Showdown In Western Sahara Air Warfare Over The Last African Colony
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Showdown In Western Sahara Air Warfare Over The Last African Colony
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Author : Tom Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Africa@War
Release Date : 2018
Showdown In Western Sahara Air Warfare Over The Last African Colony written by Tom Cooper and has been published by Africa@War this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with History categories.
Illustrated by over 100 photographs, dozens of maps and colour profiles, Showdown in Western Sahara offers a fascinating study of the military aspects of this conflict, its strategy, tactics and experiences with different weapons systems.
Showdown In The Western Sahara Volume 2
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Author : Tom Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Africa@War
Release Date : 2019-11
Showdown In The Western Sahara Volume 2 written by Tom Cooper and has been published by Africa@War this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11 with Air warfare categories.
The former colony of Spanish Sahara saw frequent outbursts of tribal and ethnic rebellions while ruled by the colonial authorities in the late 19th and through the early 20th Century. Its vastness and distances essentially dictated the application of air power in response. While most of these events attracted next to no attention in English-language media, the large-scale operations of the Spanish colonial authorities of the late 1950s became notable at least for the final combat deployment of the famous Messerschmitt Bf.109. Following the Spanish withdrawal from Spanish Sahara in 1975, a major war erupted as Sahrawi nationalists - organized by the POLISARIO front - engaged in guerrilla warfare against Moroccan armed forces deployed to secure the northern part of the country, and Mauritanian forces deployed in the south. Characteristically for this period, POLISARIO's insurgency was often misinterpreted in the West as 'Soviet-influenced', although the rebels never adapted any related frameworks for their operations and tactics, such as those of Mao Zedong. On the contrary, while Algeria at least tolerated their bases on its soil, it was Libya that provided most of the support for the insurgency, eventually enabling it to defeat the Mauritanian military, slightly over a year later. Combined with POLISARIO's raids deep into Mauritania this prompted France to launch a limited military intervention in support. While tactically successful, this proved insufficient: Mauritania withdrew in 1979 after signing a peace treaty. Morocco continued fighting a series of bitter campaigns through 1979 and 1980, until rising costs and casualties prompted its government into developing an entirely new strategy. Construction of extensive earthen fortifications eventually slowed the war down to one of low intensity, only sporadically interrupted by insurgent attempts to achieve at least local successes. With both sides realizing that no solution through an armed conflict was possible, a cease-fire agreement was signed in 1991. However, this conflict still remains unresolved: it merely shifted to civilian resistance. Warfare in Western Sahara has in many ways become exemplary for modern-day counter-insurgency efforts in Africa and elsewhere. This conflict has been falsely declared as a part of some larger, external conflict - the Cold War; in regards of the concept of an insurgency applying motorized forces to deliver often spectacular 'hit-and-run' attacks; and in regards of a conventional military reacting with a combination of earth berms and air power. Illustrated by over 100 photograph as, a dozen maps and 18 colour profiles, Showdown in Western Sahara offers a fascinating study of the military aspects of this conflict, warfare strategies, tactics and experiences with different weapons systems.
Ethiopian Eritrean Wars Volume 2
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Author : Tom Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2018-07-31
Ethiopian Eritrean Wars Volume 2 written by Tom Cooper and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-31 with History categories.
Ethiopia, a country of ancient origins in eastern Africa, remains a military powerhouse of that continent until our days. Nowadays involved in the war in neighboring Somalia, Ethiopia was also involved in half a dozen of other armed conflicts over the last 60 years. Crucial between these was the Eritrean War of Independence. Fought 1961-1991, this was one of biggest armed conflicts on the African continent, especially if measured by numbers of involved combatants. It included a wide spectrum of operations, from ‘classic’ counterinsurgency (COIN) to conventional warfare in mountains – with the latter being one of the most complex and most demanding undertakings possible to conduct by a military force. Campaigns run during the Eritrean War of Independence often included large formations of relatively well-equipped forces, led by well-trained commanders, along well-thought-out plans, based on homegrown doctrine. The air power played a crucial – although not necessarily decisive – role in many of battles. Nevertheless, most of details about this conflict remain unknown in the wider public. Similarly, relatively few Western observers are aware of relations between the Eritrean liberation movements, and various dissident and insurgent movements inside Ethiopia – although the synergy of these eventually led the downfall of the so-called Derg government, in 1991. While the first volume in this mini-series spanned the history of wars between Ethiopia and Eritrea between 1961 and 1988, the second covers the period since. Correspondingly, it is providing coverage of military operations that led to the fall of the Derg government in Ethiopia of 1991, the period of Eritrean military buildup and a complete reorganization of the Ethiopian military in the 1990s, and concludes with the first detailed account of the so-called Badme War, fought between Ethiopia and Eritrea in period 1998-2001. It is illustrated by many contemporary photographs, maps and color profiles.
