Sensitized Energy Transfer For Organic Solar Cells Optical Solar Concentrators And Solar Pumped Lasers
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Sensitized Energy Transfer For Organic Solar Cells Optical Solar Concentrators And Solar Pumped Lasers
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Author : Philip David Reusswig
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Sensitized Energy Transfer For Organic Solar Cells Optical Solar Concentrators And Solar Pumped Lasers written by Philip David Reusswig and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The separation of chromophore absorption and excitonic processes, such as singlet exciton fission and photoluminescence, offers several advantages to the design of organic solar cells and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) for the end goal of achieving a lower cost solar energy generation. This thesis explores three new device architectures to overcome limited solar absorption in singlet-exciton-fission based solar cells and neodymium based LSCs. The process of singlet exciton fission is de-coupled from photon absorption, exciton diffusion, and charge transport in singlet-exciton-fission based solar cells by inserting a singlet fission material at the donor-acceptor interface of an organic solar cell. Singlet excitons generated in the singlet exciton donor are transferred to the singlet fission material through near field energy transfer. In this device structure, the singlet donor can be chosen for high photon absorption, exciton diffusion, and charge transport, and the singlet fission sensitizer can be selected for high singlet fission efficiency. We demonstrated a doubling of the external quantum efficiency from 12.8% to 27.6% in a singlet donor (TPTPA) through the introduction of thin film singlet fission sensitizer (rubrene) for high efficiency organic solar cells. To reduce the cost of electricity generated by sunlight via LSC systems, replacing the expensive high efficiency visible photovoltaic (PV) elements with cheap, high efficiency, earth abundant near-infrared PV elements made with silicon. This requires replacing within the LSC the visible emitting chromophores with near infrared emitters. Here, we present the use of a lanthanide ion, neodymium--colloidal nanocrystal energy cascade system as a promising LSC emitter scheme for the silicon spectral region. Peak optical quantum efficiencies of 43% in a Nd3+:glass based LSC are demonstrated with simulated high geometric gain performance. With cascade energy transfer, the optical quantum efficiency in the visible of a Nd3+:glass is significantly improved with peak efficiency of 28%. The enhanced solar absorption of Nd3+:glass through cascade energy transfer can be extended into the infrared with more optimal sensitizers. The idea of directly converting broad-band solar radiation into coherent and narrow-band laser radiation could enable many attractive technologies for solar energy. Here, we present an architecture for solar pumped lasers that uses a luminescent solar concentrator to decouple the conventional trade-off between solar absorption efficiency and the mode volume of the optical gain material. We report a 750-[mu]m-thick Nd3+-doped YAG planar waveguide sensitized by a luminescent CdSe/CdZnS (core/shell) colloidal nanocrystal, yielding a peak cascade energy transfer of 14%, a broad spectral response in the visible portion of the solar spectrum, and an equivalent quasi-CW solar lasing threshold of 20 W-cm2 , or approximately 200 suns. The efficient coupling of incoherent, spectrally broad sunlight in small gain volumes should allow the generation of coherent laser light from intensities of less than 100 suns.
Emerging Strategies To Reduce Transmission And Thermalization Losses In Solar Cells
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Author : Jonas Sandby Lissau
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-13
Emerging Strategies To Reduce Transmission And Thermalization Losses In Solar Cells written by Jonas Sandby Lissau and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-13 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The book describes emerging strategies to circumvent transmission and thermalization losses in solar cells, and thereby redefine the limits of solar power conversion efficiency. These strategies include the use of organic molecules and rare-earth metal materials. Approaches to augment the efficiency of these processes via near-field enhancement are described as well. This book includes a discussion of state-of-the-art implementations of these emerging strategies in solar cells, both internally, as in molecular intermediate band and charge carrier multiplication, and externally, such as photon up- and down-conversion. Tools for characterization are also provided. Written by leading researchers in the field, this book can be useful to both beginners and experienced researchers in solar energy.
Organic Solar Cells
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Author : Pankaj Kumar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-10-03
Organic Solar Cells written by Pankaj Kumar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-03 with Science categories.
