Smart Rotor Modeling
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Smart Rotor Modeling
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Author : Leonardo Bergami
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-05-30
Smart Rotor Modeling written by Leonardo Bergami and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A smart rotor is a wind turbine rotor that, through a combination of sensors, control units and actuators actively reduces the variation of the aerodynamic loads it has to withstand. Smart rotors feature promising load alleviation potential and might provide the technological breakthrough required by the next generation of large wind turbine rotors. The book presents the aero-servo-elastic model of a smart rotor with Adaptive Trailing Edge Flaps for active load alleviation and provides an insight on the rotor aerodynamic, structural and control modeling. A novel model for the unsteady aerodynamics of an air foil section with flap is presented and coupled with a multi-body structural representation. A smart rotor configuration is proposed, where the Adaptive Trailing Edge Flaps extend along the outer 20 % of the blade span. Linear Quadratic and Model Predictive algorithms are formulated to control the flap deflection. The potential of the smart rotor is finally confirmed by simulations in a turbulent wind field. A significant reduction of the fatigue loads on the blades is reported: the flaps, which cover no more than 1.5 % of the blade surface, reduce the fatigue load by 15 %; a combination of flap and individual pitch control allows for fatigue reductions up to 30 %.
Turbomachinery Rotordynamics
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Author : Dara Childs
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1993-04-16
Turbomachinery Rotordynamics written by Dara Childs and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-04-16 with Science categories.
Imparts the theory and analysis regarding the dynamics of rotating machinery in order to design such rotating devices as turbines, jet engines, pumps and power-transmission shafts. Takes into account the forces acting upon machine structures, bearings and related components. Provides numerical techniques for analyzing and understanding rotor systems with examples of actual designs. Features an excellent treatment of numerical methods available to obtain computer solutions for authentic design problems.
The Smart Rotor Wind Turbine
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Author : Charles Plumley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Smart Rotor Wind Turbine written by Charles Plumley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
The smart rotor is an upgrade to the wind turbine rotor that facilitates active modification of the blade aerodynamics, thus allowing enhanced control of the rotor loads. In this thesis a number of research areas relating to the smart rotor are explored and advanced. The synthesised wind field spatial and temporal requirements are assessed, suggesting the current guidelines, of less than 5m spatial and 10Hz temporal resolutions, are more than adequate. Also regarding the wind field, it is shown that the smart rotor provides the greatest percentage benefits when there is high wind shear, but low turbulence intensity. An analytical approach to selecting the chord-width of trailing edge flaps, based on thin aerofoil theory, is presented. Demonstrating a trade-off between flap size, flap actuator requirements and load reductions. The unsteady aerodynamics of trailing edge flaps and their modelling in Bladed is also considered, showing only a limited requirement to develop the aerodynamic code. A comparison of individual pitch and smart rotor controllers shows that both methods can achieve similar load reductions. The main benefit of using a smart rotor system is the lower pitch motion. The smart rotor is also shown to reduce pitch motion by supplementing collective pitch control. The trade between pitch actuator requirements, load reductions and the cost of smart rotor control, is therefore considered the defining factor in valuing the smart rotor, rather than purely load reductions. Finally, a fault scenario of a single jammed flap is detected and corrected for. With results suggesting that even unreliable systems can achieve a significant lifetime fatigue load reduction. These studies are conducted using a methodical process detailed in this thesis, such that future researchers may build upon this work. Access to the models and code developed are provided in the appendix.
Dynamic Modeling Simulation And Control Of Energy Generation
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Author : Ranjan Vepa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-09-11
Dynamic Modeling Simulation And Control Of Energy Generation written by Ranjan Vepa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book addresses the core issues involved in the dynamic modeling, simulation and control of a selection of energy systems such as gas turbines, wind turbines, fuel cells and batteries. The principles of modeling and control could be applied to other non-convention methods of energy generation such as solar energy and wave energy. A central feature of Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Control of Energy Generation is that it brings together diverse topics in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, electro-chemistry, electrical networks and electrical machines and focuses on their applications in the field of energy generation, its control and regulation. This book will help the reader understand the methods of modelling energy systems for controller design application as well as gain a basic understanding of the processes involved in the design of control systems and regulators. It will also be a useful guide to simulation of the dynamics of energy systems and for implementing monitoring systems based on the estimation of internal system variables from measurements of observable system variables. Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Control of Energy Generation will serve as a useful aid to designers of hybrid power generating systems involving advanced technology systems such as floating or offshore wind turbines and fuel cells. The book introduces case studies of the practical control laws for a variety of energy generation systems based on nonlinear dynamic models without relying on linearization. Also the book introduces the reader to the use nonlinear model based estimation techniques and their application to energy systems.
Application Of System Identification To Analytic Rotor Modeling From Simulated And Wind Tunnel Dynamic Test Data
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Author : Debashis Banerjee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Application Of System Identification To Analytic Rotor Modeling From Simulated And Wind Tunnel Dynamic Test Data written by Debashis Banerjee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Rotors categories.