War And Insurgency In The Western Sahara
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Author : Geoffrey Jensen
language : en
Publisher: Military Bookshop
Release Date : 2013-05
War And Insurgency In The Western Sahara written by Geoffrey Jensen and has been published by Military Bookshop this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05 with Political Science categories.
At a crucial crossroads between Africa and Europe, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, and the "Arab World" and the West, Morocco has long had a special place in U.S. diplomacy and strategic planning. Since September 11, 2001, Morocco's importance to the United States has only increased, and the more recent uncertainties of the Arab Spring and Islamist extremism have further increased the value of the Moroccan-American alliance. Yet one of the pillars of the legitimacy of the Moroccan monarchy, its claim to the Western Sahara, remains a point of violent contention. Home to the largest functional military barrier in the world, the Western Sahara has a long history of colonial conquest and resistance, guerrilla warfare and counterinsurgency, and evolving strategic thought, and its future may prove critical to U.S. interests in the region.
Wings Over Ogaden
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Author : Tom Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2015-04-19
Wings Over Ogaden written by Tom Cooper and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-19 with History categories.
With Ethiopia in disarray following a period of severe internal unrest and the spread of insurgencies in Eritrea and Tigray, Ethiopia and its armed forces should have offered little opposition to well-equipped Somali armed forces which were unleashed to capture Ogaden, in July 1977. However, excellently trained pilots of the Ethiopian Air Force took full advantage of their US-made equipment, primarily their few brand-new Northrop F-5E Tiger II fighter-bombers, to take the fight to their opponents, win air superiority over the battlefield, and thus have their hands free to interdict the Somali supply links to stop the invasion cold. This air victory practically sealed the fate of the Somali juggernaut in Ogaden, especially so once Ethiopia convinced Cuba and the Soviet Bloc to support her instead of Somalia. In a fit of pique, Somalia forced all Soviet advisers to leave the country. Already bitter over similar experiences in Egypt in 1972, Moscow's revenge was designed as a clear message: nobody was to treat her in such fashion again. The USSR subsequently launched an air bridge to Ethiopia, unique and unprecedented in its extension and importance, delivering huge quantities of armament and equipment necessary for the Ethiopians to reconquer Ogaden, and beyond. In turn Somalia asked the USA for help and thus occurred an unprecedented switch of Cold War alliances. This volume details the history and training of both Ethiopian and Somali air forces, their equipment and training, tactics used and kills claimed, against the backdrop of the flow of the Ogaden war. It explains in detail, supported by over 100 contemporary and exclusive photographs, maps and color profiles, how the Ethiopian Air Force won the decisive victory in the air by expertly deploying the F-5Es - unequaled in maneuverability, small size and powerful armament - to practically destroy the Somali Air Force and its MiG-17s and MiG-21s.
The Wretched Of The Earth
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Author : Frantz Fanon
language : en
Publisher: Grove/Atlantic, Inc.
Release Date : 2007-12-01
The Wretched Of The Earth written by Frantz Fanon and has been published by Grove/Atlantic, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-01 with Social Science categories.
The sixtieth anniversary edition of Frantz Fanon’s landmark text, now with a new introduction by Cornel West First published in 1961, and reissued in this sixtieth anniversary edition with a powerful new introduction by Cornel West, Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth is a masterfuland timeless interrogation of race, colonialism, psychological trauma, and revolutionary struggle, and a continuing influence on movements from Black Lives Matter to decolonization. A landmark text for revolutionaries and activists, The Wretched of the Earth is an eternal touchstone for civil rights, anti-colonialism, psychiatric studies, and Black consciousness movements around the world. Alongside Cornel West’s introduction, the book features critical essays by Jean-Paul Sartre and Homi K. Bhabha. This sixtieth anniversary edition of Fanon’s most famous text stands proudly alongside such pillars of anti-colonialism and anti-racism as Edward Said’s Orientalism and The Autobiography of Malcolm X.
The Battle Of Cuito Cuanavale
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Author : Leopold Scholtz
language : en
Publisher: Africa@War
Release Date : 2016
The Battle Of Cuito Cuanavale written by Leopold Scholtz and has been published by Africa@War this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with History categories.