This book contains detailed information on the types, structure, fabrication, and characterization of organic solar cells (OSCs). It discusses processes to improve efficiencies and the prevention of degradation in OSCs. It compares the cost-effectiveness of OSCs to those based on crystalline silicon and discusses ways to make OSCs more economical. This book provides a practical guide for the fabrication, processing, and characterization of OSCs and paves the way for further development in OSC technology.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance Of Ultrathin Si Solar Cells Via Semiconductor Nanocrystal Sensitization
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance Of Ultrathin Si Solar Cells Via Semiconductor Nanocrystal Sensitization written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Excitonic energy transfer (ET) offers exciting opportunities for advances in optoelectronic devices such as solar cells. While recent experimental attempts have demonstrated its potential in both organic and inorganic photovoltaics (PVs), what remains to be addressed is quantitative understanding of how different ET modes contribute to PV performance and how ET contribution is differentiated from the classical optical coupling (OC) effects. In this study, we implement an ET scheme using a PV device platform, comprising CdSe/ZnS nanocrystal energy donor and 500 nm-thick ultrathin Si acceptor layers, and present the quantitative mechanistic description of how different ET modes, distinguished from the OC effects, increase the light absorption and PV efficiency. We find that nanocrystal sensitization enhances the short circuit current of ultrathin Si solar cells by up to 35%, of which the efficient ET, primarily driven by a long-range radiative mode, contributes to 38% of the total current enhancement. Lastly, these results not only confirm the positive impact of ET but also provide a guideline for rationally combining the ET and OC effects for improved light harvesting in PV and other optoelectronic devices.
Increased Light Harvesting In Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using F Rster Resonant Energy Transfer
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Author : Brian E. Hardin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Increased Light Harvesting In Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using F Rster Resonant Energy Transfer written by Brian E. Hardin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are an emerging photovoltaic technology with the potential for large scale manufacturing and low cost processing. However, the power conversion efficiency of DSCs must increase from 11% to 14% to be commercially competitive with conventional solar cell technologies. DSCs do not completely absorb all of the photons from the visible and near infrared portion of the solar spectrum and consequently have lower short circuit photocurrent densities compared to inorganic photovoltaic devices. A variety of sensitizing dyes have been explored, but it is extremely challenging to develop a single sensitizing dye that can absorb strongly in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. The focus of this doctoral thesis is on developing fundamentally new DSC architectures which incorporate energy transfer processes in order to improve light harvesting. Chapter One will introduce the conventional dye-sensitized solar cell architecture and general operating principles for photocurrent generation. Chapter Two will focus on the general theory behind Forster Resonant Energy Transfer (FRET) and modeling of the average excitation transfer efficiency (ETE), which is the fraction of excited dyes that undergo energy transfer to the sensitizing dye, inside of the DSC. Chapter Three describes a new design where energy relay dyes unattached to the titania absorb high energy photons and transfer their energy to the sensitizing dye via Förster resonant energy transfer. This architecture allows for stronger and broader spectral absorption for the same film thickness. In liquid DSCs, we demonstrate a 26% increase in power conversion efficiency when using an energy relay dye with an organic, near-infrared sensitizing dye and show that the average excitation transfer can be greater than 95%. Chapter Four demonstrates that energy relay dyes can be mixed inside of a solid, organic hole conductor (e.g. spiro-OMeTAD) for solid-state DSCs. Chapter Five describes the concept of using energy relay dyes, cosensitized on the TiO2 surface, that directly absorb near-infrared light and undergo energy transfer to a neighboring a Ruthenium based metal ligand complex (i.e. C106). Near-infrared energy relay dyes have the potential to increase light harvesting in the 700-800 nm portion of the spectrum and can be implemented in state-of-the-art DSC systems. The final chapter will briefly describe the opportunities for future study and potential commercialization of DSCs.
Energy A Continuing Bibliography With Indexes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Energy A Continuing Bibliography With Indexes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Fuel categories.
