Smarandache
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Dincoace Si Dincolo De Paradoxism
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Author : Florentin Smarandache
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2000
Dincoace Si Dincolo De Paradoxism written by Florentin Smarandache and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Paradox in literature categories.
Smarandache Rings
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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2002
Smarandache Rings written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Mathematics categories.
Generally, in any human field, a Smarandache Structure on a set A means a weak structure W on A such that there exists a proper subset B which is embedded with a stronger structure S.By proper subset one understands a set included in A, different from the empty set, from the unit element if any, and from A.These types of structures occur in our every day?s life, that?s why we study them in this book.Thus, as two particular cases:A Smarandache ring of level I (S-ring I) is a ring R that contains a proper subset that is a field with respect to the operations induced. A Smarandache ring of level II (S-ring II) is a ring R that contains a proper subset A that verifies: ?A is an additive abelian group; ?A is a semigroup under multiplication;?For a, b I A, a?b = 0 if and only if a = 0 or b = 0.
Smarandache Semigroups
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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2002-12-01
Smarandache Semigroups written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-01 with Mathematics categories.
Generally, in any human field, a Smarandache Structure on a set A means a weak structure W on A such that there exists a proper subset B in A which is embedded with a stronger structure S.These types of structures occur in our everyday life, that?s why we study them in this book.Thus, as a particular case:A Smarandache Semigroup is a semigroup A which has a proper subset B in A that is a group (with respect to the same binary operation on A).
The Math Encyclopedia Of Smarandache Type Notions
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Author : Marius Coman
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date :
The Math Encyclopedia Of Smarandache Type Notions written by Marius Coman and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
About the works of Florentin Smarandache have been written a lot of books (he himself wrote dozens of books and articles regarding math, physics, literature, philosophy). Being a globally recognized personality in both mathematics (there are countless functions and concepts that bear his name) and literature, it is natural that the volume of writings about his research is huge. What we try to do with this encyclopedia is to gather together as much as we can both from Smarandache’s mathematical work and the works of many mathematicians around the world inspired by the Smarandache notions. We structured this book using numbered Definitions, Theorems, Conjectures, Notes and Comments, in order to facilitate an easier reading but also to facilitate references to a specific paragraph. We divided the Bibliography in two parts, Writings by Florentin Smarandache (indexed by the name of books and articles) and Writings on Smarandache notions (indexed by the name of authors). We treated, in this book, about 130 Smarandache type sequences, about 50 Smarandache type functions and many solved or open problems of number theory. We also have, at the end of this book, a proposal for a new Smarandache type notion, id est the concept of “a set of Smarandache-Coman divisors of order k of a composite positive integer n with m prime factors”, notion that seems to have promising applications, at a first glance at least in the study of absolute and relative Fermat pseudoprimes, Carmichael numbers and Poulet numbers. This encyclopedia is both for researchers that will have on hand a tool that will help them “navigate” in the universe of Smarandache type notions and for young math enthusiasts: many of them will be attached by this wonderful branch of mathematics, number theory, reading the works of Florentin Smarandache.
Smarandache Loops
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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2002
Smarandache Loops written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Mathematics categories.
Generally, in any human field, a Smarandache Structure on a set A means a weak structure W on A such that there exists a proper subset B which is embedded with a stronger structure S.By proper subset one understands a set included in A, different from the empty set, from the unit element if any, and from A.These types of structures occur in our every day?s life, that?s why we study them in this book.As an example:A non-empty set L is said to form a loop, if on L is defined a binary operation called product, denoted by '?', such that:?For all a, b I L we have a ? b I L (closure property);?There exists an element e I L such that a ? e = e ? a = a for all a I L (e is the identity element of L);?For every ordered pair (a, b) I L ' L there exists a unique pair (x, y) in L such that ax = b and ya = b.Whence:A Smarandache Loop (or S-loop) is a loop L such that a proper subset M of L is a subgroup (with respect to the same induced operation).