Smart Helicopter Rotors
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Author : Ranjan Ganguli
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-16
Smart Helicopter Rotors written by Ranjan Ganguli and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Exploiting the properties of piezoelectric materials to minimize vibration in rotor-blade actuators, this book demonstrates the potential of smart helicopter rotors to achieve the smoothness of ride associated with jet-engined, fixed-wing aircraft. Vibration control is effected using the concepts of trailing-edge flaps and active-twist. The authors’ optimization-based approach shows the advantage of multiple trailing-edge flaps and algorithms for full-authority control of dual trailing-edge-flap actuators are presented. Hysteresis nonlinearity in piezoelectric stack actuators is highlighted and compensated by use of another algorithm. The idea of response surfaces provides for optimal placement of trailing-edge flaps. The concept of active twist involves the employment of piezoelectrically induced shear actuation in rotating beams. Shear is then demonstrated for a thin-walled aerofoil-section rotor blade under feedback-control vibration minimization. Active twist is shown to be significant in reducing vibration caused by dynamic stall. The exposition of ideas, materials and algorithms in this monograph is supported by extensive reporting of results from numerical simulations of smart helicopter rotors. This monograph will be a valuable source of reference for researchers and engineers with backgrounds in aerospace, mechanical and electrical engineering interested in smart materials and vibration control. Advances in Industrial Control aims to report and encourage the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.
Modeling And Analysis Of Composites Using Smart Materials And Optimization Techniques
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Modeling And Analysis Of Composites Using Smart Materials And Optimization Techniques written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
The vibratory load reduction at rotor hub using self-sensing piezoelectric material and closed loop control is investigated, A composite box beam theory is developed to model the primary load carrying structure in the rotor blade. In this theory, a higher order displacement field is used to model the individual walls of the composite box beam with surface bonded piezoelectric actuators. Based on these techniques, an integrated rotor vibratory load analysis technique is developed by coupling an unsteady aerodynamic model with the rotor blade dynamic model. A pole placement technique is used to design the control system for vibratory load reduction. Significant reductions are observed in the modal responses of the rotor with closed loop control. Next, the use of segmented constrained layer (SCL) damping treatment is investigated for improving helicopter aeromechanical and isolated rotor stability. A new laminate theory based on a hybrid displacement field is developed and is used to model the composite box beam with distributed SCLs. The rotor blade load-carrying member is modeled using a composite box beam. Ground and air resonance analysis models are implemented and the effect of both passive and active control in improving coupled rotor-body stability is investigated. In the passive study, a hybrid optimization algorithm is used to study the optimal placement of the SCLs along with composite tailoring. Significant improvements are observed in inplane modal damping. A control system is designed to effectively address the time-variant system and is shown to further improve aeromechanical stability of a hingeless rotor.
New Generator Control Algorithms For Smart Bladed Wind Turbines To Improve Power Capture In Below Rated Conditions
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Author : Bryce Bautista Aquino
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
New Generator Control Algorithms For Smart Bladed Wind Turbines To Improve Power Capture In Below Rated Conditions written by Bryce Bautista Aquino and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
With wind turbines growing in size, operation and maintenance has become a more important area of research with the goal of making wind energy more profitable. Wind turbine blades are subjected to intense fluctuating loads that can cause significant damage over time. The need for advanced methods of alleviating blade loads to extend the lifespan of wind turbines has become more important as worldwide initiatives have called for a push in renewable energy. An area of research whose goal is to reduce the fatigue damage is smart rotor control. Smart bladed wind turbines have the ability to sense aerodynamic loads and compute an actuator response to manipulate the aerodynamics of the wind turbine. The wind turbine model for this research is equipped with two different smart rotor devices. Independent pitch actuators for each blade and trailing edge flaps (TEFs) on the outer 70 to 90% of the blade span are used to modify aerodynamic loads. Individual Pitch Control (IPC) and Individual Flap Control (IFC) are designed to control these devices and are implemented on the NREL 5 MW wind turbine. The consequences of smart rotor control lie in the wind turbine's power capture in below rated conditions. Manipulating aerodynamic loads on the blades cause the rotor to decelerate, which effectively decreases the rotor speed and power output by 1.5%. Standard Region 2 generator torque control laws do not take into consideration variations in rotor dynamics which occur from the smart rotor controllers. Additionally, this research explores new generator torque control algorithms that optimize power capture in below rated conditions. FAST, an aeroelastic code for the simulation of wind turbines, is utilized to test the capability and efficacy of the controllers. Simulation results for the smart rotor controllers prove that they are successful in decreasing the standard deviation of blade loads by 26.3% in above rated conditions and 12.1% in below rated conditions. As expected, the average power capture decreases by 1.5%. The advanced generator torque controllers for Region 2 power capture have a maximum average power increase of 1.07% while still maintaining load reduction capabilities when coupled with smart rotor controllers. The results of this research show promise for optimizing wind turbine operation and increasing profitability.
Application Of System Identification To Analytic Rotor Modeling From Simulated And Wind Tunnel Dynamic Test Data Part 2
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Application Of System Identification To Analytic Rotor Modeling From Simulated And Wind Tunnel Dynamic Test Data Part 2 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with categories.
Modeling And Design Strategies For The Vibration Response Of Turbine Engine Rotors
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Author : Sanghum Baik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Modeling And Design Strategies For The Vibration Response Of Turbine Engine Rotors written by Sanghum Baik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.