device applications. In fact, materials scientists may well be advised to take advantage of Nature’s 3. 8 billion year head-start in designing new materials for light-harvesting and electro-optical applications. Since many of these developments reach into the molecular domain, the - derstanding of nano-structured functional materials equally necessitates f- damental aspects of molecular physics, chemistry, and biology. The elementary energy and charge transfer processes bear much similarity to the molecular phenomena that have been revealed in unprecedented detail by ultrafast op- cal spectroscopies. Indeed, these spectroscopies, which were initially developed and applied for the study of small molecular species, have already evolved into an invaluable tool to monitor ultrafast dynamics in complex biological and materials systems. The molecular-level phenomena in question are often of intrinsically quantum mechanical character, and involve tunneling, non-Born- Oppenheimer e ects, and quantum-mechanical phase coherence.
Dynamics Of Relaxing Gases
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Author : John Frederick Clarke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Dynamics Of Relaxing Gases written by John Frederick Clarke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Gas dynamics categories.
Dynamics From The Semiclassical Perspective
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Author : Charulatha Venkararaman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Dynamics From The Semiclassical Perspective written by Charulatha Venkararaman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.