Smarandache Numbers Revisited
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Author : A.A.K. MAJUMDAR
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date :
Smarandache Numbers Revisited written by A.A.K. MAJUMDAR and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Mathematics categories.
More than seven years ago, my first book on some of the Smarandache notions was published. The book consisted of five chapters, and the topics covered were as follows : (1) some recursive type Smarandache sequences, (2) Smarandache determinant sequences, (3) the Smarandache function, (4) the pseudo Smarandache function, and (5) the Smarandache function related and the pseudo Smarandache function related triangles. Since then, new and diversified results have been published by different researchers. The aim of this book to update some of the contents of my previous book, and add some new results.
Linear Algebra And Smarandache Linear Algebra
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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2003
Linear Algebra And Smarandache Linear Algebra written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Mathematics categories.
In this book the author analyzes the Smarandache linear algebra, and introduces several other concepts like the Smarandache semilinear algebra, Smarandache bilinear algebra and Smarandache anti-linear algebra. We indicate that Smarandache vector spaces of type II will be used in the study of neutrosophic logic and its applications to Markov chains and Leontief Economic models ? both of these research topics have intense industrial applications. The Smarandache linear algebra, is defined to be a Smarandache vector space of type II, on which there is an additional operation called product, such that for all a, b in V, ab is in V.The Smarandache vector space of type II is defined to be a module V defined over a Smarandache ring R such that V is a vector space over a proper subset k of R, where k is a field.
Comments And Topics On Smarandache Notions And Problems
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Author : Kenichiro Kashihara
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 1996
Comments And Topics On Smarandache Notions And Problems written by Kenichiro Kashihara and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Numerical functions categories.
Smarandache Notions Vol 14
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Author : W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Smarandache Notions Vol 14 written by W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Number theory categories.
Papers concerning any of the Smarandache type functions, sequences, numbers, algorithms, inferior/superior f-parts, magic squares, palindromes, functional iterations, semantic paradoxes, Non-Euclidean geometries, manifolds, conjectures, open problems, algebraic structures, neutrosophy, neutrosophic logic/set/probability, hypothesis that there is no speed barrier in the universe, quantum paradoxes, etc. have been selected for this volume. Contributors are from Australia, China, England, Germany, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, USA. Most of the papers are in English, a few of them are in Spanish, Portuguese, or German.
Generalized Partitions And New Ideas On Number Theory And Smarandache Sequences
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Author : Amarnath Murthy
language : en
Publisher: Infinite Study
Release Date : 2005-01-01
Generalized Partitions And New Ideas On Number Theory And Smarandache Sequences written by Amarnath Murthy and has been published by Infinite Study this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Mathematics categories.
Florentin Smarandache is an incredible source of ideas, only some of which are mathematical in nature. Amarnath Murthy has published a large number of papers in the broad area of Smarandache Notions, which are math problems whose origin can be traced to Smarandache. This book is an edited version of many of those papers, most of which appeared in Smarandache Notions Journal, and more information about SNJ is available at http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/ . The topics covered are very broad, although there are two main themes under which most of the material can be classified. A Smarandache Partition Function is an operation where a set or number is split into pieces and together they make up the original object. For example, a Smarandache Repeatable Reciprocal partition of unity is a set of natural numbers where the sum of the reciprocals is one. The first chapter of the book deals with various types of partitions and their properties and partitions also appear in some of the later sections.The second main theme is a set of sequences defined using various properties. For example, the Smarandache n2n sequence is formed by concatenating a natural number and its double in that order. Once a sequence is defined, then some properties of the sequence are examined. A common exploration is to ask how many primes are in the sequence or a slight modification of the sequence. The final chapter is a collection of problems that did not seem to be a precise fit in either of the previous two categories. For example, for any number d, is it possible to find a perfect square that has digit sum d? While many results are proven, a large number of problems are left open, leaving a great deal of room for further exploration.