Luminescence And Its Applications
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Luminescence And Its Applications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Luminescence categories.
Contributed articles presented at the National Seminar on Luminescence and Its Applications.
The Physics Of Solar Cells
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Author : Jenny Nelson
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific Publishing Company
Release Date : 2003-05-09
The Physics Of Solar Cells written by Jenny Nelson and has been published by World Scientific Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-05-09 with Science categories.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of the photovoltaic cell. It is suitable for undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers new to the field. It covers: basic physics of semiconductors in photovoltaic devices; physical models of solar cell operation; characteristics and design of common types of solar cell; and approaches to increasing solar cell efficiency. The text explains the terms and concepts of solar cell device physics and shows the reader how to formulate and solve relevant physical problems. Exercises and worked solutions are included.
Energy Resources And Systems
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Author : Tushar K. Ghosh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-27
Energy Resources And Systems written by Tushar K. Ghosh and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-27 with Business & Economics categories.
This second volume of Energy Resources and Systems is focused on renewable energy resources. Renewable energy mainly comes from wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal, ocean, bioenergy, ethanol and hydrogen. Each of these energy resources is important and growing. For example, high-head hydroelectric energy is a well established energy resource and already contributes about 20% of the world’s electricity. Some countries have significant high-head resources and produce the bulk of their electrical power by this method. However, the bulk of the world’s high-head hydroelectric resources have not been exploited, particularly by the underdeveloped countries. Low-head hydroelectric is unexploited and has the potential to be a growth area. Wind energy is the fastest growing of the renewable energy resources for the electricity generation. Solar energy is a popular renewable energy resource. Geothermal energy is viable near volcanic areas. Bioenergy and ethanol have grown in recent years primarily due to changes in public policy meant to encourage its usage. Energy policies stimulated the growth of ethanol, for example, with the unintended side effect of rise in food prices. Hydrogen has been pushed as a transportation fuel. The authors want to provide a comprehensive series of texts on the interlinking of the nature of energy resources, the systems that utilize them, the environmental effects, the socioeconomic impact, the political aspects and governing policies. Volume 1 on Fundamentals and Non Renewable Resources was published in 2009. It blends fundamental concepts with an understanding of the non-renewable resources that dominate today’s society. The authors are now working on Volume 3, on nuclear advanced energy resources and nuclear batteries, consists of fusion, space power systems, nuclear energy conversion, nuclear batteries and advanced power, fuel cells and energy storage. Volume 4 will cover environmental effects, remediation and policy. Solutions to providing long term, stable and economical energy is a complex problem, which links social, economical, technical and environmental issues. It is the goal of the four volume Energy Resources and Systems series to tell the whole story and provide the background required by students of energy to understand the complex nature of the problem and the importance of linking social, economical, technical and environmental issues.
Physics Of Solar Energy
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Author : C. Julian Chen
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-08-15
Physics Of Solar Energy written by C. Julian Chen and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-08-15 with Science categories.
PHYSICS OF Solar Energy Science/Physics/Energy The definitive guide to the science of solar energy You hold in your hands the first, and only, truly comprehensive guide to the most abundant and most promising source of alternative energy—solar power. In recent years, all major countries in the world have been calling for an energy revolution. The renewable energy industry will drive a vigorous expansion of the global economy and create more “green” jobs. The use of fossil fuels to power our way of living is moving toward an inevitable end, with sources of coal, petroleum, and natural gas being fiercely depleted. Solar energy offers a ubiquitous, inexhaustible, clean, and highly efficient way of meeting the energy needs of the twenty-first century. This book is designed to give the reader a solid footing in the general and basic physics of solar energy, which will be the basis of research and development in new solar engineering technologies in the years to come. As solar technologies like solar cells, solar thermal power generators, solar water heaters, solar photochemistry applications, and solar space heating-cooling systems become more and more prominent, it has become essential that the next generation of energy experts—both in academia and industry—have a one-stop resource for learning the basics behind the science, applications, and technologies afforded by solar energy. This book fills that need by laying the groundwork for the projected rapid expansion of future solar projects.