Small Manufacturing Plants Pollution And Poverty
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Small Manufacturing Plants Pollution And Poverty
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Author : Susmita Dasgupta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Small Manufacturing Plants Pollution And Poverty written by Susmita Dasgupta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Small, dirty manufacturing plants dominate poor regions but have only a small impact on pollution. Large plants in high-income areas cause most of the damage to human health.Dasgupta, Lucas, and Wheeler use new data from Brazil and Mexico to analyze relationships linking economic development, the size distribution of manufacturing plants, and exposure to industrial pollution. For lack of data, prior work in this field has been limited largely to water pollution and medium-size plants. This study examines air pollution and encompasses small plants (with 1 to 20 employees) as well as medium-size and large plants. Four main questions are addressed (with answers from plant-level data):Are small plants more pollution-intensive than large facilities? Clearly, yes.Are there proportionately more small plants in low-income regions? The answer is yes, in thousands of Brazilian municipalities. Small plants dominate poor regions and are a relatively low source of employment in high-income areas.Is industry more pollution-intensive in low-income regions? In Brazil, yes. For each municipality, the authors estimate the share of the six most pollution-intensive (dirty) sectors in total industrial activity. They find that the dirty-sector share declines continuously with increases in municipality income per capita.Do poor areas suffer more than wealthy areas from industrial air pollution? Paradoxically, no. The risk of mortality from industrial air pollution is much higher in the top two income deciles among Brazil's municipalities and the great majority of projected deaths is attributable to emissions from large plants. The scale of large-plant emissions dominates all other factors. Lower-income areas suffer much less from industrial air pollution in Brazil, despite the greater emissions-intensity of smaller plants and the prevalence of smaller plants in lower income areas.This paper - a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of industrial pollution control in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Small Plants, Pollution, and Poverty (RPO 682-66).
Small Manufacturing Plants Pollution And Poverty
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Author : Susmita Dasgupta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Small Manufacturing Plants Pollution And Poverty written by Susmita Dasgupta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Air categories.
Small, dirty manufacturing plants dominate poor regions but have only a small impact on pollution. Large plants in high-income areas cause most of the damage to human health. Dasgupta, Lucas, and Wheeler use new data from Brazil and Mexico to analyze relationships linking economic development, the size distribution of manufacturing plants, and exposure to industrial pollution. For lack of data, prior work in this field has been limited largely to water pollution and medium-size plants. This study examines air pollution and encompasses small plants (with 1 to 20 employees) as well as medium-size and large plants. Four main questions are addressed (with answers from plant-level data): * Are small plants more pollution-intensive than large facilities? Clearly, yes. * Are there proportionately more small plants in low-income regions? The answer is yes, in thousands of Brazilian municipalities. Small plants dominate poor regions and are a relatively low source of employment in high-income areas. * Is industry more pollution-intensive in low-income regions? In Brazil, yes. For each municipality, the authors estimate the share of the six most pollution-intensive (dirty) sectors in total industrial activity. They find that the dirty-sector share declines continuously with increases in municipality income per capita. * Do poor areas suffer more than wealthy areas from industrial air pollution? Paradoxically, no. The risk of mortality from industrial air pollution is muchhigher in the top two income deciles among Brazil's municipalities and the great majority of projected deaths is attributable to emissions from large plants. The scale of large-plant emissions dominates all other factors. Lower-income areas suffer much less from industrial air pollution in Brazil, despite the greater emissions-intensity of smaller plants and the prevalence of smaller plants in lower income areas. This paper-a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the economics of industrial pollution control in developing countries. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under research project Small Plants, Pollution, and Poverty (RPO 682-66). The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Small Plant Pollution And Poverty
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Author : Susmita Dasgupta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Small Plant Pollution And Poverty written by Susmita Dasgupta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Air categories.
Small Firms And The Environment In Developing Countries
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Author : Allen Blackman
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-09-30
Small Firms And The Environment In Developing Countries written by Allen Blackman and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Small firms - including 'microenterprises' and 'small and medium enterprises' (SMEs) - play a vital economic role in developing countries. They typically provide half of all jobs. In addition, they foster entrepreneurship and help key sectors adapt to changing market conditions. In light of these benefits, programs promoting small firms have become a cornerstone of economic development policy. Increasingly, however, scholars and policymakers are also exploring the link between small firms and the environment. The first compendium of research and policy analysis on this topic, this book is organized around three questions: How important is small firm pollution? Will forcing small firms to comply with environmental regulations exacerbate unemployment and poverty? And what policy options are available to control small firm pollution? Eleven case studies from China, Ecuador, Honduras, India, Malaysia, and Mexico address these questions. They compare the environmental damages caused by small firms and large ones. They explore the positive and negative economic consequences of pollution control strategies focusing on small firms, the administrative challenges of regulating thousands of firms which are often unregistered and unknown to the government, and they describe innovative approaches for persuading small firms to implement effective pollution controls. The case studies cover a variety of industrial sectors including ceramics, leather tanning, textiles, and agro-industry, and evaluate a wide range of environmental management strategies that include encouraging collective action among small firms, creating economic incentives for pollution control, and helping small firms adopt clean technologies and environmental management systems. Many of the chapters are groundbreaking, addressing topics new to the literature?for example, the role of international trade in greening small firms, and funding small firm pollution control projects by linking them to efforts to stem global warming. Highly readable, Small Firms and the Environment in Developing Countries is a valuable text for courses in development policy and economics that have an environmental component or focus. It will also prove of interest to development workers, policymakers in developing countries, and students and scholars of environmental policy and law.
