Sensitivity To Sulfide Stress Cracking At Welds In Line Pipe Steels
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Sensitivity To Sulfide Stress Cracking At Welds In Line Pipe Steels
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Author : HJ. Cialone
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Sensitivity To Sulfide Stress Cracking At Welds In Line Pipe Steels written by HJ. Cialone and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Columbium carbonitrides categories.
A metallurgical investigation was undertaken to identify the factors that are responsible for sensitivity to sulfide-stress cracking (SSC) in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of microalloyed high-strength line-pipe steels, when the HAZ does not contain regions of high hardness. Sustained-load tests were conducted in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) laboratory sour-gas environment to determine the regions in which SSC initiated, and thereby to identify which regions were most sensitive to SSC. In every steel studied, SSC initiated in a specific region of the HAZ, usually in the region that was heated into the intercritical temperature range during welding. One steel exhibited SSC sensitivity in the region adjacent to the weld metal, which was heated above the upper critical temperature during welding, and another steel exhibited SSC sensitivity in the base metal following a laboratory normalizing heat treatment. In all of the steels that were studied, the region that exhibited sensitivity to SSC contained columbium carbonitride precipitates that were coarser than those that were present in the pipe body, which was immune to SSC as fabricated. The only steel that did not fail in the SSC experiments was not alloyed with columbium. These observations suggest that sensitivityo to SSC is related to the growth of columbium carbonitride precipitates from a size below 50 Å to a size ranging from 100 to 200 Å during welding or during some heat treatments. Thus, it should be possible to reduce sensitivity to SSC by modifying the chemical composition or the cooling rate from welding or both to suppress precipitate growth.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking
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Author : W. Barry Lisagor
language : en
Publisher: ASTM International
Release Date : 1990
Environmentally Assisted Cracking written by W. Barry Lisagor and has been published by ASTM International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Alloys categories.
Papers included topics of phenomena, basic mechanisms, modeling, test methodologies, materials performance, engineering applications and service experience and failures and reflects the current emphasis with regard to material/environment systems.
Energy Research Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Energy Research Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Power resources categories.
The Relationship Of Weld Metal Hardness Residual Stress And Susceptibility To Stress Corrosion Cracking In A Hydrogen Sulphide Environment In A 516 Gr 70 Carbon Steel Shielded Metal Arc Welded Joints
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Author : Deon Johan De Beer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Relationship Of Weld Metal Hardness Residual Stress And Susceptibility To Stress Corrosion Cracking In A Hydrogen Sulphide Environment In A 516 Gr 70 Carbon Steel Shielded Metal Arc Welded Joints written by Deon Johan De Beer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
In the petrochemical industry, carbon steels exposed to H2S environments may be susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking. A tensile residual stress and high hardness increases the risk of cracking in H2S environments. NACE SP 0472 limits weld metal hardness to 210 HV10 (200 HB) and heat-affected zone hardness to 250 HV10 to prevent stress-corrosion cracking of carbon steel welds in H2S. The hardness is controlled by the weld thermal cycle or by a post-weld heat treatment. In this project, the effect of hardness on the susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking was investigated by increasing electrode strength systematically and measuring residual stress in the weld metal in the as-welded state. Samples were manufactured from SA 516 Gr 70, a carbon steel used extensively in the petrochemical industry. Heavily clamped plates were welded to minimise distortion and to maximise residual stress. The weld metal hardness was increased by using E6013, E7018-1, E8018-B2 and E9018-B3 electrodes without a post-weld heat treatment. Mechanical tests included all-weld and transverse tensile tests, impact strength and hardness testing. As the nominal strength of the weld metal increased, the all-weld tensile strength increased from 512 to 829 MPa, while the yield strength increased from 443 to 659 MPa. The average weld metal hardness increased from 177 to 317 HV10. The transverse tensile strength was between 511-517 MPa, while the yield strength (in the transverse direction) was between 360 and 382 MPa. Residual stresses of the welded joint were measured by neutron diffraction in the through-thickness, longitudinal and transverse direction. The Von Mises theorem evaluated the principle residual stress. Results indicate that the residual stress in the weld metal may be up to 99% of the yield strength. For stress-corrosion cracking, the samples were submerged in the standard TM0177-2005 test solution for 30 days. The only sample to crack was the E9018, with an average weld metal hardness of 317 HV10. The study results were consistent with the NACE SP0472 specification and earlier publications.
Sour Gas Design Considerations
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Author : Bruce D. Craig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Sour Gas Design Considerations written by Bruce D. Craig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Science categories.
Dependence Of Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Parent Heat Affected Zone And Weld Metal Of Hsla Line Pipe Steel On Potential
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Author : JT. Bowker
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Dependence Of Stress Corrosion Cracking Of Parent Heat Affected Zone And Weld Metal Of Hsla Line Pipe Steel On Potential written by JT. Bowker and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Carbonates categories.
Potentiostatically controlled slow-strain-rate tension tests (~ 10-6s-1) were conducted on the parent steel, simulated heat-affected zone, and weld metal specimens obtained from a sample of Canadian grades 483 and 414 high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) line pipe. All stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests were conducted in 0.5 mmol/cm3 Na2CO3 + 1.0 mmol/cm3 NaHCO3 solutions at 75°C in a stressed-electrode cell. Percentage reduction in area and apparent secondary cracking velocity were used as measures of SCC susceptibility. The potentials at which cracking occurred were correlated with fast and slow scan anodic potentiodynamic polarization curves in the same environment.
Corrosion Of Weldments
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Author : Joseph R. Davis
language : en
Publisher: ASM International
Release Date : 2006-01-01
Corrosion Of Weldments written by Joseph R. Davis and has been published by ASM International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Corrosion failures of industrial components are commonly associated with welding. The reasons are many and varied. For example, welding may reduce the resistance to corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking by altering composition and microstructure, modifying mechanical properties, introducing residual stress, and creating physical defects. This book details the many forms of weld corrosion and the methods used to minimize weld corrosion. Chapters on specific alloys groups--carbon and alloy steels, stainless steels, high-nickel alloys, and nonferrous alloys--describe both general welding characteristics and the metallurgical factors that influence corrosion behavior. Corrosion problems associated with dissimilar metal weldments are also examined. Case histories document corrosion problems unique to specific industries including oil and gas, chemical processing, pulp and paper, and electric power. Special challenges caused by high-temperature environments are discussed. Commonly used methods to monitor weld corrosion and test methods for evaluation of intergranular, pitting, crevice, stress-corrosion cracking, and other forms of corrosion are also reviewed.
Stress Corrosion Cracking In Welded Linepipe Steel
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Author : Bruce G. Ackland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1983
Stress Corrosion Cracking In Welded Linepipe Steel written by Bruce G. Ackland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1983 with Pipe, Steel categories.
Proceedings Of The Low Sulfur Steel Symposium
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Author : Carl V. Shawber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Proceedings Of The Low Sulfur Steel Symposium written by Carl V. Shawber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Desulfurization categories.
Cracking In High Strength Steel Weldments
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Author : P. A. Kammer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1964
Cracking In High Strength Steel Weldments written by P. A. Kammer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1964 with Steel categories.
Weldment cracking is a broad complex field. Even if one considers only cracking of steel weldments, the problems range from cracking at temperatures near the solidus during welding to cracking at room temperature days, weeks, or months after welding is completed. Numerous reports of investigations in this field are contained in the published and unpublished literature. However, most of these reports cover only a particular problem in a specific area of the broad field of weldment cracking. This review attempts to cover the major aspects of the entire field of weldment cracking. Necessarily, the review is for the most part general, only being specific in a few instances to illustrate a point. (Author).