The battle for the town of Cuito Cuanavale is a myth. The conduct of Operations Modular, Hooper, Packer and Displace by South African and UNITA forces in the 6th Military Region of southeastern Angola initially prevented FAPLA and its allies from occupying the UNITA town of Mavinga. The success achieved in this endeavor then led to the conduct of offensive military operations to force FAPLA and its allies to relinquish their bridgehead over the Cuito River and to redeploy to the western bank at Cuito Cuanavale. The FAPLA deployment and occupation of Cuito Cuanavale, on the western bank of the Cuito River, was never contested militarily by opposing forces during 1987 and 1988.
Great Lakes Holocaust
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Author : Tom Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Helion and Company
Release Date : 2013-10-19
Great Lakes Holocaust written by Tom Cooper and has been published by Helion and Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-19 with History categories.
Great Lakes Holocaust' is the first in two volumes covering military operations in Zaire - as the Congo was named from 1971 until 1997 - and the Democratic Republic of Congo at the turn of the 21st century. This volume explores the events of the 1980s and 1990s in Rwanda and Uganda, which eventually spilled over the borders into Zaire, resulting in one of the worst tragedies ever to befall an African region. The narrative traces the ascent of crucial Rwandan, Congolese and Ugandan military and political figures, and their connections within influential business and political circles in and outside Africa. It examines the build-up of the Zairian military under the government of Dictator Mobutu Sese Seko in the 1960s and 1970s, and provides an in-depth study into reasons for its near-collapse in the early 1990s. The military build-up of Rwanda and Uganda is discussed in detail as is their planning for operations inside Zaire, and the global logistic tail that provided the Rwandan military, particularly, but also most of its opponents, with a capability of not only waging war beyond their borders, but - in the case of Rwanda - of invading and practically conquering a country the size of Western Europe or the USA east of the Mississippi. The book further traces the covert Rwandan military actions inside Zaire, initially run under the guise of an insurgency by one of Zaire's ethnic minorities; how ever-deepening Rwandan operations inside Zaire were practically dictated by concentrations of Hutu refugees; and how the insurgency - led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila who was installed by key Rwandan and Ugandan military and political figures - developed into an organization that sought autonomy from the military and political dictates of Rwanda, in turn delivering a direct reason for the Second Congo War which was fought from 1998-2003.
Air Wars Over Congo Volume 1 1960 1968
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Author : Daniel Kowalczuk
language : en
Publisher: Africa@War
Release Date : 2022-04
Air Wars Over Congo Volume 1 1960 1968 written by Daniel Kowalczuk and has been published by Africa@War this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04 with History categories.
Ever since the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo, or DRC) was released into independence by Belgium, in June 1960, its skies have been full of action. During the crisis, and immediately afterwards, the Belgians evacuated their colonists and military personnel. Hardly was this action was over when the mineral-rich province of Katanga attempted to break away and the separatists created their own air force, the Force Aérienne Katangaise (FAK), which existed from 1960 until 1963 and saw action against forces of the United Nations (UN). In line with decisions by its members, the UN deployed contingents from several air forces of its member states to protect the integrity of the DR Congo and eliminate the FAK. In response to the emergence of leftist insurgencies, the CIA created the Congo Air Force (or Force Aérienne Congolaise), staffed entirely by foreign mercenary personnel due to the lack of native pilots and mechanics. In 1964-1965, this service saw action during the so-called 'Simba Rebellion', in eastern DRC, and in support of government and mercenary forces. In 1964, the Belgians launched their daring operation 'Red Dragon', during which their Parachute Regiment was deployed to liberate hostages held by the Simbas in Stanleyville. Finally, in eastern Congo in 1967, the former 'brothers-in-arms' - including pilots of the FAC - fought each other during the famous mercenary mutiny. From the existence of a colonial air force attached to the Belgian military and civilian colonial administration during the time before Congo's independence (June 1960), to the involvement of the Central Government Congo Air Force in fighting against mercenary mutinies in Eastern Congo (1966-67), Volume I of "Air Wars over The Congo" provides detailed coverage of the aircraft and air forces involved in an entire series of conflicts in this huge country. Illustrated with over 100 photographs, 15 colour profiles and half a dozen maps, it offers a unique source of reference for enthusiasts and professionals alike.
Empires Of The Mind
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Author : Robert Gildea
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-02-28
Empires Of The Mind written by Robert Gildea and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-28 with History categories.
Prize-winning historian Robert Gildea dissects the legacy of empire for the former colonial powers and their subjects.