Social Stratification In Science By Jonathan R Cole Stephen Cole
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Social Stratification In Science By Jonathan R Cole Stephen Cole
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Author : Jonathan R. Cole
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Social Stratification In Science By Jonathan R Cole Stephen Cole written by Jonathan R. Cole and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Science categories.
Social Stratification In Science
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Author : Jonathan R. Cole
language : en
Publisher: Chicago : University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1973-01-01
Social Stratification In Science written by Jonathan R. Cole and has been published by Chicago : University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973-01-01 with Physicists categories.
Smoother Pebbles
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Author : Jonathan R. Cole
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2024-04-26
Smoother Pebbles written by Jonathan R. Cole and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-26 with Social Science categories.
Until the middle of the twentieth century, few thought of science as a social system, instead seeing scientific discovery as the work of individual geniuses. Columbia University’s Department of Sociology played a pivotal role in advancing the social study of science. Researchers of the “Columbia Program” analyzed how science works as a social institution, exploring its norms, values, and structure. Smoother Pebbles presents a collection of essays authored or coauthored by Jonathan R. Cole, a leading Columbia Program figure, that trace the development and institutionalization of the sociology of science. Spanning from the 1960s to the 2020s and including both empirical and theoretical studies of science, the book is at once wide-ranging and united by core questions. Are scientists rewarded for the merits of their work or for other reasons? How does the system of social stratification in science operate? Has the funding of scientists been the result of an “old boys’ network”? How fair is the peer review process? In what ways does science fall short of its universalistic ideals? What factors have constrained opportunities for women in science? How has science fared amid attacks on academic freedom and free inquiry at universities? Cole’s introduction contextualizes both individual essays and the major concerns of the Columbia Program. Smoother Pebbles is essential reading for those interested in the growth and crucial questions of the sociology and social studies of science.
Social Stratification In Science
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Author : Jonathan R. Cole
language : en
Publisher: Chicago : University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1973-01-01
Social Stratification In Science written by Jonathan R. Cole and has been published by Chicago : University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973-01-01 with Physicists categories.
What S Wrong With Sociology
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Author : Stephen Cole
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-04-17
What S Wrong With Sociology written by Stephen Cole and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-17 with Social Science categories.
Since the 1950s sociology has experienced a decline in prestige when compared with the other social sciences. In some highly publicized cases some universities have retrenched their sociology departments, others are contemplating either retrenchment or downsizing of their departments. Although there are some practitioners of the discipline who believe that it has never been in better shape, many sociologists have come to believe that there are very serious problems both in the cognitive and social organization of the discipline. This book contains sixteen essays by sociologists who believe that their discipline faces very serious problems which must be overcome if the discipline is to survive and prosper. The contributors were selected to represent diverse views and thus there is substantial disagreement among them over what the problems are that sociology faces and how they may be remedied. In this highly provocative book readers is likely to find some essays they agree with and others they disagree with; but all the essays present important problems faced by the discipline which must be addressed.Although the authors of the sixteen essays do not agree on what is wrong with the discipline, there are some themes which appear frequently. In his introduction Cole summarizes and comments on these themes. His introduction centers on the question of whether sociology is entirely socially constructed. Is what we believe to be true about society constrained by empirical evidence or is it a result of our ideology, power, authority, and other social processes? One theme which appears in many of the essays is that sociology has become too ideological and as a result has lost credibility among university administrators, politicians and the general public. Many of the essays also stress the view that there are very low levels of consensus in sociology and that it is hard to see evidence of progress. Others criticize the discipline for not dealing with the really important social issues and see much of the work published as being parochial and trivial. Questions are also raised about why the use of causal models has failed to generate solutions to most of the problems the discipline addresses. Some authors believe that the discipline adheres to an overly rational model of human behavior and has failed to keep up with some of the advances introduced by post-modernist theories.This highly readable set of essays should be of interest to all those are concerned about the current state of sociology. They will also be useful in introducing graduate students to some of the most important issues currently being debated in the field.Stephen Cole is currently professor of sociology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook and professor of sociology at the University of Queensland, Australia. He is the author of Making Science: Between Nature and Society, and with Jonathan R. Cole, Social Stratification in Science.
