Small Scale Gold Mining Mercury And Environmental Health
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Small Scale Gold Mining Mercury And Environmental Health
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Small Scale Gold Mining Mercury And Environmental Health written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Gold mines and mining categories.
Environment Health And Mercury Pollution In The Small Scale Gold Mining Industry
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Author : Martin John Clifford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Environment Health And Mercury Pollution In The Small Scale Gold Mining Industry written by Martin John Clifford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining
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Author : Katherine von Stackelberg
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2022-06-13
Artisanal Small Scale Gold Mining written by Katherine von Stackelberg and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-13 with Medical categories.
This framework document provides a pragmatic approach for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from small-scale artisanal gold mining activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden of disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological sampling data, household survey data, and health outcome data. This framework focuses on small-scale artisanal gold mining (ASGM) activities that are known to use and generate mercury (Hg) as well as other metals, such as arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), depending on the specific ores being mined. A particular concern with Hg is the conversion to methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic environments, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification in fish that may be locally consumed. Exposure to Hg, MeHg, and Pb are strongly associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children. Exposure to Hg and MeHg are also associated with neurological illnesses in adults. Exposures to Pb are associated with renal outcomes in children and adults, and cardiovascular outcomes in adults. Exposure to As are associated with neurodevelopmental health outcomes in children, arsenicosis and skin disorders in children and adults, and potential cancers in adults, including skin, bladder, and lung. The primary objective of this framework is to guide research to assess the relationship between environmental contamination, exposures, and health outcomes related to a subset of contaminants originating from ASGM activities for particularly vulnerable populations (such as children) and the general population within a single household in the vicinity of ASGM sites in low- and medium-income countries. To achieve this objective, biomonitoring and health outcome data are linked to household survey and environmental data (for example, soil, dust, water, agricultural products, fish) at the individual level from an exposed population compared to individuals from an unexposed (reference) population. Data on exposures and health outcomes in the same individual across a representative set of individuals is required to support an understanding of the potential impact of ASGM activities on local populations. These guidelines can also assist in building local capacity to conduct environmental assessments following a consistent methodology to facilitate comparability across ASGM sites in different geographic areas. Sampling strategies and methods are prioritized given information needs, resource availability, and other constraints or considerations. The framework includes a number of supporting appendixes that provide additional resources and references on relevant topics.
Environment Health And Mercury Poluution In The Small Scale Gold Mining Industry
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Author : Martin John Clifford
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Environment Health And Mercury Poluution In The Small Scale Gold Mining Industry written by Martin John Clifford and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
A Step By Step Guide For Developing A Public Health Strategy For Artisanal And Small Scale Gold Mining In The Context Of The Minamata Convention On Mercury
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2021-03-31
A Step By Step Guide For Developing A Public Health Strategy For Artisanal And Small Scale Gold Mining In The Context Of The Minamata Convention On Mercury written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-31 with Medical categories.
Developing Public Health Strategies For Artisanal And Small Scale Mining Within The Minamata Convention On Mercury
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2021-03-17
Developing Public Health Strategies For Artisanal And Small Scale Mining Within The Minamata Convention On Mercury written by and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-17 with Nature categories.
Mercury And The Gef
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Author : Global Environment Facility
language : en
Publisher: Global Environment Facility
Release Date : 2013-10-15
Mercury And The Gef written by Global Environment Facility and has been published by Global Environment Facility this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-15 with Nature categories.
Developing Policy And Governance Strategies To Address Mercury And Small Scale Gold Mining
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Developing Policy And Governance Strategies To Address Mercury And Small Scale Gold Mining written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
In over fifty countries, mercury is used to extract gold by artisanal and small-scale miners and poses significant threats to human and environmental health. While extensive research has focused on the negative effects of mercury, remarkably little attention has been devoted to institutional policies and governance strategies to reduce mercury use and associated risks. In many of the world's poorest regions, mercury amalgamation has become more prevalently used as worsening poverty has contributed to a growth in rudimentary gold extraction activities. This study examines how these challenges prompted United Nations agencies to launch a global pilot initiative addressing mercury in small-scale gold mining, focusing on the mandate of "assisting countries to transfer to cleaner technologies." Linking governments, NGOs, mining companies and other agencies, case studies from development campaigns in Africa, South America and Asia illustrate the complexities of environmental interventions in rural areas and the need for sensitive attention to government relations with mining communities. While mercury has been illegally used in most small-scale mining communities, this study demonstrates how strong stakeholder willingness to legalize mercury can help to more productively regulate and phase out mercury use and trade in order to eliminate major pollution point sources and health hazards. The study proposes developing UN International Guidelines on Mercury in Small-Scale Gold Mining to assist decision-makers at multiple governance levels, from village-level planners to national lawmakers and donors, in targeting technical priorities. Recognizing how narrow top-down policy models can be counterproductive, the analysis focuses on how interdisciplinary development planning teams have taken incremental and integrative approaches seeking to facilitate the reduction of pollution while supporting miners' livelihoods. A policy framework is proposed to assist institutions in cultivat.
The Gef Undp Unido Global Mercury Project
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Author : J.D. Appleton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Gef Undp Unido Global Mercury Project written by J.D. Appleton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Artisanal And Small Scale Gold Mining
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Author : World Bank Group
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Artisanal And Small Scale Gold Mining written by World Bank Group and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Artisanal gold mining occurs informally and therefore relies on low technologies and extraction methods lacking pollution controls. As a result, despite the fact that artisanal gold mining produces only twenty percent of the world's gold, it releases more mercury than any other sector and represents the largest source of mercury emissions. At various points during the gold mining process, mercury is released and emitted into the atmosphere during various points in the gold mining process, where it deposits into soil, lakes, and rivers. This framework document provides a pragmatic approach for designing representative studies and developing uniform sampling guidelines to support estimates of morbidity that are explicitly linked to exposure to land-based contaminants from small-scale artisanal gold mining activities. A primary goal is to support environmental burden of disease evaluations, which attempt to attribute health outcomes to specific sources of pollution. The guidelines provide recommendations on the most appropriate and cost-effective sampling and analysis methods to ensure the collection of representative population-level data, sample-size recommendations for each contaminant and environmental media, biological sampling data, household-survey data, and health-outcome data. Section 1 of the guidelines provides an overview of the Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) process, including a description of the primary contaminants released or discharged during each step of the process. Section 2 describes the process for identifying participating households and individuals within those households that will provide household survey data, environmental sampling data, biomonitoring data, and health-outcomes data. Section 3 provides general guidelines for conducting environmental sampling of soil, dust, sediment, water, fish, and/or agricultural and food products. Section 4 provides general guidelines for collecting biomonitoring samples in blood, urine, hair, or other biological matrices. Section 5 provides general guidelines for evaluating health outcomes using medical exams, health surveys, and diagnostic tests.
