Shot Range Determination
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Shot Range Determination
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Author : Karl Sellier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Shot Range Determination written by Karl Sellier and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The range at which a weapon has been fired is an important measurement for the reconstruction of firearms offenses (murder, suicide, accident). All changes caused by a shot and which vary according to the distance from the weapon are suitable in principle for determining this distance. However, some procedures are very elegant in theory but hardly applicable in practice. The constructions of ammunition and the sequence of events during a shot are dealt with first as this knowledge forms a basis for understanding the various methods. \ The individual zones (classes) of firing distances (contact shot, intermediate shot, distance shot) are described. In this connection, the morphological methods for determining the firing distance are discussed. From the shape and size of the powder residue distribution (soot stains, powder tattooing) and with the knowledge of the weapon and ammunition, the distance from the target can be elucidated. In this chapter, the methods of making an invisible distribution visible are also dealt with. In order to determine the range of the shot from the appearance of the wound no complicated apparatus is necessary. One can judge with the naked eye. These procedures have a great advantage over the methods discussed in the following chapter in that they give stronger proof. They are more vivid and convincing for the uninitiated (judge or jury) than abstract measurements obtained by scientific devices.
Shot Range Determination
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Author : Karl Sellier
language : en
Publisher: Springer Verlag
Release Date : 1991
Shot Range Determination written by Karl Sellier and has been published by Springer Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Ballistics categories.
Improved Method For Shooting Distance Determination Part 2 Bullet Holes In Objects That Cannot Be Processed In The Laboratory
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Author : B. Glattstein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Improved Method For Shooting Distance Determination Part 2 Bullet Holes In Objects That Cannot Be Processed In The Laboratory written by B. Glattstein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Adhesive lifter categories.
An improved method for firing distance determination on exhibits that cannot be processed in the laboratory such as cars, doors, windows, or furniture is described. The novel part of the method includes transfer of total nitrite (nitrite ions and smokeless powder residues) from the target to an adhesive lifter. After the transfer, vaporous lead and copper deposits around the bullet entrance hole are visualized on the target by sodium rhodizonate and rubeanic acid, respectively. The Modified Griess Test is carried out after alkaline hydrolysis of the smokeless powder residues on the adhesive lifter.
Determination Of Shooting Distance From Deformation Of The Recovered Bullet
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Author : ML. Fackler
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Determination Of Shooting Distance From Deformation Of The Recovered Bullet written by ML. Fackler and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Ballistics categories.
A method is reported for estimating shooting distance by comparing the amount of bullet deformation of a recovered bullet with that produced in a series of test bullets fired into 10% ordnance gelatin at 4°C. Bullet deformation and fragmentation pattern in this gelatin was previously found to be comparable to that seen in living animal muscle. Striking velocities of the test bullets were lowered stepwise until a test bullet was produced with less deformity than the evidence bullet. Two shots were then made through the abdomen of a fresh swine cadaver at velocities approximating those of the last two test shots in gelatin. This served as verification of the gelatin's calibration against animal tissue and gave an additional set of bullets whose degrees of deformation bracketed that of the evidence bullet. Separate interpolations were done for bullet length, average bullet tip diameter, and bullet weight using both sets of bracketing test bullets. The resulting velocities were then converted to distances using the manufacturer's velocity tables. The average of the interpolations was 256 yds (234 m); all six fell within a range of 33 yds (30 m) (from 238 to 271 yds [218 to 248 m]).
Determination Of Shooting Distance From Deformation Of The Recovered Bullet
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Determination Of Shooting Distance From Deformation Of The Recovered Bullet written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with categories.
A method is reported for estimating shooting distance by comparing the amount of bullet deformation of a recovered bullet with that produced in a series of test bullets fired into 10% ordnance gelatin at 4 C. Bullet deformation and fragmentation pattern in this gelatin was previously found to be comparable to that seen in living animal muscle. Striking velocities of the test bullets were lowered stepwise until a test bullet was produced with less deformity than the evidence bullet. Two shots were then made through the abdomen of a fresh swine cadaver at velocities approximating those of the last two test shots in gelatin. This served as verification of the gelatin's calibration against animal tissue and gave an additional set of bullets whose degrees of deformation bracketed that of the evidence bullet. Separate interpolations were done for bullet length, average bullet tip diameter, and bullet weight using both sets of bracketing test bullets. The resulting velocities were then converted to distances using the manufacturer's velocity tables.
Firing Distance Determination By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
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Author : SS. Krishnan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1974
Firing Distance Determination By Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry written by SS. Krishnan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Atomic Absorption categories.
A determination of muzzle-to-target distance is often required in criminal cases involving shooting. The conventional method using Walker's test [1] or visual examination of test firings may not be sufficiently accurate under certain circumstances. In other circumstances the maximum distance to which such tests are effective may not be adequate. In such cases the neutron activation analysis (NAA) method [2], which is effective to greater distances, can be used. However, the drawbacks of this method could be the expense and the possible long analysis time. The NAA method of firing distance determination is based on the concentration pattern of antimony around bullet holes. This method is not effective in analyzing for lead, which is present around bullet holes.
Shooting Incident Reconstruction
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Author : Michael G. Haag
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2011-06-29
Shooting Incident Reconstruction written by Michael G. Haag and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-29 with Social Science categories.