Fair Science
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Author : Jonathan R. Cole
language : en
Publisher: New York : Free Press
Release Date : 1979
Fair Science written by Jonathan R. Cole and has been published by New York : Free Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Social Science categories.
A discussion of the problems of proving and measuring sex discrimination precedes a survey of woman's place in the scientific community and an analysis of her performance and achievements in relation to her male counterparts.
Making Science
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Author : Stephen Cole
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1992
Making Science written by Stephen Cole and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Science categories.
The sociology of science is dominated today by relativists who boldly argue that the content of science is not influenced by evidence from the empirical world but is instead socially constructed in the laboratory. Making Science is the first serious critique by a sociologist of the social constructivist position. Stephen Cole begins by making a distinction between two kinds of knowledge: the core, which consists of those contributions that have passed the test of evaluation and are universally accepted as true and important, and the research frontier, which is composed of all work in progress that is still under evaluation. Of the thousands of scientific contributions made each year, only a handful end up in the core. What distinguishes those that are successful? Agreeing with the constructivists, Cole argues that there exists no set of rules that enables scientists to certify the validity of frontier knowledge. This knowledge is "underdetermined" by the evidence, and therefore social factors--such as professional characteristics and intellectual authority--can and do play a crucial role in its evaluation. But Cole parts company with the constructivists when he asserts that it is impossible to understand which frontier knowledge wins a place in the core without first considering the cognitive characteristics of the contributions. He concludes that although the focus of scientific research, the rate of advance, and indeed the everyday making of science are influenced by social variables and processes, the content of the core of science is constrained by nature. In Making Science, Cole shows how social variables and cognitive variables interact in the evaluation of frontier knowledge.
Inventing The Egghead
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Author : Aaron Lecklider
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 2013-04-09
Inventing The Egghead written by Aaron Lecklider and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-09 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Throughout the twentieth century, popular songs, magazine articles, plays, posters, and novels alternated between representing intelligence as empowering and as threatening. In Inventing the Egghead, Aaron Lecklider cracks open this paradox by examining representations of intelligence to reveal brainpower's stalwart appeal and influence.
Is American Science In Decline
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Author : Yu Xie
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2012-06-11
Is American Science In Decline written by Yu Xie and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-11 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Alarmists argue that the United States urgently needs more and better trained scientists to compete with the rest of the world. Their critics counter that, far from facing a shortage, we are producing a glut of young scientists with poor employment prospects. Both camps have issued reports in recent years that predict the looming decline of American science. Drawing on their extensive analysis of national datasets, Yu Xie and Alexandra Killewald have welcome news to share: American science is in good health. Is American Science in Decline? does reveal areas of concern, namely scientists' low earnings, the increasing competition they face from Asia, and the declining number of doctorates who secure academic positions. But the authors argue that the values inherent in American culture make the country highly conducive to science for the foreseeable future. They do not see globalization as a threat but rather a potential benefit, since it promotes efficiency in science through knowledge-sharing. In an age when other countries are catching up, American science will inevitably become less dominant, even though it is not in decline relative to its own past. As technology continues to change the American economy, better-educated workers with a range of skills will be in demand. So as a matter of policy, the authors urge that science education not be detached from general education.
From Scarcity To Visibility
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2001-10-16
From Scarcity To Visibility written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-10-16 with Political Science categories.
Although women have made important inroads in science and engineering since the early 1970s, their progress in these fields has stalled over the past several years. This study looks at women in science and engineering careers in the 1970s and 1980s, documenting differences in career outcomes between men and women and between women of different races and ethnic backgrounds. The panel presents what is known about the following questions and explores their policy implications: In what sectors are female Ph.D.s employed? What salary disparities exist between men and women in these fields? How is marital status associated with career attainment? Does it help a career to have a postdoctoral appointment? How well are female scientists and engineers represented in management? Within the broader context of education and the labor market, the book provides detailed comparisons between men and women Ph.D.s in a number of measures: financial support for education, academic rank achieved, salary, and others. The study covers engineering; the mathematical, physical, life, and social and behavioral sciences; medical school faculty; and recipients of National Institutes of Health grants. Findings and recommendations in this volume will be of interest to practitioners, faculty, and students in science and engineering as well as education administrators, employers, and researchers in these fields.