Greening Industry
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2000
Greening Industry written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Political Science categories.
Accompanying CD-ROM contains background and reference material for the text, including the text itself, as well as a slightly modified version of the World Bank's New ideas for pollution regulation (NIPR) web site, current as of 9/29/99. CD-ROM also includes Netscape, Adobe Acrobat, and Real Media audio/video player.
Computer Simulated Plant Design For Waste Minimization Pollution Prevention
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Author : Stan Bumble
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-02-10
Computer Simulated Plant Design For Waste Minimization Pollution Prevention written by Stan Bumble and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-10 with Science categories.
Full of examples based on case studies from a variety of industries, Computer Simulated Plant Design for Waste Minimization/Pollution Prevention discusses preventing pollution and minimizing waste using computer simulation programs. The author examines the computer technologies used in the field, including the design and analysis of computer-aided flow sheets. With this book, readers will understand how to use computer technology to design plants that generate little or no pollution and how to use information generated by computer simulations for technical data in proposals and presentations and as the basis for making policy decisions.
Racing To The Bottom
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Author : David Wheeler
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Racing To The Bottom written by David Wheeler and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Air categories.
Critics of free trade have raised the specter of a "race to the bottom" in which environmental standards collapse because polluters threaten to relocate to "pollution havens" in the developing world. The flaw in the race-to-the-bottom model is that its basic assumptions misrepresent the political economy of pollution control in developing countries
Greening Industries In Newly Industrializing Economies
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Author : Peter Ho
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Greening Industries In Newly Industrializing Economies written by Peter Ho and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Social Science categories.
First published in 2006. Over the past decades, the world has witnessed the profound transformation of China, Vietnam, Taiwan and Singapore from impoverished developing regions into strong and internationally competitive economies. Also dubbed Newly Industrializing Economies (NIEs), it has become obvious that their rapid development has come at a price. Contrary to their economic successes, these NIEs have been much less successful in terms of ecological sustainability and environmental protection. A critical question in this respect is: how can the state effect the greening of industries and business without inhibiting economic growth? Some scholars have argued that NIEs are situated at an unique juncture: they have an unparalleled opportunity to ?nd different development paths and in so doing to provide models that other countries could follow. With the right policy mix, they might achieve rapid economic development while avoiding environmental degradation on the scale of that created by the United States, Europe-a Union member countries, and other earlier industrialized nations. “Doing it right the ?rst time” – by installing clean technologies and developing the capacity and the governance style to enforce environmental regulations – could lead to “leapfrogging” the development process, and building industrial economies that are both competitive and more sustainable than those economies with an older industrial base. This edited volume examines these issues through case-studies from China, Vietnam, Taiwan and Singapore. It is argued that the NIEs – ?rst and second generations alike – are not truly situated in a more favourable position that allows leapfrogging in the greening of industries. This book brings together a team of leading experts in their ? eld, ranging from development studies, sociology, political studies, and economics. It will be of interest to a wide readership of students and professionals concerned with development in contemporary Asia, with particular reference to environmental studies, industrial pollution control, social movements, and developmental state theory.
Good Governance And Trade Policy
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Author : Francis Ng
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Good Governance And Trade Policy written by Francis Ng and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Africa, Sub-Saharan categories.
Abstract:,500) and an annual increase of 3 or 4 percentage points in the growth rate for this variable. This paper-a product of Trade, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to accelerate the trade and growth of developing countries. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].: Turning the economies of Sub-Saharan Africa around requires badly needed national policy reform-abandoning the region's restrictive fiscal, monetary, property, and wage policies and trade barriers. Economists often argue that the level and structure of a country's trade barriers and the quality of its governance policies (for example, regulating foreign investment or limiting commercial activity with red tape) have a major influence on its economic growth and performance. One problem testing those relations empirically was the unavailability of objective cross-country indices of the quality of governance and statistics on developing countries' trade barriers. Ng and Yeats use new sources of empirical information to test the influence of trade and governance policies on economic performance. They use a model similar to those used in the literature on causes and implications of economic growth but focus more heavily on the World Bank's index of the speed with which countries are integrating into the world economy. Their results show that countries that adopted less restrictive governance and trade policies achieved significantly higher levels of per capita GDP; experienced higher growth rates for exports, imports, and GDP; and were more successful integrating with the world economy. Regression results indicate that national trade and governance regulations explain over 60 percent of the variance in some measures of economic performance, implying that a country's own national policies shape its rate of development, industrialization, and growth. Their tests provide new insights into the phenomenon of economic convergence, showing that poorer open countries are integrating more rapidly into the global economy than others. This finding parallels what others have observed about economic growth rates. They test their empirical results in a case study asking whether inappropriate national policies have caused Sub-Saharan Africa's dismal economic performance. The evidence strongly supports this proposition. Indices of the quality of national governance show that African countries have generally adopted the most inappropriate (restrictive) fiscal, monetary, property, and wage policies and that their own trade barriers (including customs procedures constraining commercial activity) are among the world's highest. Improving African trade and governance policies to levels currently prevailing in such (non-exceptional) countries as Jordan, Panama, and Sri Lanka would be consistent with a sevenfold increase in per capita GDP (to about.
Built Environment And Population Health In Small Town America
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Author : Mahbub Rashid
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2024-03-12
Built Environment And Population Health In Small Town America written by Mahbub Rashid and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-12 with Medical categories.
"This book describes the population health concerns of small-town America and how these concerns are affected by the unique characteristics of these places focusing on the built environment"--