Shooting Incident Reconstruction, Second Edition, offers a thorough explanation of matters from simple to complex to help the reader understand the factors surrounding ballistics, trajectory, and shooting scenes. Forensic scientists, law enforcement, and crime scene investigators are often tasked with reconstruction of events based on crime scene evidence, along with the subsequent analysis of that evidence. The use and misuse of firearms to perpetrate crimes from theft to murder necessitates numerous invitations to reconstruct shooting incidents. The discharge of firearms and the behavior of projectiles create many forms of physical evidence that, through proper testing and interpretation by a skilled forensic scientist, can establish what did and what did not occur. Written by the world's most well-respected shooting scene and ballistics experts, the book addresses the terminology, science, and factors involved in reconstructing shooting incident events to solve forensic cases. It covers the full range of related topics including: the range from which a firearm was discharged; the sequence of shots in a multiple discharge shooting incident; the position of a firearm at the moment of discharge; and the position of a victim at the moment of impact. The probable flight path of a projectile and the manner in which a firearm was discharged are also discussed. Case studies illustrate real-world application of technical concepts, supported by over 200 full-color diagrams and photographs. This book will be of value to practicing forensic scientists (firearm and toolmark examiners), ballistics experts, crime scene personnel, police departments, forensic consultants (generalists), attorneys and judges, medical examiners (coroners), and forensic pathologists. Written by the most well-respected shooting scene and ballistics experts in the world Contains over 200 full-color diagrams and photographs that support and illustrate key concepts Case studies illustrate real-world application of technical concepts
New Approaches In Forensic Science
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Author : Jagdish Kumar Agrawal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006-01-01
New Approaches In Forensic Science written by Jagdish Kumar Agrawal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-01 with Firearms categories.
This Book Is A Comprehensive Volume On Gunshot Residues. It Covers The Phenomenon Of Gun Shot Residue Formation, Their Placing, Collection, Detection, And Identification. Gun Shot Residues Lead To The Identification Of Shooter, Range Determination And Identification Of Gun Shot Holes Hence Play An Important Role In Firearm Cases. Various Methods Reported For The Detection Of Gun Shot Residues So Far Have Been Discussed In Detail And Their Merits And Demerits Are Listed. Authors Have Successfully Applied The Differential Pulse Anoding Stripping Voltamettric Analysis , For The Detection Of Gun Shot Residues On The Hands Of The Shooter. This Method Is Quick, Quantitative, Non-Destructive, Effective And Cheap As Compared To The Methods Suggested So Far. This Work Is Based On The Actual Experiments Conducted At The State Forensic Science Laboratory, Govt. Of Madhya Pradesh, Sagar And Dr. Hari Singh Gour University (Formerly Sagar University) Sagar. It Will Be Of Great Interest To All Those Who Are Working In The Field Of Gunshot Residue Analysis, Students Of Forensic Science, Investigating Officers, Advocates And Judicial Officers. This May Also Interest The General Public To Help Them In Preserving The Firearm Evidence In The Form Of Gunshot Residues To Avoid Complication In The Investigation Of The Firearm Cases Particularly Where Mode Of Firing (Suicide, Accident, Homicide) Is Disputed.
Shooting Trajectory Reconstruction Workbook
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Author : N. Leroy Parker
language : en
Publisher: AuthorHouse
Release Date : 2013-01-08
Shooting Trajectory Reconstruction Workbook written by N. Leroy Parker and has been published by AuthorHouse this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-08 with Fiction categories.
This workbook is designed to assist the Crime Scene Analyst, Technician or Investigator in documenting any bullet holes and or indentations that may be present at the crime scene. This documentation could be accomplished with overall, midrange and close-up photographs, rough sketches with the required measurement and notes. The workbook is also designed to assist the Crime Scene Analyst, Technician or Investigator in understanding the different ways of determining: a. The upward (inclined) or downward (sloped) bullet impact angles to the horizontal plane and the horizontal bullet impact angles, to the left or right when facing the surface with the bullet hole, that would be needed to reconstruct the shooting incident. b. The approximate location(s) of the muzzle of the gun at the time of the shooting. The determined or calculated bullet impact angle(s) to the horizontal plane could be used by the Crime Scene Analyst, Technician or Investigator to determine the horizontal distance(s) below the path of the bullet and the distance(s) the bullet(s) traveled from the muzzle of the gun to the hole(s) in the victim or object. These distances could then be used to determine / calculate the location of the shooter for any known or assumed muzzle height(s) based on the orientation of the shooter. Also, having the horizontal bullet impact angle the Crime Scene Analyst, Technician or Investigator could determine the perpendicular horizontal distance(s) from the muzzle of the gun to the surface with the bullet hole(s) and or indentation(s). A trajectory or shooting reconstruction could be accomplished by the utilization of one or more of the following methods. The emphasis of this workbook would be on the reconstruction of crime scene shooting incidents utilizing these methods: Strings and dowels rods Scaled drawings Calculations using the trigonometric ratios Computers programs The workbook would also provide the Crime Scene Analyst, Technician or Investigator with an opportunity to reconstruct and review fifteen real cases. More emphasis was placed on solution of these cases (which are located in the back of the book) by calculations using the trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem since this method could be utilized to verify the accuracy of the other methods. Potentially, very valuable investigative information could be developed through a trajectory or shooting reconstruction of the crime scene that would assist the Analyst, Technician or Investigator when interviewing a subject to determine if he or she is truthful in the sequence of events or the manner in which the incident took place. Specific information may be logically inferred if the Crime Scene Analyst, Technician or Investigator is knowledgeable about trajectory or shooting reconstruction.
Modified Sheet Printing Method Mspm For The Detection Of Lead In Determination Of Shooting Distance
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Author : S. Ståhling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Modified Sheet Printing Method Mspm For The Detection Of Lead In Determination Of Shooting Distance written by S. Ståhling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Desensitized photopaper categories.
In this study the sheet printing method (SPM) for determination of shooting distance has been modified. Instead of cellulose hydrate foil, a plastic-based photographic paper was used as a substrate for transfer of metallic gunshot elements from cloth. The modified sheet printing method (MSPM) has been successfully tested in more than 100 shooting experiments. This technique saves time and has several additional advantages in comparison with the SPM method.